Sheet on tense
Tense (āĻাāϞ/āϏāĻŽāϝ়)
..........English for better life
Four steps to learn English accurately. They are: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. In fact, to learn English properly we must be enriched ourselves with vocabulary and their proper utilizations. To use the vocabulary accurately we must learn Tense.
Tense āĻāĻŽāϰা āύাāύাāĻাāĻŦে āĻļেāĻাāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰি āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻুāϞে āϝাāĻ।
āϏāϤ্āϝি āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻি only proper methodology of teaching can solve this problem. āĻŦাāĻ্āĻাāϞীāϤো! āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻāϞা āĻেāύে Tense āĻļেāĻা āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰা āĻāĻĸিā§ ।
āĻāϏুāύ, āϏাāĻŦāϞীāϞ āĻ āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻাāĻŦে āϤāĻĨা āϏāĻšāĻে āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻাāώা āĻļেāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻে āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻā§āύে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻাāώাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻļিāĻি!
āĻāĻŦি āĻুāϰু āϰāĻŦীāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāύাāĻĨ āĻ াāĻুāϰ āϝেāĻŽāύāĻি āĻŦāϞেāĻিāϞেāύ:
"āĻāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻাāώাāϰ āĻাঁāĻĨুāύী, āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻļেāĻাāϰ āĻĒāϤ্āϤāύ!"
Tenses
Definition of tense: Tense denotes the time of a verb.
Tense (āĻাāϞ): Tense āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻাāϞ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽā§। āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻে tense āĻŦāϞে। āϞ্āϝাāĻিāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ ‘tempus’āĻĨেāĻে tense āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāϏেāĻে। tempus āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽā§।
Tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰāĻেāĻĻ (classification of tenses):
Verb-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻ
āύুāϝাā§ী tense āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ। āϝāĻĨা:
1. Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ)
2. Past tense (āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ)
3. Future tense (āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞ)
Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ):
āϝে āĻাāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšā§ āĻŦা āĻšā§ে āĻĨাāĻে āĻŦোāĻাā§, āϤাāĻে verb-āĻāϰ present tense āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I go to school everyday. She has a nice pen.
He sometimes writes letters. Amreen draws pictures. He is a student.
Past tense (āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ):
āϝে āĻাāĻ āĻ
āϤীāϤāĻাāϞে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ āĻŦা āĻāĻেāĻিāϞ āĻŦোāĻাā§, āϤাāĻে verb-āĻāϰ past tense āĻŦা āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I went to school yesterday. He wrote a letter last week. He was a student. She had a nice pen. He drew a picture.
Future tense (āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞ):
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে, āϤাāĻে verb-āĻāϰ future tense āĻŦা āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I will buy a pen tomorrow. Munia will go to Dhaka.
They will play football etc. Ove will be a doctor in future. He will have a nice car in future.
āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻি tense-āĻে āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻাāϰ āĻাāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰা āϝাā§। āϝāĻĨা:
1. Indefinite (āĻ
āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ)
2. Continuous (āĻāϞāϤি āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা)
3. Perfect (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻŦা āĻļেāώ āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা) āĻ
4. Perfect continuous (āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšā§ে āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻা)
Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞ):
1. Present indefinite tense/ Simple present tense: āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻšā§ āĻŦা āĻšā§ে āĻĨাāĻে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present indefinite tense āĻšā§। āĻিāϰāύ্āϤāύ āϏāϤ্āϝ, āύিāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝā§, āĻ
āĻ্āϝাāϏ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤি āĻŦোāĻাāϤেāĻ present indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§। āϤāĻŦে subject (āĻāϰ্āϤা) third person singular number āĻšāϞে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে s āĻŦা es āϝোāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) We live in Bangladesh.
2) The sun rises in the east.
3) Birds fly in the sky.
4) The rose smells sweet.
5) He does not sleep by day.
6) She reads the Quran everyday.
7) He is an engineer.
8) He has a nice pet cat.
9) Kabbo loves playing.
2. Present continuous tense/ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻŦা āĻāϞāĻে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present continuous tense/ Present progressive tense āĻšāϝ়।
The action that is going on right now is known as present continuous tense
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ āύুāϏাāϰে am, is, are āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) Mother is telling a story 2) The dog is barking. 3) Subha is singing a song. 4) Tanisha is composing a poem right now.
5) Now it is not raining. 6) Amreen is dancing right now.
7) Mahi is reading a story book at this moment.
8) We are learning tenses right now.
3 Present perfect tense:
āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻļেāώ āĻšā§েāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻāύো āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻāĻে, āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present perfect tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ āύুāϏাāϰে have āĻŦা has āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I have written a letter just now.
2) Abid has already drawn a picture.
3) They have recently been to London.
4) She has not married yet.
5) Sneha has already completed her homework.
6) Nehal has made a nice toy car.
4. Present perfect continuous tense: āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻāύো āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻŦা āĻāϞāĻে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present perfect continuous tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ āύুāϏাāϰে have been āĻŦা has been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I have been reading for five hours.
2) It has been raining since morning.
3) He has been suffering from fever for seven days.
4) Rudaba has been reading since morning.
5) It has been drizzling for half an hour.
Past tense (āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞ)
1. Past indefinite tense/ Simple past: āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) He went to school yesterday.
2) He did not go to school.
3) Arian ate chocolate biscuits yesterday. 4) Did you eat rice?
4) Naomi had a nice baby doll when she was a child.
Past continuous tense/ Past progressive tense:
āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻšāĻ্āĻিāϞ āĻŦা āĻāϞāĻিāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past continuous tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ
āύুāϏাāϰে was āĻŦা were āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ:1) Sumona was singing a song.
2) The moon was shining.
3) You were learning English.
4) Puspita was not dancing.
5) The Students were not making a noise.
6) Awsaf was playing a flute.
3. Past perfect tense:
āĻ
āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻāĻিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ past perfect tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻāĻিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ past indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ had āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) The patient had died before the doctor came.
2) The train had left before we reached the station.
3) Samih reached home after the sun had set.
4) Faiza completed her homework after her mother had come.
5) Raisa had written an essay before her younger brother entered into the room.
Note: Before āĻāϰ āĻāĻেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļāĻুāĻু past perfect āĻāĻŦং after āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļāĻুāĻু past perfect tense āĻšā§।
4 Past perfect continuous tense: āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻাāϞে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻāĻি āĻিāĻু āϏāĻŽā§ āϝাāĻŦāϤ āĻāϞāĻিāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past perfect continuous tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ had been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§।
āϝāĻĨা:1) The boys had been making a noise before the class began.
2) Mahfuz had been walking before the sun set.
3) Sabrina had been doing the sums before you came.
4) It had been raining since last week.
Future tense (āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞ)
1 Future indefinite tense:
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ future indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ
āύুāϏাāϰে shall āĻŦা will āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
1) Zarif will go to Sirajganj next week.
2) Ehsas will buy a book.
3) He will not learn English.
4) Will you play football?
5) Muntaha will have a luxurious car next year
6) Akash will be a pilot.
2. Future continuous tense:
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āĻোāύো āĻাāĻ āĻিāĻু āϏāĻŽā§ āϧāϰে āĻšāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻŦা āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ future continuous tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ
āύুāϏাāϰে shall be āĻŦা will be āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
1) Shaiyan will be singing a song.
2) Subhana will be reading in the evening.
3) She will not be dancing.
4) Mahfuz will not be singing.
5) Will they be playing football?
6) Sumona will be writing an application tomorrow.
3. Future perfect tense:
āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ
āĻĒেāĻ্āώাāĻৃāϤ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻāĻিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ future perfect Tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻāĻিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ Present/future indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ number āĻ
āύুāϏাāϰে shall have āĻŦা will have āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I will have done the sum before I go to school.
2) Aajman will have done the work by this time.
3) They will have reached home before the rain sets in.
4) Rudaba will have finished the work before her mother will come.
4. Future perfect continuous tense: āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āĻাāϞে āϏংāĻāĻিāϤ āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি āĻাāĻ āĻ āĻĒāϰ āĻাāĻāĻি āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻিāĻুāĻাāϞ āϧāϰে āĻāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻাāĻāĻি future perfect continuous tense āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻাāĻāĻি Present/future indefinite tense āĻšā§।
āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ shall have been āĻŦা will have been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ āĻšā§।
āϝেāĻŽāύ:1) Suhana will have been doing the sum before he arrives.
2) She will take rest after she will have been doing the work for two hours.
3) She will have completed her homework by tomorrow.
Note: uses of shall/ shall have/ shall have been almost omitted in tense in English grammar except obligation or permission.
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