Right form of verb for printing

What is right form of verb?

কোন sentence-এর verb বা verb গুলোর সঠিক রুপ (form) কি হবে, তা যে রুলস (rules) বা নিয়মের মাধ্যমে জানা যায়, সে নিয়মগুলোকেই সাধারণভাবে right form of verb বলে।

আমাদের স্কুল কলেজের ইংরেজি পরীক্ষায় কোন বাক্যের একটি verb-কে bracket-এর মধ্যে রেখে তার সঠিক রুপ কি হবে, তা bracket উঠিয়ে দিয়ে সঠিক রুপসহ পূর্ণ বাক্য লিখতে বলা হয়। এরই আলোকে নিম্নে right form of verb বিষয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ন কয়েকটি রুলস, যা সাধারনত: পরীক্ষায় আসে, তা নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হলো। কারন right form of verb-কে ভালভাবে জানার জন্য প্রায় সকল grammatical rules গুলি জানতে হয়।

Right Form of Verbs: (সকল নিয়ম উদাহরণসহ)

Rule-1

Subject যদি third person singular number হয় এবং উক্ত বাক্যটি যদি Present indefinite tense হয় তবে verb- এর সহিত s/es/ies যোগ হবে।

(a) The girl (go) to school regularly.

Ans. The girl goes to school regularly.

Rule-2

Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should .. তথা modal এর পরে verb- এর সহিত s/es/ies যোগ হবে না।

(a) The man can (do) the work.

Ans. The man can do the work.

(b) She must (come) to her office in time.

Rule-3

Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম), repeated action ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

(a) The earth (move) round the sun.

= The earth moves round the sun.

(b) Everyday she (walk) to keep herself fit.

= Everyday she walks to keep herself fit.

Rule-4

যেসব Sentence-এ কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এবং মাঝেমধ্যে generally, usually, ordinarily, normally, always, Sometimes, Often, daily, everyday, regularly ব্যবহ্নত হয় সেগুলো Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

(a) He usually (get up) early in the morning. 

=He usually gets up early in the morning.

Rule-5

Sentence টি Active Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে present form হয়। যেমন:

(a) The boy can (work out) the sum.

Ans. The boy can work out the sum.

(b) He could not (eat) all the mangoes.

Ans. He could not eat all the mangoes.

Rule-6

Sentenceটি Passive Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:

The work can (do) immediately.

Ans. The work can be done immediately.

Rule-7

Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন:

(a) I let the other boys (use) my skates.

Ans. I let the other boys use my skates.

(b) I had better (go) home by this time.

Ans. I had better go home by this time.

Rule-8

Have/ has/ had/ having/ to be থাকলে এর পরবর্তী Verb Past Participle হয়। যেমন:

She has (write) a letter to her mother.

Ans. She has written a letter to her mother.

I have (have) my meal.

Ans. I have had my meal.

She had (have) her letter.

Ans. She had had her letter.

Rule-9

Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect Tense হয়।

(a) Raka (take) her dinner just now.

Ans. Raka has taken her dinner just now.

(b) I (see) him recently.

Ans. I have seen him recently.

(c) He already (reach) home.

Ans. He has already reached home.

Rule-10:

Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃতি অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ থাকলে তা Past Indefinite Tense হবে । যেমন:

(a) The boy (go) home yesterday.

Ans. The boy went home yesterday.

(b) She did not (go) to college yesterday.

Ans. She did not go to college yesterday.

(c) Did he (come) home yesterday?

Ans. Did he come home yesterday?

Rule-11

To- এর পরে Verb- এর present form হয়। যেমন:

(a) She went to New Market to (buy) a dress.

Ans. She went to New Market to buy a dress.

(b) We have come here to (see) his ailing mother.

Ans. We have come here to see his ailing mother.

Rule-12

‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাাকলে senteneটি present perfect Continuous Tense হবে। যেমন:

(a) It (rain) for two hours.

Ans. It has been raining for two hours.

(b) It (rain) since the morning.

Ans. It has been raining since the morning.

Rule13.

If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]

(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss) the train.

Ans. If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.

(b) If he works hard, he (shine) in life.

Ans. If he works hard, he will shine in life.

Rule-13

with a view to/look forward to/ addicted to/ accustomed to এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়।

(a) I went there with a view to (read) there.

Ans. I went there with a view to reading there.

(b) I am looking forward to (get) your reply.

Ans. I am looking forward to getting your reply.

Rule-14

By -এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:

(a) He expressed his grief by (say) that the thief had stolen his watch.

Ans. He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch.

(b) Answer the questions by (write) one point of information.

Ans. Answer the questions by writing one point of information.

Rule-15

in/of/for/with/before/after প্রভৃতি Peposition- এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:

(a) I don’t believe in (overload) my stomach.

Ans. I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.

(b) I had never thought of (go) there.

Ans. I had never thought of going there.

Rule-16

Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help – এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:

(a) Would you mind (give) me a pen ?

Ans. Would you mind giving me a pen ?

(b) I can not help (do) the work.

Ans. I can not help doing the work.

(c) He could not help (help) the poor.

Ans. He could not help helping the poor.

Rule-17

Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়।

(a) Would that I (go) to the moon.

Ans. Would that I could go to the moon.

(b) Would that I (be) a poet like Shelley.

Ans. Would that I could be a poet like Shelley

Rule-18

Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাকলে মূল Verb এর Past participle হয়।

(a) The thief ran away having (see) the policeman.

Ans. The thief ran away having seen the policeman.

(b) The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—.

Ans. The Principal desired the notice to be hung.

Rule-19

ব্রাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/be/ being/ been হবে

(a) Allah (be) everywhere.

Ans. Allah is everywhere.

(b) It (be) twenty years ago.

Ans. It was twenty years ago.

Rule-20

বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে Present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।

(a) Now the students (sing) the national anthem.

Ans. Now the students are singing the national anthem.

(b) The boys (watch) the television now.

Ans. The boys are watching the television now.

Rule-21

If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]

(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss) the train.

Ans. If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.

(b) If he works hard, he (shine) in life.

Ans. If he works hard, he will shine in life.

Rule-22

lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে। যেমন:

(a) If he requested me, I (go)  there.

Ans. If he requested me, I would go there.

(b) Had I much money, I (establish) a college. = Had I much money I would established a college.

Rule-23

Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।

(a) If he had invited, I (go).

Ans. If he had invited, I would have gone.

(b) If I had been a rich man, I (help) the poor.

Ans. If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.

Rule-24

Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন:

(a) I wish I (win) the first prize in the lottery.

Ans. I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.

(b) I fancy I (fly) among the stars.

Ans. I fancy I flew among the stars.

(c) It is time you (change) your bad habit.

Ans. It is time you changed your bad habit.

Rule-25

Sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ simple present tense হলে যদি as if, as though দিয়ে সংযুক্ত থাকে তবে ব্রাকেটের be এর পরিবর্তে were হয়। আর ব্রাকেটে verb এর present form থাকলে past form হয়। As if/ as though দ্বারা যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ simple past হলে পরের অংশ past perfect হয়। 

(a) He speaks as if he (be) the owner of the farm.

Ans. He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.

(b) The man speaks as though he (be) a leader.

Ans. The man speaks as though he were a leader.

(c) The man speaks as if he (know) me. = The man speaks as if he knew me.

d) He spoke as though he ( be) a mad.

He spoke as though he had been a mad.

e) He looked at me as if he ( know) me.= He looked at me as if he had known me.

Rule-26

Sentence-%, each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন:

(a) Every mother (love) her child.

Ans. Every mother loves her child.

(b) One of the students (be) very brilliant.

Ans. One of the students is/was very brilliant.

Rule-27

While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।

(a) While (walk) in the garden, a snake bit him.

Ans. While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

(b) While he (walk) in the garden, a snake bit him.

Ans. While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.

(c) While it (rain), I was going to college.

Ans. While it was raining, I was going to college.

Rule-28

একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।

(a) Previously fifty miles (be) a long way.

Ans. Previously fifty miles was a long way.

(b) Twenty miles (be) not a great distance now a days.

Ans. Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.

Rule-29

Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।

(a) He said that he (go) home the next day.

Ans. He said that he would go home the next day.

(b) He told that he (come) here the next year.

Ans. He told that he would come here the next year.

Rule-30

After এর পরে এবং before এর পূর্বের clauseটি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clauseটি past indefinite tense হয়।

(a) The doctor (come) before the patient came.

Ans. The doctor had come before the patient came.

(b) The doctor came after the patient (die).

Ans. The doctor came after the patient had died.

Rule-31

Sentenceটি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে।

(a) English (speak) all over the world.

Ans. English is spoken all over the world.

(b) English (speak) by the English.

Ans. English is spoken by the English.

(c) He has (expel)__from the examination hall.

Ans. He has been expelled from the examination hall.

Rule-32

কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এ হবে এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে।

(a) The man was so ill that he (will) not be able to attend the meeting.

Ans. The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting.

(b) I knew that he (will not come) to me for his personal purpose.

Ans. I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.

Rule 33: Lest দ্বারা sentence যুক্ত থাকলে lest এর পরবর্তী অংশে Subject + should + V1 হবে

Walk fast lest you (miss) the train.

= Walk fast lest you should miss the train.

Rule 34: Present Indefinite or Present perfect tense + since + Past Indefinite tense.

 It is many years since I came to Dhaka.

 Many years have passed since I met her.

RULE 35: Past Indefinite tense + since + Past perfect tense.

 Many years passed since I had seen her last.

Rule 36. Beginning of the sentence- verb + ing or to + v1 (gerund, infinitive)

 Rising early is a good habit.

 Sleeping is necessary to life.

 To take drugs leads a man to death.

 Rule 36: No sooner had….than,

 Scarcely had…..when,

 hardly had…before/when.

 No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away. 

Rule 37. As soon as + subject + V2 + extension, Sub+ V2 + extension

As soon he saw the police, he ran away.

Rule 37: ( Feel, love, hear, like, hate, see, forget, consist, seem, sound, smell, believe, know, wish, doubt, prefer, imagine, fear, taste, astonish, please, understand) they are used in present Indefinite tense not in continuous tense.

 I see the bird. I hear news. I forget everything.

Rule 38 : (people, spectacles, trousers, scissors, benches, cloths, goods, headquarters, vegetables, laws, police, cattle, folk, circumstances, gentry.) + plural verb.

 His circumstances are not good.

 People don’t eat the same food.

 Vegetables contain vitamin.

Rule 39: (who, whose, whom, which, that) follow only their before subject to choose a verb.

 It is I who am your friend.

 It is you who are my friend.

Rule 40: Prefer to + verb + ing

 Mahfuz prefers to reading newspaper.

 Sakib prefers to eating betel.

RULE 41: (ask, decide, demand, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plain, prepare, promise, remember, seem, try , want) + to

 Subha neglects to his friend.

 It seems to me false.

 We have decided to start a business.

RULE 42: (mind/worth/without/get used to/got used to/ be used to/past, can’t help, couldn’t help, would you mind) + verb + ing

 Would you mind having a cup of tea?

 He can’t help smoking.

Rule 43: ‘That’ conjunction দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে that-এর আগের clause-টি past indefinite হলে এবং that-এর পরের clause-এ যদি next + সময়, যেমন, next day, next week, next month, next year প্রভৃতির কোন একটি থাকে, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর রুপ হবে would + verb-এক নম্বর।

Example:

He said that he (buy) a house next year. – He said that he would buy a house next year.

Rule 44:

‘Since’ conjunction দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে since-এর আগের clause-টি present indefinite বা present perfect হলে এবং since-এর পরের clause-এর bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর past indefinite tense.

কিন্তু যদি since-এর আগের clause-টিই past indefinite হয় তখন since-এর পরের clause-এর bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর past perfect tense.

Example:

Many years have passed since he (retire) from his job. – Many years have passed since he retired from his job.

It is many years since I (see) you. – It is many years since I saw you.

A good many years have passed since his father (die). – A good many years have passed since his father died.

It was long since I (see) Rahima last. – It was long since I had seen Rahima last.

It was many years since we first (meet). – It was many years since we had first met.

Many years (pass) since his father died. – Many years have passed since his father died.

45. Admit, advise, appreciate, begin, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, finish, feel, feel like, like, mind, miss, practise, quit, recall, recommend, risk, stop, suggest, tolerate, understand, worth প্রভৃতি verb-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:

Would you mind (have) a cup of coffee? – Would you mind having a cup of coffee?

The doctor suggested/advised (drink) milk twice a day. – The doctor suggested drinking milk twice a day.

We enjoyed (talk) with your friend. – We enjoyed talking with your friend.

Rahi completed (write) an essay on his favorite poet. – Rahi completed writing an essay on his favorite poet.

I miss (watch) the news when I am away from home. – I miss watching the news when I am away from home.

He began (learn) English when he was five. – He began learning English when he was five.

We wouldn’t mind (wait). – We wouldn’t mind waiting.

এছাড়াও মনে রাখতে হবে যে, যে কোন verb-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ কোন verb word দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

The boys came (run) to meet us. The boys came running to meet us.

He lay (smile) at me. He lay smiling at me.

Do you like go (sing)? Do you like go singing?

Rule 46:

Approve of, be better of, can’t help, count on, get through, insist on, keep on, look forward to, object to, think about, think of প্রভৃতির পরপরই অথবা যে কোন preposition-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:

I am looking forward to (meet) you. – I am looking forward to meeting you.

I couldn’t help (go) there to meet him. – I couldn’t help going there to meet him.

He insisted on (take) a trip to India. – He insisted on taking a trip to India.

Rule 47:

Rule thirteen: Subject + verb + object-এর পর যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing. সাধারনত: যে সকল verb এই গঠন প্রনালীতে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তারা হচ্ছে see, watch, view, notice, find, observe, keep, hear, smell

Example:

They saw the man (run) away. – They saw the man running away.

I heard him (sing) a beautiful song. – I heard him singing a beautiful song.

Can you smell something (burn)? – Can you smell something burning?

Did you notice anyone (stand) at the door? – Did you notice anyone standing at the door?

I watched them (come) towards us. – I watched them coming towards us.

এছাড়া sentence-এ verb-এর পর যদি me/my, him/his, you/your ও তার পরপরই যদি bracket-এ কোন verb word দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:

I saw him/his (go) there. – I saw him/his going there.

I can’t imagine me/my (be) so stupid. – I can’t imagine me/my being so stupid.

He couldn’t bear them/their (tell) those things that way. – He couldn’t bear them/their telling those things that way.

Rule 48:

কোন sentence-এর শুরুতে যদি bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকে, এবং ঐ বাক্যে যদি আরেকটি verb থাকে তবে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে verb+ing.

Example:

(Read) a book, I shall go there. – Reading a book, I shall go there.

(Swim) is good for our health. – Swimming is good for our health.

(Get up) early in the morning is good for our health. – Getting up early in the morning is good for our health.

Rule 49:

শুধু ‘used to’-এর পর bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকলে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে verb-এর এক নম্বর। আর যদি ‘be+used to’এর পর bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকলে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে verb-এর -ing।

Example:

I used to (go) to school by bicycle. – I used to go to school by bicycle.

I am used to (go) to school by bicycle. – I am used to going to school by bicycle.

I used to (get up) early in the morning. – I used to get up early in the morning.

I was used to (get up) early in the morning. – I was used to getting up early in the morning.

Rule 50:

কোন ব্যক্তি অন্য কোন ব্যক্তির মাধ্যমে তার কাজ করিয়ে নেওয়ার জন্য বা সম্পন্ন করার জন্য যে verb গুলি ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাদের causative verb বলে। এই causative verb মোট পাঁচটি। তারা হলো make, let, help, have এবং get.

Causative হিসাবে ‘make’ verb-এর ব্যবহার নিম্নরুপ:

Subject + make + someone / something + verb-এর Present form হয়।

Example:

His father made him (take) medicine. – His father made him take medicine.

He made the students (study) English regularly. – He made the students study English regularly.

The teacher always makes the students (stay) in their seats. – The teacher always makes the students stay in their seats.

The teacher had made the students (prepare) their lessons regularly. – The teacher had made the students prepare their lessons regularly.

Causative হিসাবে ‘let’ verb-এর ব্যবহার নিম্নরুপ:

Subject + let + someone / something + verb-এর Present form হয়।

Example:

His father let him (go) to school. – His father let him go to school.

Rafi let his son (swim) with his friends. – Rafi let his son swim with his friends.

They are going to let him (write) the letter. – They are going to let him write the letter.

Rule 51: Causative হিসাবে ‘help’ verb-এর ব্যবহার নিম্নরুপ:

Subject + help + someone / something + verb-এর Present form অথবা  to-verb

Example:

He is helping me (type) my article. – He is helping me type my article. Or: He is helping me to type my article.

Rahi helped Rafik (learn) English. – Rahi helped Rafi learn English. Or: Rafi helped Rahi to learn English.

Rule 52. Causative হিসাবে ‘have’ verb-এর ব্যবহার নিম্নরুপ:

Have-এর পর ব্যক্তিবাচক থাকলে: Subject + have + someone + verb-এর Present form.

Have- এর পর বস্তুবাচক থাকলে: Subject + have + something + verb-এর past participle form.

Example:

My English teacher had us (learn) new English words regularly. – My English teacher had us learn new English words regularly.

Mr. Rahi had Rafi (wash) his car. – Mr. Rahi had Rafi wash the car.

Mr. Rahi had the car (wash). – Mr. Rahi had the car washed.

Mr. Rahi wants to have his car (wash). – Mr. Rahi wants to have his car washed.

My teacher had me (attend) the competition. – My teacher had me attend the competition.

Rahim has his shirts (clean). – Rahim has his shirts cleaned.

* Causative হিসাবে ‘get’ verb-এর ব্যবহার নিম্নরুপ:

Get-এর পর ব্যক্তিবাচক থাকলে: Subject + get + someone + to-verb

Get- এর পর বস্তুবাচক থাকলে: Subject + get + something + verb-এর past participle form.

Example:

Rahi got his friend (wash) the car. – Rahi got his friend to wash the car.

Rahi got the car (wash). – Rahi got the washed.

I want to get him (paint) a picture for me. – I want to get him to paint a picture for me.

I want to get the picture (paint). – I want to get the picture painted.

Noor E Alam Sir

University of Dhaka

বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ নূর মোহাম্মদ পাবলিক স্কুল অ্যান্ড কলেজ

Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan

& South Point School, English Version.

IELTS instructor@ British Council.

Cell: 01750044274