Sentence sheet

 

Sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

Definition:  āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦোāϧāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝāĻĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āϤāĻ–āύ āϐ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϟিāĻ•ে Sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦāϞে। āφāĻŦাāϰ, āĻĒাāĻļা āĻĒাāĻļি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦোāϧāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āφāĻ›ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻ›ে āύা āĻāĻŽāύ āĻšāϞে Sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦāϞা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āύিāϚে āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻ—ুāϞো āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰুāύ। 

Example:

Correct: We speak English everyday. (Here We is subject, speak is verb, English is object and everyday is an adverb)

Incorrect:  I pen a have ( I āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āφāĻŽি, Pen āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ•āϞāĻŽ, a āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻāĻŦং have āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āφāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦোāϧāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“ āχংāϰেāϜিāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύāϰীāϤি āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āύা āĻĒাāϰা⧟ āĻāϟাāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ/Sentence āĻŦāϞা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। )

Generally, there are two parts of a sentence: (āĻāĻ•āϟি Sentence āĻ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĨাāĻ•ে- Subject & Predicate)

Subject and predicate āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Subject: āĻ•োāύ Sentence-āĻ āϝে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻ•োāύāĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϞা āĻŦা āϞিāĻ–া āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Subject āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻŦāϞে । In other words, āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āϝে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Subject āĻŦāϞে। A Subject of a sentence is a person or thing about which something is said or written. 

Predicate: āĻ•োāύ Sentence-āĻ subject āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϝা āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻ•ে Predicate āĻŦāϞে । And the Predicate that says what the Subject does. 

In the above example ‘I’ is the subject and ‘speak English everyday’ is Predicate. A sentence usually starts with a subject and predicate comes.

Sentence āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻঃ

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে sentence āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ?

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āχংāϰেāϜিāϤে Sentence āĻ•ে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟। Sentences can be classified into five categories, according to their meaning. 

They are:

  1. Assertive Sentence.( Declarative)
  2. Interrogative Sentence.
  3. Imperative Sentence.
  4. Optative Sentence.
  5. Exclamatory Sentence.

Assertive sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Assertive Sentence: āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ•ে Assertive Sentence (āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤি āĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ) āĻŦāϞে | An assertive sentence is a simple/general statement or assertion, it may be either affirmative or negative.

StructureSubject + Verb + Object/Complement/Adverb/Adjective

Example:

  • He is an intelligent boy. (Affirmative)
  • They are not always happy. (Negative)
  • Everybody should know English. (Modal auxiliaries)

Interrogative sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Interrogative Sentence: āϝে Sentence āĻĻি⧟ে āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻŦা  āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϜিāϜ্āĻžেāϏ āĻ•āϰা āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Interrogative Sentence āĻŦāϞে। An interrogative sentence asks questions about a person or thing(s). It always ends with a note of interrogation question mark (?).

There are two basic ways to form an interrogative sentence.

  1. Beginning with Auxiliary verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, etc.).

StructureAuxiliary Verb+ Subject+ Verb Extension+ ?

Example:

  • Do you study in university?
  • Does he speak English?
  • Did she drive a car?
  • Should I go with you?
  • Can you hear the sound?
  • Don’t you like the dress? (Negative)

2. Beginning with some specific words like who, which, what, when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many, etc. [These words are specially known as ‘WH’ questions.]

Example:

  • How is your life going on?
  • Who fixed the broken door?
  • Whom do you like most in your family?
  • What are you expecting from the training?
  • What is the time now?
  • How much money do you need to study abroad?

Imperative sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Imperative Sentence: āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϝে sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āφāĻĻেāĻļ, āωāĻĒāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦা āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Imperative Sentence āĻŦāϞে (Imperative sentence āĻāϰ Subject āωāĻš্āϝ āĻĨাāĻ•ে) | A sentence that expresses a request, command, order, advice, suggestion, etc. is an imperative sentence.

StructureSubject (Invisible-āωāĻš্āϝ) + Verb + Extension

Examples:

  • Study attentively.
  • Give me some water.
  • Do it right now.
  • Be honest and truthful.
  • Come here
  • Speak the truth.
  • Never tell a lie.
  • Do not laugh at others.
  • Let me do I want.

Optative sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Optative Sentence: āϝে sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āχāϚ্āĻ›া, āφāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώা āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Optative Sentence āĻŦāϞে |

StructureMay + Subject + Verb + Extension

Example:

  • May Allah bless you.
  • May You be happy.
  • May you prosper in your life.
  • May you live long.
  • Long live Bangladesh. (Can also be formed without ‘may’).

Exclamatory sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

Exclamatory Sentence: āϝে sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āφāĻ•āϏ্āĻŽিāĻ• āφāύāύ্āĻĻ-āĻŦেāĻĻāύা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Exclamatory Sentence āĻŦāϞে | 

Structure: Alas/ Hurrah/ Bravo/ What/ How etc. + Others

Example:

  • Hurrah! We have won the game.
  • Alas! He is no more.
  • Hurrah! Our cricket team has won the series.
  • Bravo! You have done a great job.
  • What a talented boy he is!
  • How sweetly the cuckoo sings!
  • What a wonderful country Bangladesh is!
  • Were I a Super Hero!
  • What a pity!
  • Fantastic!
  • What a nice idea!
  • Put that down now!

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে Sentence āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ?

Structure āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে Sentence āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ | 

They are:

  1. Simple Sentence
  2. Complex Sentence &
  3. Compound Sentence.

Simple sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

āϝে sentence-āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ subject āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ finite verb (āϏāĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻ•ে simple sentence āĻŦāϞে |

Example:

The boys play football. āĻ sentence-āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ subject “The boys” āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ finite verb “play football.

Complex Sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

āϝে sentence-āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি Principal Clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Subordinate Clause āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻ•ে Complex Sentence āĻŦāϞে |

Example: 

  1. Although he is rich, he is not happy.
  2. I know that he would help me.

āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence-āĻ”Although he is rich” – Subordinate Clause āĻāĻŦং “he is not happy”-Principal Clause. āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় Sentence-āĻ “I know”-Principal Clause āĻāĻŦং”that he would help me”– Subordinate Clause. āĻ…āϤāĻāĻŦ Sentence āĻĻুāϟি Complex Sentence.

Subordinate Clause āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো? Complex Sentence āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো?

Subordinate Clause/Complex Sentence āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো?

Well, Subordinate Clause āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, which, who, where, how, before, after, whether, while āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি word/connectors āĻŦāϏে| 

N.B: āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻ•োāύ Clause-āĻ āĻāχ word/connectors āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏেāϟি Subordinate Clause āĻāĻŦং āϝে Sentence-āĻ Subordinate Clause āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āϏেāϟা Complex Sentence. Take it easy bro………

Compound Sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে?

āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύ Sentence-āĻ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Principal Clause and, but, or, yet, and, so, and so, therefore āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি Co-ordinating Conjunction āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Compound Sentence āĻŦāϞে|

Examples:

  1. He is meritorious but he could not get a job.
  2. Read or you will fail.
  3. I went there and found him reading

N.B: and āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ•্āϤ Compound Sentence āĻāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় Subject (i)āϟি āωāĻš্āϝ āĻĨাāĻ•ে | (āωāĻ­āϝ় Clause-āĻ Subject āĻāĻ•-āχ āĻšāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে) 

Co-ordinating Conjunction  āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো? / Compound Sentence āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো?

Co-ordinating Conjunction/Clause/Compound Sentence āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāύāĻŦো?

Co-ordinating Conjunction: (and, but, or, yet, and, so, and so, thereforeāϤাāϰ āĻŽাāύে, āĻ•োāύ Sentence-āĻ āĻāχ Co-ordinating Conjunction āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϏেāϟি Compound Sentence āĻšāĻŦে।

 Prepared by: Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka
Rifles Public School & College
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan
& South Point School, English Version.
IELTS instructor
Cell: 01750044274

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