Gerund vs participle
How to overcome confusion in recognizing Gerund & Participle
Gerund & Participle āĻ¸āĻšāĻে āĻেāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻĒাāĻ¯়:
āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§§
āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে verb+ing + noun as object (subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে) āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ী verb āĻি singular āĻšā§ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻিāĻ verb+ing āĻি gerund āĻšāĻŦে।
Peeling onions makes her cry.
(āĻĒেঁā§াāĻেāĻ° āĻোāĻ¸া āĻাā§াāĻ¨ো āĻ¤াāĻে āĻাঁāĻĻাā§)
Planting trees helps prevent soil erosion.
(āĻাāĻāĻĒাāĻ˛া āĻ°োāĻĒāĻŖ āĻāĻ°া āĻŽাāĻিāĻ্āĻˇā§ āĻ°োāĻ§ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ°োāĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ে)
Amassing wealth often ruins health.
(āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒুāĻ্āĻীāĻূāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§āĻ āĻ¸ুāĻ¸্āĻĨāĻ¤া/āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ§্āĻŦংāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ে)
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে Peeling, Planting, Amassing āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ, makes, helps, ruins āĻāĻ°া singular verb
āĻāĻ° finite verb āĻি plural āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻিāĻ verb+ing āĻি
present participle āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻāĻ্āĻ¤ verb+ing āĻি āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°া āĻŦুāĻাā§।
Falling objects obey the law of gravity.
(āĻĒā§āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻāĻ°্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŽেāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ˛ে)
Hibernating animals survive the winter in suspended animation.
Exciting possibilities were/are opening up for me in the new job.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে obey, survive, are/were āĻšāĻ্āĻে plural verb āĻ¤াāĻ falling, hibernating, exciting āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§¨
Article āĻāĻŦং noun āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻেāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻĒাā§
Gerund āĻšāĻ˛ে A (noun) for (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।
āĻāĻ° Participle āĻšāĻ˛ে A (noun) is (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।
Gerund: A swimming pool
A pool for swimming
Participle: A swimming girl
A girl is swimming
Gerund: A sleeping room
A room for sleeping
A sleeping pill
A pill for sleeping
Participle: A sleeping child/baby
A baby/child is sleeping
āĻ¸āĻšāĻ āĻāĻĨাā§, meaningful continuous tense āĻāĻ°া āĻেāĻ˛ে present participle āĻāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°া āĻেāĻ˛ে gerund
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ে part of speech (function) āĻাāĻāĻ˛ে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻোāĻ adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
The calling bell is out of order. āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে calling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি gerund āĻšāĻā§া āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ adjective.
āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Š:
verb+ing āĻি transitive verb āĻāĻ° object āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦা "āĻি" āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া gerund āĻšāĻŦে।
He started/stopped writing/weeping.
āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨: āĻ¸ে āĻি āĻļুāĻ°ু/āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛? āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° : āĻ˛েāĻা/āĻাāĻ¨্āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°া।
āĻ¤াāĻ writing/weeping āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু transitive verb āĻি intransitively āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° verb+ing āĻি present participle āĻšāĻŦে।
He said weeping. (āĻ¸ে āĻাঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻাঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛)
āĻি āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛ āĻ¨ā§, āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛? āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦে
āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻŦে āĻাঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻাঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে?
āĻ¤াāĻ weeping āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻāĻŦাāĻ°, intransitive verb āĻāĻ° present participle āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Come dancing. (āĻ¨াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻ¨াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ¸ো)
He came running to meet me.
come āĻšāĻ্āĻে intransitive verb āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° dancing, running āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻ āĻ¨ুāĻ°ূāĻĒ, I am going shopping this afternoon.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে shopping āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ē:
ā§§. complement verb+ing āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে very āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ¨ো āĻেāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া participle, āĻ¨া āĻেāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া gerund (āĻেāĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻĄ)
What annoys me most is smoking. (complement)
My favourite activity is reading. (complement)
smoking, reading āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻāĻে very āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻাāĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ¤াāĻ gerund (āĻেāĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻĄ)
Education is enlightening.
Education is very enlightening.
The story is interesting.
It is very interesting.
Examinations are frightening.
Examinations are very frightening.
enlightening, interesting, frightening āĻāĻ°া present participle
āĻāĻŦাāĻ°, āĻāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে What āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĒ্āĻ¤ verb+ing āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻāĻ° How āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে verb+ing āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻেāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া present participle
His profession is teaching.
Q: What is his profession? Ans: teaching
Education is enlightening.
Q: How is education? Ans: enlightening
enlightening = āĻ্āĻাāĻ¨āĻāĻ°্āĻ, āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻĻাā§āĻ
āĻāĻŦাāĻ°, verb+ing āĻি verb āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇাā§িāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤া present participle (adjective)
A walking holiday, a walking dictionary, a rolling programme, a rolling extension
ā§¨. Gerund complement āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻাāĻে āĻāĻ˛্āĻিā§ে Subject āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু participle āĻšāĻ্āĻে adjective āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻে subject āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¨া।
What I enjoy is watching movies.
= Watching movies is what I enjoy.
What I detest most is smoking.
= Smoking is what I detest most.
āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ģ:
preposition āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻিāĻু āĻŦিāĻ্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ি!
He came in running.
(āĻ¸ে āĻĻৌā§াāĻ¤ে āĻĻৌā§াāĻ¤ে āĻিāĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛)
He went/walked out smiling.
(āĻ¸ে āĻŽুāĻāĻি āĻšাāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻāĻ°ে/āĻšেঁāĻে āĻŦাāĻāĻ°ে āĻেāĻ˛)
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে running, smiling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāĻি preposition āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸া āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāĻ°া gerund āĻ¨ā§, present participle āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°া preposition āĻāĻ° object āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻ¨ি। āĻāĻ°া "āĻিāĻাāĻŦে" āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻিāĻ° āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻেā§। āĻ¤াāĻ adverb āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে। preposition āĻāĻ° object āĻšāĻ˛ে "āĻি/āĻিāĻ¸ে" āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˛াāĻে।
There is no credit in earning money illegally.
(āĻ āĻŦৈāĻ§āĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻা āĻāĻĒাāĻ°্āĻāĻ¨ে āĻৃāĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¨েāĻ)
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে earning āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ, "āĻিāĻাāĻŦে" āĻ¨ā§, āĻিāĻ¸ে āĻৃāĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¨েāĻ? In what? āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˛াāĻāĻŦে? āĻ¸েāĻা earning
āĻāĻŦাāĻ°, I love the noise of falling rain (āĻĒā§āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻি)
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে falling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা of āĻে object āĻ¨ā§, rain āĻāĻ° modifier āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻি present participle
**★Gerund Vs Present participle āĻেāĻ¨াāĻ° ā§Š āĻি āĻ¸āĻšāĻ āĻāĻĒাā§, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻা āĻোāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ° ★ āĻ াāĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং Grammar āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে Gerund āĻ াāĻ° Present Participle āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ্āĻˇ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ˛াāĻে।āĻ াāĻ āĻেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨িāĻ, āĻ āĻĻুāĻি āĻী āĻāĻŦং āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻŦ।
1.Gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻিāĻ Non finite Verb।āĻĻুāĻিāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨেāĻ ing āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻে। āĻ¤āĻŦে Gerund Noun āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻ° Present participle Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ – I don’t like his Shouting at me. (āĻিā§āĻাāĻ° -Noun -Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āĻিā§āĻাāĻ° āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা -Adjective)
ā§¨.āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻĨাāĻা āĻŦāĻ˛ি āĻাāĻāĻা āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻে, āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে Participle, āĻ¨া āĻāĻāĻ˛ে Gerund. - I don’t like his shouting at me (āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻেāĻ āĻিā§āĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻ¨া,āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻা Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸ে āĻিā§āĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻিāĻ˛, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻা Present participle)
ā§Š. See, Notice, Watch, Observe-( āĻ¸āĻŦāĻুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ -āĻĻেāĻা) Hear, listen-(āĻļোāĻ¨া) Catch, keep, find āĻāĻ ā§¯ āĻা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ Verb_ing(Non finite verb) āĻāĻ° āĻ াāĻে āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে participle, āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে Gerund.āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ – đĨ Rahi heard him Calling me (heard āĻāĻে, āĻ¤াāĻ participle) đĨI dislike your laughing loud.(ā§¯ āĻিāĻ° āĻāĻāĻিāĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻ¤াāĻ Gerund) đĨ He observed them Coming out of this home. (Observed āĻ াāĻে, āĻ¤াāĻ Participle) đĨShe objects to my going there. (ā§¯ āĻিāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻিāĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻ¤াāĻ Gerund)
[Nota bene : Present Participle āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে Object pronoun āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāĻ° āĻ াāĻে possessive adjective āĻŦāĻ¸ে.
Prepared by: Noor E Alam
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