Verbs
Verb āĻাāĻে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻ āĻি āĻি?
āĻ¯ে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°া/āĻšāĻā§া āĻŦুāĻাā§ āĻ¤াāĻেāĻ Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨,come,go, eat, sleep, buy, sell, walk, run, see, play, write, give etc.
Verb āĻে āĻংāĻ°েāĻি sentence āĻāĻ° āĻšৃāĻĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§। Verb āĻাā§া āĻোāĻ¨ sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§।
The verb is an important part of speech. Without the verb, no sentence can be formed. It shows a physical or mental action.
Example:
- We play football.
- She writes a letter.
- He gave me a glass of water.
There are many types of verbs.
Some are discussed below:
1. Finite verb
2. Non-finite verb
3. Action verb
4. Auxiliary verb
5. Linking verb
Action verbs are two types:
Finite Verb:
Finite Verb āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ verb āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে subject āĻāĻ° number āĻāĻŦং person āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ verb āĻāĻ° form āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§।
A Finite verb can come as the main verb in a sentence, and it changes according to the tenses of the action and the number and person of the subject.
Example: Arif works in a bank.
Non-finite Verb:
Non-finite verb āĻāĻāĻ¨ো main verb āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া। Non-finite verb āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ adjective āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা adverb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ¨ā§।
Non-finite verbs can’t be main verbs.
Example: Coming home, I saw the man running away.
There are three types of non-finite verbs.
- Infinitives: to do, to eat, to drink, to dance
- Participles: doing, done, eating, eaten, drinking, drunk
- Gerunds: walking, swimming, running
Action verb:
Action verb, Subject āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻāĻে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে। āĻ¯েāĻোāĻ¨ āĻাāĻāĻেāĻ action verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāĻ¨া āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§।
Action verbs express actions. They complete the sentence and describe the subject’s action.
Example:
- I’ll do my work.
- She watches TV.
Action verbs are of two types.
Transitive Verb:
Transitive verb āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻি direct object āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻāĻ°ে। Direct object āĻ¨া āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ে āĻ¯ে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻি āĻ āĻ¸ুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšā§, āĻ¸েāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে transitive verb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§।
Example:
- He is watching (āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে, āĻেāĻ˛িāĻিāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻি direct object. āĻāĻি āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¸ুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻ¨।)
- I saw a (āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে, Tiger āĻāĻāĻি object.)
Intransitive Verb:
Intransitive verb āĻāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ object āĻĒ্āĻ°ā§োāĻāĻ¨ āĻšā§ āĻ¨া। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।
They don’t have a direct object.
Example:
- He reached.
- He goes to school.
Linking verbs:
Linking verb āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ verb āĻে āĻŦুāĻাā§ āĻ¯েāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻোāĻ¨ āĻাāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ°ং subject āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻি āĻ ংāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¯োāĻাāĻ¯োāĻ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤, Be verb āĻুāĻ˛ো āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ main verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻুāĻ˛োāĻে Linking Verbs āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§।
Linking Verbs can behave both either main verbs or auxiliary verbs. They do not refer to actions, but represent a state of being, need, opinion, desire or senses. For example, be verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had….) are the example of no-action verbs. Smell, look, taste, sound, etc. are also called no-action verbs.
Example:
- He is a teacher.
- They have three children.
Auxiliary Verb:
Auxiliary Verb āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯āĻাāĻ°ী verb। āĻ¤াāĻ°া present participle āĻāĻŦং past participle āĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛েāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻāĻ°āĻŖāĻāĻ¤ āĻĻিāĻ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻŖ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āĻ°ā§েāĻে।
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. It helps another verb to form its mood, voice, tense, etc. They don’t have any meaning on their own, but they are very important to make the grammatical structure of the sentences. They help the main verbs.
They are two types:
Primary auxiliary:
Have, Do, and Be are known as primary auxiliaries.
Have
Have, has, had, having, had not .
Example: He has bought a new car. (āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে has āĻāĻāĻি auxiliary verb)
Do
Do, does, done, to do, did, did not, does not, etc.
Example: He does not keep his work for tomorrow.
Be
Am, is, are, was, were, be, to be, been, was not, were not, etc.
Example: He is watching the tournament.
Modal Auxiliary:
Modal Auxiliary āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻ˛ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨāĻে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻ°াāĻ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯āĻাāĻ°ী verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦেāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§।
A modal auxiliary modifies the meaning of the main verb in some way. Shall, should, can, could, may, might, ought, ought to, will, would, must, etc. are known as modal auxiliary verbs.
Example:
- She may come home tomorrow.
- You should not run in the sun.
- You can take rest now.
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