Clause



📘Clause āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? Clause āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ী āĻ•ী?

Clause āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি subject āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি finite verb (āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āĻ°িā§Ÿা) āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦা āĻ‰āĻš্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।(Phrase āĻ finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāĻ¨া)।

Clause ā§Š āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। 


ā§§) Principal Clause or Independent Clause :

āĻāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļ āĻ¯া āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ¯ে Clause āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•োāĻ¨ Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ°āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Principal Clause āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি  Principal Clause āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Simple Sentence.  āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° Clause āĻ¸āĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে Compound Sentence āĻŦা  Complex Sentence āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ Simple Sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ- I know the man who helped you. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে  I know the man  āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Principal Clause āĻāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¨িāĻœে āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।


(ā§¨) Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause:

āĻāĻŸি āĻ…āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļ āĻ¯া āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ°āĻļীāĻ˛।Complex Sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• Clause, Principal Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¸েāĻŸা  Subordinate Clause. āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ Subordinate Clause āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Principal Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ°āĻļীāĻ˛।

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ- The boy came here when he was ten.

When he was ten āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Subordinate Clause āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে Simple Sentence āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ Principal Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ›াā§œা āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া।

Subordinators: Complex Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻ¯ে word āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে subordinator āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ after, although, as, because, before, for, how, if, in case, in order that, lest, once, since, that, though, till, unless, untill, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whereupon, which, while, whilst, who, whoever, whom, whose.

Subordinate Clause ā§Š āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°।

a) Noun Clause: āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ Subordinate Clause, complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ°  noun āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে noun clause āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ- We do not know when she will arrive.

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨- āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•ি āĻœাāĻ¨িāĻ¨া? āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻŦে- āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ে āĻĒৌāĻ›াāĻŦে?

Noun Clause āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ who, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, that, whether, if āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšā§Ÿ।

That he can speak English was mistry to me.


It is incredible how fast he can run.

I think that he is an honest man.

She took what he needed.

I am not satisfied with what he gives me.

I am not sure what he has done.


b) Adjective Clause or relative Clause: āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ Subordinate clause āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Sentence āĻ•ে āĻ•িংāĻŦা Principal Clause āĻāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে  Adjective Clause āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ-

The boy who came here is my friend.  āĻāĻŸি noun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে।


He walks in the morning, which is good for health.


Tell me the place where he lives.


I know the way how he did it.


Something which was bright like a star was moving across the sky.


The gallery which holds only five hundred people was crowded.


That is the man whose  wife is an actress.


This is the boy who broke one of the windows.


Noun clause āĻ antecedent āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া āĻ†āĻ° Adjective clause āĻ antecedent āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


c) Adverb or Adverbial clause : āĻāĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে verb,  adjective āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•োāĻ¨ adverb āĻ•ে modify āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ঃ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻĢāĻ˛, āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ, āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨, āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া, āĻļāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻŦা āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ-

Father came when I started for Sirajganj.

You may go where you like.

I am so tired that i can not walk.

I shall help if you come here.

We read that we learn.

Strike while the iron is hot.

It is many days since i saw you last.

The doctor came after the patient had died.

If you find the pen, i shall give it to you.

He came to my house when i was at home.

Though i am his neighbour, he did not help me.



(ā§Š) Co-ordinate Clause:

āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸ংāĻ¯োāĻ—āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļ। āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• Principal Clause āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻŦā§ŸāĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Compound Sentence āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা, āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻ‡ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ• subordinate clause āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻŦā§ŸāĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Principal Clause  āĻ•ে āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া Co-ordinate Clause āĻŦāĻ˛ি। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ-

I went there and found him ill.

Co-ordinate Clause āĻ āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻŦā§ŸāĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে- and, but, so, or, yet, otherwise, not only---but also, either--or, neither--nor, nor.

He threw the stone but missed the dog.

āĻŦিঃ āĻĻ্āĻ°ঃ āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻšāĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽী āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻ•ে and āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ¤āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽী āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻ•ে but āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

You may turn either to the left or to the right.

You may accept the offer or refuse.


Prepared by Noor E Alam

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