Flow Chart for HSC

  

HSC শিক্ষার্থীদের মধ্যে যারা Flow Chart নিয়ে সমস্যায় ভুগছো, তাদের জন্য 'HopeLand' এর পক্ষ থেকে সামান্য প্রয়াস। ইংরেজী প্রথম পত্রের এই টপিকটা যদিও এটা লেখা খুবই সহজ, কিন্তু অনেক শিক্ষার্থীই পূর্বের ক্লাসে অভিজ্ঞতা না থাকায় এটা লিখতে অনেক সময় ভুল করে থাকে। তাই আজ  থাকছে Flow Chart খুব সহজে লেখার কিছু কৌশল। যা অনুসরণ করলে তুমিও হতে পারো Flow Chart এ দারণ এক্সপার্ট।

Flow Chart লেখার জন্য নিচের নিয়মগুলো অনুসরণ করো:

১. প্রথমে একটি Title দাও।প্রদত্ত বক্সটিসহ আরো পাঁচটি বক্স তৈরি করো।

২. বক্সগুলো আয়তকার কিংবা বর্গক্ষেত্র উভয়ই হতে পারে।

৩. বক্সগুলো পাশাপাশি কিংবা উপরে নিচে উভয়ই হতে পারে।

৪. ২ টি বক্সের মাঝে তীর চিহ্ন ব্যবহার করো।

৫. প্রত‌্যেকটি বক্সের মধ্যে সংখ্যা দিয়ে সিরিয়াল বজায় রাখো।

৬. প্রত‌্যেকটি পয়েন্ট শুরুর আগে বড় হাতের অক্ষর (Capital Letters) ব্যবহার করো, যা অনেকেই ভুল করে।

৭. নিচের গঠন প্রণালী অনুযায়ী তোমার পয়েন্টগুলো শুরু করো।Flow Chart Structure

Flow Chart Structure

৮. লেখার ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখো।

৯. লেখার মধ্যে Article ও Adverb ইত্যাদি পরিহার করো।

১০. লেখার শেষে বিরাম চিহ্ন বা Punctuation Marks পরিহার করো।

Rules of Flow Chart

1. At first give a title.
2. Use 6 (six) rectangular/square boxes including the given box.
3. Boxes can be horizontal or vertical.
4. Use arrow sign between two boxes.
5. Use numeric letters serially in each box.
6. Start points with capital letters.
7. Start points according to the given box in the question. For example:

Rules	Examples
a.       Verb + ing + noun/noun phrase	Enlightening the individual, Broadening our outlook,  Ennobling our mind,  Refining our sensibility,  Learning about a society’s culture
b.       By + verb + ing + noun/noun phrase	By increasing popularity of band and pop music, By traveling by the British, By using language and music, By using the tools and objects
c.       For + verb + ing + noun/noun Phrase	For having a glorious past, For discharging tannery wastes, For discharging medical wastes, For discharging hospital wastes, For discharging household wastes, For encroaching of the river
d.       To + verb + noun/noun phrase	To tame wild animals, To ride on a Tiger, To defeat a crocodile, To protect  from wild animals, To hold a snake in his hand, To help people cultivate land
e.       Noun + of + noun Phrase	Loss of popularity of entertainment, Source of entertainment, Medium of distance education, Instrument of information, Creation of cultural assault
f.        Noun/noun Phrase	Honesty, Integrity, Courage, Responsibility, Graciousness, Gratefulness
g.       Verb + Others	Born in 1929, Given a diary in 1942, Spent from 1942 to 1944 in hiding, Wrote diary, Died in 1945, Published the diary in 1947
h.      Adverbial/preposition + noun/noun phrase	By proper planning, For higher education

8. Maintain order.
9. Writing points precisely avoiding article, adverb etc.
10. Avoid punctuation at last of each point.

 

Example

Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the specialties of Gazi Pir (One is done for you) : 2×5=5
According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sundarbans. He was credited with many miracles. For example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been performed in indigenous theatre. In fact, some Gazi paat scrolls are part of the collection of the British Museum.

The Specialties of Gazi Pir
1. Being credited with miracles
2. Could supposedly calm dangerous animal
3. Make the dangerous animal docile
4. Usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings
5. Seen as riding a fierce – looking Bengal tiger and a snake in his hand
6. Fought crocodiles

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart about the royal palace and garden of the British Crown filling in the boxes

The exterior of the King’s palace is neither magnificent nor beautiful. The outer walls are not even plastered. It could be easily passed off as the multi-stored residence of a merchant of Benares. All the mansions in the city are of this sort, but the queen’s palace is very handsome. I was old, however, that the interior of the King’s palace is very elegant, and that the suites of rooms and the chambers of the harem are painted an attractive verdigris. The King’s garden, which is outside the city, is very old. It has pleasant walls, lawns, and neatly arranged beds of various shapes- triangle, squares, hexagons and octagons. These are painted with varieties of flowers, green plants, and fruit trees such as the apple, gooseberry, peach, pear, filbert etc. The garden also uses a special method to grow Indian fruits like the muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, orange and pomegranate, and Indian flowers like the rose, henna, marigold, tuberose and the cock’s-comb flower.

Royal Palace and Garden of the British Crown

1. The King’s palace being ordinary outside but artistic inside
2. The Queen’s palace very handsome
3. The suites of rooms and the chambers of the harem painted attractive
4. The King’s garden outside the city being very old but pleasant and neatly arranged
5. The beds of the garden having various shapes
6. The garden using a special method to grow Indian fruits

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the causes of the success of Nelson Mandela.

Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. “I hate race discrimination most intensely and all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994. “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.” In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of the apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don’t call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

The Causes of Success of Nelson Mandela

1. Firm determination
2. Fight for people’s emancipation
3. Dream of a democrative and free society
4. Prestige and charisma
5. Support of the world
6. Prominent role as an advocate of human dignity

 

What Mandela did in his whole life/ The struggle of Mandela for multiracial democracy and his achievement

1. Charged with capital offences
2. Dedicated himself to struggle
3. Committed to the fulfillment of the demand of the African people
4. Fought against domination
5. Fought against apartheid
6. Cherished the ideal of democracy

 

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nelson Mandela.

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. “I hate race discrimination most intensely and all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994. “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.” In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of the apartheid.

The Activities and Achievement of Nelson Mandela

1. Guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy
2. Embodied the struggle for justice around the world
3. Fought against white minority
4. Determined to bring down apartheid
5. Become the first black president of South Africa
6. Awarded the Noble prize

 

The Purposes of Nelson Mandela

1. To establish multi-racial democracy
2. To establish justice around the world
3. To establish human dignity
4. To establish a democratic and free society
5. To live together with harmony
6. To enjoy equal opportunities

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing activities of Tereshkova

Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried ValaryBykovsyinto a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometers at one point, and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio.

 Activities of Tereshkova

1. Experienced Nausea and physical discomfort
2. Orbited the earth 48 times
3. Spent almost three days in space
4. Maintained a flight log
5. Took photographs of the horizon
6. Communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the tremendous fast advancement of human beings.

We human beings tend to forget how far we have come as a species in a relatively short period of time. It was only in the 1870s when we had the first house that was lighted with electricity. Cars just started to become available 100 years ago. Charles Lindbergh made the first trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. Televisions didn’t become widely available until after World War II. In other words, the advances humankind has made in a relatively short period of time have been nothing short of extraordinary. Perhaps just as extraordinary is how we tend to simply adapt to these incredible changes, not realizing how completely our world has been altered in a short span of time. With that in mind, it is worth looking back at some of the amazing scientific advances we have made in the last few decades.

Tremendous Fast Advancement of Human Beings

1. Use of electricity
2. Use of cars
3. Inventing Aeroplanes
4. Inventing Televisions
5. Adapting to new incredible changes
6. The world being altered in a short time
7. Making these advancements within a few decades

 

Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the five names of the uses of personal computers.

Today, we take for granted that we have one machine that allows us to access the Internet, do word processing, use a calculator, watch TV, play games and do a host of other things. But the personal computer only became available to consumers in 1974. Things really took off when Microsoft Windows was introduced in 1985 and it’s good that it was since without the prevalence of personal computers, the Internet wouldn’t have had nearly as big an impact as it has ever since.

Five Names of the Uses of Personal Computers

1. Allowing us to access the internet
2. Doing word processing
3. Using Calculators
4. Watching Television
5. Playing games
6. Enjoying music

 

The cost of Dhaka’s traffic congestion is estimated at $3.8 billion a year, and that’s just the delays and air pollution, not the less-tangible losses in quality of life. Paradoxically, the poor infrastructure is one of the reasons why the city is growing so fast. Without roads or trains to whisk them to the suburbs, Dhaka residents have no choice but to crowd into the middle, set up slums between high-rises, and walk to work.

Then there are the users of the roads. Besides pedestrians, the narrow lanes are shared by bicycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, CNGs, buses, and Cars. All these modes take up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk to in Bangladesh blame the traffic jams on the rickshaws. There are too many of them, they say, and they drive so slowly that they trap the cars, buses and CNGs behind them. The government is under pressure to designate some lanes as car-only, to build wider roads and overpasses, to take the slow traffic out from in front of the fast.

Reasons of Traffic Jam in Dhaka City

1. Improper infrastructure to the scale of population
2. Insufficient number of roads
3. Unplanned road network
4. Less traffic lights than intersections
5. Damaged traffic lights in the intersections
6. Unskilled police force to enforce traffic rules

 

The persona of a traffic policeman has always been a curious one. It has often found important space and close treatment in literature and other arts. Besides the many poems about this fascinating character, there is at least one movie where the central character is a traffic policeman. In 1963, Greek film maker Filippos Fylaktos made this film named My Brother, the Traffic Policeman. It featured a slightly manic traffic policeman, Antonis Pikrocholos, who is utterly devoted to service and duty, and applies

the traffic code with unyielding severity. Tickets rain down upon law-breakers in particular taxi driver and especially Lampros, who happens to be in love with a businessman’s daughter, Kiki, who is afraid to reveal her feelings to her father. Besides, Antonis has given lots of traffic tickets to a bus belonging to her father’s company. For all these reasons, the road to marriage for both couples is long and strewn with obstacles, but the outcome is a happy one for everyone involved.

Characteristics of Antonis Pikrocholos

1. Manic person
2. Devoted to service
3. Dedicated to duties
4. Dedicated to love
5. Strict in applying traffic rules
6. Successful in marriage

 

The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place.

A flow chart showing the history of Bengal is given below:

History of Bengal

1. Bloodshed in 1952 for mother language
2. Winning the election of 1954
3. Declaration of Martial Law to enslave the Bangalees in 1958
4. Launching of the six pointmovement in 1966
5. Boys being shot dead on 07 June
6. Ayub Khan’s falling from the power in 1969

 

The background of liberation war/The mentionable incidence from 1952-1970

1. Blood sheed in 1952
2. The victors in the elections of 1954
3. Ayub khan’s martial law declaration in 1952
4. Launching of the 6 point movement in 1966
5. Shoot our boys death on 7^th June
6. Ayub Khan’s falling from power after the movement of 1969

 

I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully aware of the events that are going on and understand their import. We have been trying to do our best to cope with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the streets of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur are awash with the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be free, the people of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights.

The demands of the people of Bengal  

1. Want to be free
2. Want to live with their rights
3. Want to draft a constitution for themselves
4. Want to build their country a new
5. Want to get economic, political and cultural freedom
6. Want to get rid of agony

 

When you are in the driving seat of a car, you have the steering and the horn in your hands, the brake and accelerator under your feet, eyes open looking ahead, left and right. The same can be said about a motorcycle rider, with some modifications. These are all very visible. But, behind all, there is something that keeps working unseen. And that is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), your brain. CPUs are artificially intelligent machines that are programmed to do specific jobs under fixed conditions and judgements. But the human brain is intelligent by nature. It is the most sophisticated machine that is able to operate on ever-changing conditions and standards of judgement. As conditions in the traffic keep invariably changing, this virtue of sophistication of your brain must be at work when you are driving. The difference between traffic in the roads and highways and racing circuit must not be blurring inside you. Never imagine yourself to be a Michael Schumacher driving an F-1 at 300 mph. Leave no room for fantasy. You must always be ready to encounter unexpected behavior from any vehicle or pedestrian. ÔKeep your coolÕ is easy to advice but difficult to maintain. Still you must always restrain yourself because, at the end of the day, you don’t want to be regarded as a killer. Now you see, the last thing that differentiates you from a computer is your conscience.

Function and Characteristic of Human Brain

1. Working invisibly
2. Working as CPU 
3. Intelligent by nature
4. Sophisticated machine
5. Operating on ever changing condition
6. Conscience
7. Feeling no difficulty in invariably changing condition