đClause āĻাāĻে āĻŦāϞে? Clause āĻāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āĻ āĻী āĻী?
Clause āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻিāĻু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āϝেāĻাāύে āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻ āĻāĻāĻি finite verb (āϏāĻŽাāĻĒিāĻা āĻ্āϰিā§া) āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ্āϝ āĻŦা āĻāĻš্āϝ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাā§ āĻĨাāĻে।(Phrase āĻ finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāύা)।
Clause ā§Š āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ।
ā§§) Principal Clause or Independent Clause :
āĻāĻি āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ āϝা āύিāĻেāĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āϝে Clause āϤাāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻোāύ Clause āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰāĻļীāϞ āύ⧠āϤাāĻে Principal Clause āĻŦāϞে। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি Principal Clause āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻি Simple Sentence. āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ Clause āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻে Compound Sentence āĻŦা Complex Sentence āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ āϤাāϰা āύিāĻেāĻ Simple Sentence āĻāĻ āĻŖ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āύিāĻেāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ- I know the man who helped you. āĻāĻাāύে I know the man āĻšāĻ্āĻে Principal Clause āĻāĻে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϰāϞেāĻ āύিāĻে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
(⧍) Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause:
āĻāĻি āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ āϝা āĻ āύ্āϝ Clause āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰāĻļীāϞ।Complex Sentence āĻāĻ āύেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϝে āĻāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ Clause, Principal Clause āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§ āϏেāĻা Subordinate Clause. āĻāϏāĻŦ Subordinate Clause āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ Principal Clause āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰāĻļীāϞ।
āϝেāĻŽāύঃ- The boy came here when he was ten.
When he was ten āĻšāĻ্āĻে Subordinate Clause āĻāĻাāĻে Simple Sentence āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ Principal Clause āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āĻŖ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা āĻāĻŦং āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা।
Subordinators: Complex Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āϝে word āĻĨাāĻে āϏেāĻুāϞোāĻে subordinator āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ after, although, as, because, before, for, how, if, in case, in order that, lest, once, since, that, though, till, unless, untill, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whereupon, which, while, whilst, who, whoever, whom, whose.
Subordinate Clause ā§Š āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ।
a) Noun Clause: āϝেāϏāĻŦ Subordinate Clause, complex sentence āĻāϰ āĻিāϤāϰ noun āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে noun clause āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ- We do not know when she will arrive.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻāϰুāύ- āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻি āĻাāύিāύা? āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦে- āĻāĻāύ āϏে āĻĒৌāĻাāĻŦে?
Noun Clause āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ who, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, that, whether, if āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§।
That he can speak English was mistry to me.
It is incredible how fast he can run.
I think that he is an honest man.
She took what he needed.
I am not satisfied with what he gives me.
I am not sure what he has done.
b) Adjective Clause or relative Clause: āϝেāϏāĻŦ Subordinate clause āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি Sentence āĻে āĻিংāĻŦা Principal Clause āĻāϰ āĻোāύ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻে qualify āĻāϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে Adjective Clause āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ-
The boy who came here is my friend. āĻāĻি noun āĻে qualify āĻāϰāĻে।
He walks in the morning, which is good for health.
Tell me the place where he lives.
I know the way how he did it.
Something which was bright like a star was moving across the sky.
The gallery which holds only five hundred people was crowded.
That is the man whose wife is an actress.
This is the boy who broke one of the windows.
Noun clause āĻ antecedent āĻĨাāĻে āύা āĻāϰ Adjective clause āĻ antecedent āĻĨাāĻে।
c) Adverb or Adverbial clause : āĻāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে verb, adjective āĻŦা āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻোāύ adverb āĻে modify āĻāϰে। āĻāĻি āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤঃ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āϏāĻŽā§, āĻাāϰāĻŖ, āĻĢāϞ, āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ, āϧāϰāύ, āϤুāϞāύা, āĻļāϰ্āϤ āĻŦা āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻŦোāĻাā§। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ-
Father came when I started for Sirajganj.
You may go where you like.
I am so tired that i can not walk.
I shall help if you come here.
We read that we learn.
Strike while the iron is hot.
It is many days since i saw you last.
The doctor came after the patient had died.
If you find the pen, i shall give it to you.
He came to my house when i was at home.
Though i am his neighbour, he did not help me.
(ā§Š) Co-ordinate Clause:
āĻāĻি āϏংāϝোāĻāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ। āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ Principal Clause āϝāĻāύ āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§āĻাāϰী āĻ āĻŦ্āϝ⧠āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻāĻি Compound Sentence āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা, āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻā§েāϰ āĻ āϧিāĻ subordinate clause āϝāĻāύ āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§āĻাāϰী āĻ āĻŦ্āϝ⧠āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻāĻি Principal Clause āĻে āϏাāĻĨে āύিā§ে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰে āϤāĻāύ āϤাāĻে āĻāĻŽāϰা Co-ordinate Clause āĻŦāϞি। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ-
I went there and found him ill.
Co-ordinate Clause āĻ āϝে āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§āĻাāϰী āĻ āĻŦ্āϝ⧠āĻĨাāĻে āϏেāĻুāϞো āĻšāĻ্āĻে- and, but, so, or, yet, otherwise, not only---but also, either--or, neither--nor, nor.
He threw the stone but missed the dog.
āĻŦিঃ āĻĻ্āϰঃ āĻĻুāĻি āϏāĻšāϧāϰ্āĻŽী āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļāĻে and āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰা āĻšā§ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤāϧāϰ্āĻŽী āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļāĻে but āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰা āĻšā§।
You may turn either to the left or to the right.
You may accept the offer or refuse.
Prepared by Noor E Alam
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