Article sheet

 Articles (āĻĒāĻĻাāĻļ্āϰিāϤ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ•): 

Article āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে  Adjective-āĻāϰ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻ­ূāĻ•্āϤ  Determiner.

Article āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে:

āϝে word  āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ  Noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা Noun phrase  (adjective + noun) -āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে   āωāĻ•্āϤ  Noun-āϟিāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāϤা āĻŦা āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāϤা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে, āϤাāĻ•ে Article   āĻŦāϞে।  āχংāϰেāϜিāϤে Article āϤিāύāϟি।  āϤাāϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে: a,  an  āĻāĻŦং   the.

Article āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

Article āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ:  1. Indefinite Article     2. Definite Article

Indefinite Article:

Indefinite āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ। āϝে Article āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা Noun phrase  (adjective + noun) -āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āϐ  Noun-āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āύা, āϤাāĻ•ে Indefinite Article āĻŦāϞে।

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে,  āĻ•োāύ Article āĻ িāĻ• noun -āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে Article āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ adjective āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ noun-āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

This is an apple= āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāĻĒেāϞ। [āĻāĻ–াāύে noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে  Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϞো]। āφāĻŦাāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻŦāϞি: It is a rotten apple = āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āύāώ্āϟ āφāĻĒেāϞ। [āĻāĻ–াāύে adjective + noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϞো]।

āĻāĻ–াāύে āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāύী⧟ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻāĻŦং āϤা āĻšāϞো,  āφāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻ–āύ   Indefinite Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ, āϤāĻ–āύ āϝে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦো, āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•্āώāϰেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ•āϰেāχ Indefinite Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। āϝেāĻŽāύ: āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে  an apple,  āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤি  āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে a rotten apple. āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰো;  It is a problem= āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা।   It is an unusual problem= āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা।   Indefinite Article āĻĻুāϟি। āϤাāϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে:  a  āĻāĻŦং an.

Indefinite Article-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ:

1. Singular  āĻ•োāύ Noun (āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু)  āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে  a  āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা  an āĻŦāϏে। Noun āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি  Consonant    āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞে a āĻŦāϏে, āφāϰ  āωāĻ•্āϤ Noun-āϟি āϝāĻĻি  Vowel  āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦে an āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

He is a teacher. I saw an elephant. āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে,  a boy;  a car;   a bike;   a zoo;   a dog.  āφāĻŦাāϰ  an egg;   an apple;   an idiot;  an orphan.

2. Noun āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি Consonant    āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϝāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āωāϚ্āϚাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে Vowel sound āφāϏে, āϤāĻŦে āϏেāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে a āύা  āĻŦāϏে an āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

an M.A;   an L.L.B;  an M.B.B.S, an F.R.C.S

My brother is a B.A, but my sister is an M.A. [āĻāĻ–াāύে M āĻ…āĻ•্āώāϰāϟি āωāϚ্āϚাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে Vowel ‘a’  āĻ…āĻ•্āώāϰেāϰ āύ্āϝা⧟ āωāϚ্āϚাāϰāĻŖ āϚāϞে āφāϏāĻ›ে। āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে M Consonant  āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϤাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে an āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে]।

āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে Noun āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি Vowel    āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϝāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āωāϚ্āϚাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে  āχāω (yu)  āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ“ā§Ÿা (wa)-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻ–āύ Noun-āϟিāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে an  āύা  āĻŦāϏে a  āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

  • Mobile phone is a useful device.   
  • He is a European. 
  • He was a one-time hero.   
  • That was a once in a life-time experience.
  • That is a unique scenery.
  • This is an ewe.

3. āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĒেāĻļা (Profession), āϜাāϤী⧟āϤা ( Nationality) āĻ“ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ  (Religion) āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻŖা āĻ•āϰāϤে  a / an   āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

  • My brother is a doctor.   
  • Rifat is an engineer. 
  • He is an American. 
  • He is a muslim.

4. Noun āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻ…āύুāϚ্āϚাāϰিāϤ  (Silent)  ‘H’ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে, āϏেāχ Noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে an āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: ‍

an hour;   an heir;   an honest.   He is an honest man.

5. āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļাāϰীāϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤা āĻŦা āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦāϰ্āύāĻŖা āĻ•āϰāϤে  a / an āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

  • Rahi has a cold. 
  • Fariha has a heart attack. 
  • He has a sore throat.
  • āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে, a stroke;  a tumor;  a sore throat;  a sore back;    a sore foot;    a headache;   a toothache;  a backache etc.

Definite Article:

Definite āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ। āϝে Article āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা Noun phrase  (adjective + noun) -āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āϐ  Noun-āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦুāĻা⧟, āϤাāĻ•ে Definite Article āĻŦāϞে। Definite Article āĻāĻ•āϟি, āϤা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে: the.

Definite Article-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ:

1. āĻŦাংāϞা  āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϟি, āϟা, āĻ–াāύা, āĻ–াāύি, āĻ—ুāϞি āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻļ্āϰোāϤাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ Noun-āĻāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϞাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Noun-āϟিāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

The student is reading a book= āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāϟি  āĻŦāχ āĻĒ⧜āĻ›ে। [āĻāĻ–াāύে ‘student’-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে  ’the‘ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ (particular) ’student’ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāύ্āϧে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে: The players are playing in the field. I want to read the book.

2. āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, āĻāĻŽāύ Noun-āĻ•ে āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

A man had a donkey. One day the man took the donkey to the market to sell.

3. āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĻāϞ, āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖি āĻŦা āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ি (group of people) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে Noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āĻāχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে Noun-āĻ•ে Plural āϰুāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

  • The rich-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŦ āϧāύী āϞোāĻ•। 
  • The poor are not always happy.
  • I think the rich should pay more taxes.
  • The elderly require special care.
  • He has given a lot of money to the poor.
  • They are collecting money for the blind.
  • The righteous/The religious/ The pious are happy.
  • The English is a brave nation.
  • The Canadian speaks English like the English.

āĻāχ āύি⧟āĻŽে āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāϰা āĻšāϞো:

poor,  old,  blind,  deaf,  sick,  dead,  disabled,  unemployed,  injured. āĻāχ  expression āĻ—ুāϞি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻাāχ plural. āϤাāχ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•āĻ–āύো Singular āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে  ‘A blind’ āĻ•িāĻŽ্āĻŦা    ‘An unemployed’ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦ āύা। āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে: A blind man āĻ•িāĻŽ্āĻŦা An unemployed person.

4. āχāϤāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖি āĻ“ āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āϜাāϤি (Class) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে Noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

  • The rose is a lovely flower.
  • The cow is a useful animal.

5. āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী, āφāĻ•াāĻļ, āϚāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ, āϏূāϰ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻ• āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

the earth;     the sun;    the moon āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি। The earth revolves round the sun.

6. āĻ‹āϤু (Season)  āĻŦা āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻিāĻ• āϝেāĻŽāύ: East, West, North, South-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

The spring;   The East;   The west;   The sun rises in the East and sets in the west.

7. āύāĻĻী (River),  āϏাāĻ—āϰ (Sea),  āωāĻĒāϏাāĻ—āϰ (Gulf), āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—āϰ (Ocean), āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻĒুāĻž্āϜ Group of Islands), āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤāĻļ্āϰেāĻŖি (Mountain ranges), āϜাāĻšাāϜ (Ship), superlative degree,  āĻ•্āϰāĻŽিāĻ• āϏংāĻ–্āϝা ( Ordinal number) āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

The Padma;  The Jamuna;   The Red  sea;   The Bay of Bengal; The Atlantic Ocean;   The Pacific Ocean   The Andamans;   The Himalayas;  The Rocky Mountains (āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϚূ⧜া (Mount) āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা part of the name of a mountain-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে āύা। āϝেāĻŽāύ: Mount Everest;  The Titanic, She is the third girl, He is the most handsome 

8.  āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ‘s’ / ‘es’,  Kingdom, States, Republic āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

the United Kingdom;  the United States;  the kingdom of Bhutan; the Netherlands;   the Philippines. āĻāϤāĻĻ্āĻŦāϏংāĻ—ে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, āĻļুāϧু Great Britain āĻŦ্āϝāϤীāϤ āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ   āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϝāĻĻি  āĻāĻ•েāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻে āϞিāĻ–া āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦে āϤাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে।

9. āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĒāϤ্āϰেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

The Ittefaq;   The Times;  The Washington Post. The Daily Star

10. (a) āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা (Famous building/architecture), āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ (Famous work of Art), ‍āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦা āϏংāϘ (Important Organization),   āϝাāĻĻুāϘāϰ   (Museum), āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤিāϏৌāϧ (Monument)-āĻāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

The Empire State Building;   The Taj Mahal;  The Mona Lisa;  The United Nations;  The Jatio Smirity Shoudho.

11. Superlative degree āĻ“ āϤুāϞāύা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে comparative degree āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে the āĻŦāϏে।

a) He is the best boy in our class.
b) Of the two girls she is the more beautiful.
c) The more you read, the more you learn.
d) The more, the merrier.

12. Plural noun and uncountable noun āĻāϰ āĻĒৃāϰ্āĻŦে āĻ•āĻ–āύো a, an āĻŦāϏেāύা।
The mangoes are sweet.
Milk is nutritious.

Prepared by: Noor E Alam Sir
Former student of University of Dhaka
āĻŦীāϰāĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āύূāϰ āĻŽোāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻĒাāĻŦāϞিāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•āϞেāϜ
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan, Dhaka
& South Point School, English Version
Cell: 01750044274



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