Verbs

 

Verb āĻ•াāĻ•ে  āĻŦāĻ˛ে? āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

āĻ¯ে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°া/āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•েāĻ‡ Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨,come,go, eat, sleep, buy, sell, walk, run, see, play, write, give etc.

Verb āĻ•ে āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি sentence āĻāĻ° āĻšৃāĻĻā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ। Verb āĻ›াā§œা āĻ•োāĻ¨ sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ।

The verb is an important part of speech. Without the verb, no sentence can be formed. It shows a physical or mental action.

Example:

  • We play football.
  • She writes a letter.
  • He gave me a glass of water.

There are many types of verbs.

Some are discussed below:


1. Finite verb

2. Non-finite verb

3. Action verb

4. Auxiliary verb

5. Linking verb

Action verbs are two types:


Transitive verb
Intransitive verb

Finite Verb:

Finite Verb āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ verb āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে subject āĻāĻ° number āĻāĻŦং person āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ‡ verb āĻāĻ° form āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

A Finite verb can come as the main verb in a sentence, and it changes according to the tenses of the action and the number and person of the subject.

Example: Arif works in a bank.

Non-finite Verb:

Non-finite verb āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো main verb āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া। Non-finite verb āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ adjective āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা adverb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ¨ā§Ÿ।      

Non-finite verbs can’t be main verbs.  

Example: Coming home, I saw the man running away.

There are three types of non-finite verbs.

  • Infinitives: to do, to eat, to drink, to dance
  • Participles: doing, done, eating, eaten, drinking, drunk
  • Gerunds: walking, swimming, running

Action verb:

Action verb, Subject āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻœāĻ•েāĻ‡ action verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।

Action verbs express actions. They complete the sentence and describe the subject’s action.

Example:

  • I’ll do my work.
  • She watches TV.

Action verbs are of two types.

Transitive Verb:

Transitive verb āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি direct object āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āĻ°ে। Direct object āĻ¨া āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ে āĻ¯ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯āĻŸি āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে transitive verb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • He is watching (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে, āĻŸেāĻ˛িāĻ­িāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি direct object. āĻāĻŸি āĻ›াā§œা āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻ¨।)
  • I saw a (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে, Tiger āĻāĻ•āĻŸি object.)

Intransitive Verb:

Intransitive verb āĻāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ object āĻĒ্āĻ°ā§ŸোāĻœāĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¨া। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻœে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।   

They don’t have a direct object.

Example:

  • He reached.
  • He goes to school.

Linking verbs:

Linking verb āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ“āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ verb āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¯েāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ°ং subject āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¯োāĻ—াāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤, Be verb āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ main verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে Linking Verbs āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।

Linking Verbs can behave both either main verbs or auxiliary verbs. They do not refer to actions, but represent a state of being, need, opiniondesire or senses. For example, be verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had….) are the example of no-action verbs. Smell, look, taste, sound, etc. are also called no-action verbs.

Example:

  • He is a teacher.
  • They have three children.

Auxiliary Verb:

Auxiliary Verb āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°ী verb। āĻ¤াāĻ°া present participle āĻāĻŦং past participle āĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ—āĻ āĻŖ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ°ā§ŸেāĻ›ে।

Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. It helps another verb to form its mood, voice, tense, etc. They don’t have any meaning on their own, but they are very important to make the grammatical structure of the sentences. They help the main verbs.

They are two types:

Primary auxiliary:

Have, Do, and Be are known as primary auxiliaries.

Have

Have, has, had, having, had not .

Example: He has bought a new car. (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে has āĻāĻ•āĻŸি auxiliary verb)

Do

Do, does, done, to do, did, did not, does not, etc.

Example: He does not keep his work for tomorrow.

Be

Am, is, are, was, were, be, to be, been, was not, were not, etc.

Example: He is watching the tournament.

Modal Auxiliary āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŽুāĻ˛ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻ°াāĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°ী verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 

modal auxiliary modifies the meaning of the main verb in some way. Shall, should, can, could, may, might, ought, ought to, will, would, must, etc. are known as modal auxiliary verbs.

Example:

  • She may come home tomorrow.
  • You should not run in the sun.
  • You can take rest now.

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