Verbs

 

Verb āĻ•াāĻ•ে  āĻŦāϞে? āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

āϝে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰা/āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•েāχ Verb āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ,come,go, eat, sleep, buy, sell, walk, run, see, play, write, give etc.

Verb āĻ•ে āχংāϰেāϜি sentence āĻāϰ āĻšৃāĻĻ⧟ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ। Verb āĻ›া⧜া āĻ•োāύ sentence āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āύ⧟।

The verb is an important part of speech. Without the verb, no sentence can be formed. It shows a physical or mental action.

Example:

  • We play football.
  • She writes a letter.
  • He gave me a glass of water.

There are many types of verbs.

Some are discussed below:


1. Finite verb

2. Non-finite verb

3. Action verb

4. Auxiliary verb

5. Linking verb

Action verbs are two types:


Transitive verb
Intransitive verb

Finite Verb:

Finite Verb āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ verb āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে subject āĻāϰ number āĻāĻŦং person āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝে āĻāχ verb āĻāϰ form āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

A Finite verb can come as the main verb in a sentence, and it changes according to the tenses of the action and the number and person of the subject.

Example: Arif works in a bank.

Non-finite Verb:

Non-finite verb āĻ•āĻ–āύো main verb āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা। Non-finite verb āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ adjective āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা adverb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āύ⧟।      

Non-finite verbs can’t be main verbs.  

Example: Coming home, I saw the man running away.

There are three types of non-finite verbs.

  • Infinitives: to do, to eat, to drink, to dance
  • Participles: doing, done, eating, eaten, drinking, drunk
  • Gerunds: walking, swimming, running

Action verb:

Action verb, Subject āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•ে āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰে। āϝেāĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜāĻ•েāχ action verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟।

Action verbs express actions. They complete the sentence and describe the subject’s action.

Example:

  • I’ll do my work.
  • She watches TV.

Action verbs are of two types.

Transitive Verb:

Transitive verb āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āϟি direct object āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰে। Direct object āύা āφāϏāϞে āϝে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟি āĻ…āϏুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āύ āĻŽāύে āĻšā§Ÿ, āϏেāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে transitive verb āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • He is watching (āĻāĻ–াāύে, āϟেāϞিāĻ­িāĻļāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি direct object. āĻāϟি āĻ›া⧜া āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ…āϏুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āύ।)
  • I saw a (āĻāĻ–াāύে, Tiger āĻāĻ•āϟি object.)

Intransitive Verb:

Intransitive verb āĻāϰ āĻ•োāύ object āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āϤাāϰা āύিāϜে āύিāϜেāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।   

They don’t have a direct object.

Example:

  • He reached.
  • He goes to school.

Linking verbs:

Linking verb āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ“āχ āϏāĻ•āϞ verb āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϝেāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻ•āϰে āύা āĻŦāϰং subject āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰে। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ, Be verb āĻ—ুāϞো āϝāĻ–āύ main verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Linking Verbs āĻŦāϞা āϝা⧟।

Linking Verbs can behave both either main verbs or auxiliary verbs. They do not refer to actions, but represent a state of being, need, opiniondesire or senses. For example, be verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had….) are the example of no-action verbs. Smell, look, taste, sound, etc. are also called no-action verbs.

Example:

  • He is a teacher.
  • They have three children.

Auxiliary Verb:

Auxiliary Verb āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝāĻ•াāϰী verb। āϤাāϰা present participle āĻāĻŦং past participle āĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে। āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϰāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻ—āĻ āĻŖ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāύে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে।

Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. It helps another verb to form its mood, voice, tense, etc. They don’t have any meaning on their own, but they are very important to make the grammatical structure of the sentences. They help the main verbs.

They are two types:

Primary auxiliary:

Have, Do, and Be are known as primary auxiliaries.

Have

Have, has, had, having, had not .

Example: He has bought a new car. (āĻāĻ–াāύে has āĻāĻ•āϟি auxiliary verb)

Do

Do, does, done, to do, did, did not, does not, etc.

Example: He does not keep his work for tomorrow.

Be

Am, is, are, was, were, be, to be, been, was not, were not, etc.

Example: He is watching the tournament.

Modal Auxiliary āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŽুāϞ verb āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰাāĻ“ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝāĻ•াāϰী verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦেāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 

modal auxiliary modifies the meaning of the main verb in some way. Shall, should, can, could, may, might, ought, ought to, will, would, must, etc. are known as modal auxiliary verbs.

Example:

  • She may come home tomorrow.
  • You should not run in the sun.
  • You can take rest now.

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