Sheet on tense

 Tense (āĻ•াāϞ/āϏāĻŽāϝ়)

        ..........English for better life
 
 
Four steps to learn English accurately. They are: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. In fact, to learn English properly we must be enriched ourselves with vocabulary and their proper utilizations. To use the vocabulary accurately we must learn Tense.
   
Tense āφāĻŽāϰা āύাāύাāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻļেāĻ–াāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰি āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻ­ুāϞে āϝাāχ।
āϏāϤ্āϝি āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻ•ি only proper methodology of teaching can solve this problem. āĻŦাāĻ™্āĻ—াāϞীāϤো! āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦাāĻ™্āĻ—āϞা āϜেāύে Tense āĻļেāĻ–া āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰা āωāĻĸিā§Ž ।
āφāϏুāύ, āϏাāĻŦāϞীāϞ āĻ“ āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤāĻĨা āϏāĻšāϜে āχংāϰেāϜি āĻ­াāώা āĻļেāĻ–াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŦাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϝāĻĨাāϝāĻĨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϚ⧟āύে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻ­াāώাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻļিāĻ–ি!
āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ—ুāϰু āϰāĻŦীāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāύাāĻĨ āĻ াāĻ•ুāϰ āϝেāĻŽāύāϟি āĻŦāϞেāĻ›িāϞেāύ:
"āφāĻ—ে āϚাāχ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώাāϰ āĻ—াঁāĻĨুāύী, āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āχংāϰেāϜি āĻļেāĻ–াāϰ āĻĒāϤ্āϤāύ!"

                       Tenses

Definition of tense: Tense denotes the time of a verb.

Tense (āĻ•াāϞ): Tense āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ•াāϞ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ। āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•ে tense āĻŦāϞে। āϞ্āϝাāϟিāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ ‘tempus’āĻĨেāĻ•ে tense āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āĻāϏেāĻ›ে। tempus āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ।

Tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ (classification of tenses):
Verb-āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী tense āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϝāĻĨা:
1. Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ)
2. Past tense (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ)
3. Future tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ)

Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ):
āϝে āĻ•াāϜ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻা⧟, āϤাāĻ•ে verb-āĻāϰ present tense āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I go to school everyday. She has a nice pen.
He sometimes writes letters. Amreen draws pictures. He is a student.

Past tense (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ):
āϝে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ…āϤীāϤāĻ•াāϞে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ āĻŦা āϘāϟেāĻ›িāϞ āĻŦোāĻা⧟, āϤাāĻ•ে verb-āĻāϰ past tense āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I went to school yesterday. He wrote a letter last week. He was a student. She had a nice pen.  He drew a picture.

Future tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ):
āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে, āϤাāĻ•ে verb-āĻāϰ future tense āĻŦা āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ āĻŦāϞে।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I will  buy a pen tomorrow. Munia will go to Dhaka.
They will play football etc. Ove will be a doctor in future. He will have a nice car in future.

āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟি tense-āĻ•ে āφāĻŦাāϰ āϚাāϰ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟। āϝāĻĨা:
1. Indefinite (āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ)
2. Continuous (āϚāϞāϤি āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা)
3. Perfect (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻŦা āĻļেāώ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা) āĻ“
4. Perfect continuous (āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšā§Ÿে āϚāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•া)

Present tense (āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ):

1. Present indefinite tense/ Simple present tense:  āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ। āϚিāϰāύ্āϤāύ āϏāϤ্āϝ, āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž, āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦোāĻাāϤেāĻ“ present indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।
āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϤāĻŦে subject (āĻ•āϰ্āϤা) third person singular number āĻšāϞে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে s āĻŦা es āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) We live in Bangladesh.
2) The sun rises in the east.
3) Birds fly in the sky.
4) The rose smells sweet.
5) He does not sleep by day.
6) She reads the Quran everyday.
7) He is an engineer.
8) He has a nice pet cat.
9) Kabbo loves playing.

2. Present continuous tense/ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻŦা āϚāϞāĻ›ে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present continuous tense/ Present progressive tense āĻšāϝ়।
The action that is going on right now is known as present continuous tense

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে am, is, are āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) Mother is telling a story 2) The dog is barking. 3) Subha is singing a song. 4) Tanisha is composing a poem right now.
5) Now it is not raining. 6) Amreen is dancing right now.
7) Mahi is reading a story book at this moment.
8) We are learning tenses right now.

3  Present perfect tense:
āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āĻāχ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻļেāώ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻ–āύো āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āφāĻ›ে, āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present perfect tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে have āĻŦা has āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I have written a letter just now.
2) Abid has already drawn a picture.
3) They have recently been to London.
4) She has not married yet.
5) Sneha has already completed her homework.
6) Nehal has made a nice toy car.

4. Present perfect continuous tense: āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ–āύো āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻŦা āϚāϞāĻ›ে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ present perfect continuous tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে have been āĻŦা has been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I have been reading for five hours.
2) It has been raining since morning.
3) He has been suffering from fever for seven days.
4) Rudaba has been reading since morning.
5) It has been drizzling for half an hour.

Past tense (āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞ)

1. Past indefinite tense/ Simple past: āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।
āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) He went to school yesterday.
2) He did not go to school.
3) Arian ate chocolate biscuits yesterday. 4) Did you eat rice?
4) Naomi had a nice baby doll when she was a child.

Past continuous tense/ Past progressive tense:
āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›িāϞ āĻŦা āϚāϞāĻ›িāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past continuous tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে was āĻŦা were āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ:1) Sumona was singing a song.
2) The moon was shining.
3) You were learning English.
4) Puspita was not dancing.
5) The Students were not making a noise.
6) Awsaf was playing a flute.

3. Past perfect tense:
āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻ•াāϜāϟিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ past perfect tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻ•াāϜāϟিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ past indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ had āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) The patient had died before the doctor came.
2) The train had left before we reached the station.
3) Samih reached home after the sun had set.
4) Faiza completed her homework after her mother had come.
5) Raisa had written an essay before her younger brother entered into the room.

Note: Before āĻāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟুāĻ•ু past perfect āĻāĻŦং after āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāϟুāĻ•ু past perfect tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

4  Past perfect continuous tense: āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϝাāĻŦāϤ āϚāϞāĻ›িāϞ āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ past perfect continuous tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ had been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ।
āϝāĻĨা:1) The boys had been making a noise before the class began.
2) Mahfuz had been walking before the sun set.
3) Sabrina had been doing the sums before you came.
4) It had been raining since last week.

Future tense (āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞ)

1  Future indefinite tense:
āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ future indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।
āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে shall āĻŦা will āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ present form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
1) Zarif will go to Sirajganj next week.
2) Ehsas will buy a book.
3) He will not learn English.
4) Will you play football?
5) Muntaha will have a luxurious car next year
6) Akash will be a pilot.

2. Future continuous tense:
āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϧāϰে āĻšāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻŦা āϚāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে verb-āĻāϰ future continuous tense āĻšā§Ÿ।
āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে shall be āĻŦা will be āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
1) Shaiyan will be singing a song.
2) Subhana will be reading in the evening.
3) She will not be dancing.
4) Mahfuz will not be singing.
5) Will they be playing football?
6) Sumona will be writing an application tomorrow.

3. Future perfect tense:
āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āώাāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻ•াāϜāϟিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ future perfect Tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻ•াāϜāϟিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ Present/future indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ person āĻ“ number āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে shall have āĻŦা will have āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।
āϝেāĻŽāύ: 1) I will have done the sum before I go to school.
2) Aajman will have done the work by this time.
3) They will have reached home before the rain sets in.
4) Rudaba will  have finished the work before her mother will come.

4. Future perfect continuous tense: āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞে āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•াāϜ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•াāϞ āϧāϰে āϚāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϞে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ•াāϜāϟি future perfect continuous tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ•াāϜāϟি Present/future indefinite tense āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞি: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ shall have been āĻŦা will have been āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ:1) Suhana will have been doing the sum before he arrives.
2) She will take rest after she will have been doing the work for two hours.
3) She will have completed her homework by tomorrow.

Note: uses of shall/ shall have/ shall have been almost omitted in tense in English grammar except obligation or permission.

Noor E Alam Sir
University of Dhaka
āĻŦীāϰāĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āύূāϰ āĻŽোāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻĒাāĻŦāϞিāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•āϞেāϜ
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan
& South Point School, English Version.
IELTS instructor@ British Council.
Cell: 01750044274

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