Gerund vs participle

 How to overcome confusion in recognizing Gerund & Participle

Gerund & Participle āĻ¸āĻšāĻœে āĻšেāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯়:

āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ ā§Ļā§§

āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে verb+ing + noun as object (subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে) āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ী verb āĻŸি singular āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• verb+ing āĻŸি gerund āĻšāĻŦে। 

Peeling onions makes her cry.

(āĻĒেঁā§ŸাāĻœেāĻ° āĻ–োāĻ¸া āĻ›াā§œাāĻ¨ো āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ•াঁāĻĻাā§Ÿ)

Planting trees helps prevent soil erosion. 

(āĻ—াāĻ›āĻĒাāĻ˛া āĻ°োāĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŽাāĻŸিāĻ•্āĻˇā§Ÿ āĻ°োāĻ§ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ°োāĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে)

Amassing wealth often ruins health.

(āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒুāĻž্āĻœীāĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§ŸāĻ‡ āĻ¸ুāĻ¸্āĻĨāĻ¤া/āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ§্āĻŦংāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে) 

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে Peeling, Planting, Amassing āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে gerund āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ, makes, helps, ruins āĻāĻ°া singular verb 

āĻ†āĻ° finite verb āĻŸি plural āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• verb+ing āĻŸি 

present participle āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ verb+ing āĻŸি āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ। 

Falling objects obey the law of gravity.

(āĻĒā§œāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻ°্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŽেāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ˛ে)

Hibernating animals survive the winter in suspended animation. 

Exciting possibilities were/are opening up for me in the new job.

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে obey, survive, are/were āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে plural verb āĻ¤াāĻ‡ falling, hibernating, exciting āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে present participle 


āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ ā§Ļā§¨

Article āĻāĻŦং noun āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻšেāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ 

Gerund āĻšāĻ˛ে A (noun) for (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।

āĻ†āĻ° Participle āĻšāĻ˛ে A (noun) is (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে। 

Gerund: A swimming pool 

A pool for swimming

Participle: A swimming girl

A girl is swimming 

Gerund: A sleeping room

A room for sleeping

A sleeping pill 

A pill for sleeping 

Participle: A sleeping child/baby

A baby/child is sleeping

āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ•āĻĨাā§Ÿ, meaningful continuous tense āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ—েāĻ˛ে present participle āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ—েāĻ˛ে gerund

āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ে part of speech (function) āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻŸোāĻ‡ adjective āĻšāĻŦে। 

The calling bell is out of order. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে calling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি gerund āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ“ adjective.


āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ ā§Ļā§Š:

verb+ing āĻŸি transitive verb āĻāĻ° object āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦা "āĻ•ি" āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া gerund āĻšāĻŦে।

He started/stopped writing/weeping.

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨: āĻ¸ে āĻ•ি āĻļুāĻ°ু/āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛? āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° : āĻ˛েāĻ–া/āĻ•াāĻ¨্āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া।

āĻ¤াāĻ‡ writing/weeping āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে gerund 

āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু transitive verb āĻŸি intransitively āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° verb+ing āĻŸি present participle āĻšāĻŦে। 

He said weeping. (āĻ¸ে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛)

āĻ•ি āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ, āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛? āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦে 

āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻŦে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāĻ¤ে? 

āĻ¤াāĻ‡ weeping āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে present participle 

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°, intransitive verb āĻāĻ° present participle āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

Come dancing. (āĻ¨াāĻšāĻ¤ে āĻ¨াāĻšāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ¸ো) 

He came running to meet me.

come āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে intransitive verb āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° dancing, running āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে present participle 

āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ°ূāĻĒ, I am going shopping this afternoon. 

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে shopping āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে present participle 


āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ē:

ā§§. complement verb+ing āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে very āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ¨ো āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া participle, āĻ¨া āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া gerund (āĻœেāĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻĄ)

What annoys me most is smoking. (complement)

My favourite activity is reading. (complement) 

smoking, reading āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে very āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻœেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ gerund (āĻœেāĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻĄ)

Education is enlightening.

Education is very enlightening.

The story is interesting.

It is very interesting. 

Examinations are frightening.

Examinations are very frightening.

enlightening, interesting, frightening āĻāĻ°া present participle 

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে What āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĒ্āĻ¤ verb+ing āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে gerund āĻ†āĻ° How āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে verb+ing āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻ¤া present participle 

His profession is teaching.

Q: What is his profession? Ans: teaching 

Education is enlightening. 

Q: How is education? Ans: enlightening

enlightening = āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨āĻ—āĻ°্āĻ­, āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻĻাā§ŸāĻ•

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°, verb+ing āĻŸি verb āĻāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇাā§ŸিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤া present participle (adjective) 

A walking holiday, a walking dictionary, a rolling programme, a rolling extension 


ā§¨. Gerund complement āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻŸিā§Ÿে Subject āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু participle āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে adjective āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•ে subject āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া।

What I enjoy is watching movies.

= Watching movies is what I enjoy.

What I detest most is smoking.

= Smoking is what I detest most.


āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ģ:

preposition āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦিāĻ­্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ি! 

He came in running. 

(āĻ¸ে āĻĻৌā§œাāĻ¤ে āĻĻৌā§œাāĻ¤ে āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛) 

He went/walked out smiling. 

(āĻ¸ে āĻŽুāĻšāĻ•ি āĻšাāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে/āĻšেঁāĻŸে āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻ—েāĻ˛)

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে running, smiling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāĻŸি preposition āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸া āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ“ āĻāĻ°া gerund āĻ¨ā§Ÿ, present participle āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°া preposition āĻāĻ° object āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻ¨ি। āĻāĻ°া "āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে" āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻŸিāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻেā§Ÿ। āĻ¤াāĻ‡ adverb āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে। preposition āĻāĻ° object āĻšāĻ˛ে "āĻ•ি/āĻ•িāĻ¸ে" āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ—ে। 

There is no credit in earning money illegally. 

(āĻ…āĻŦৈāĻ§āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŸাāĻ•া āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ে āĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¨েāĻ‡)

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে earning āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে gerund āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ, "āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে" āĻ¨ā§Ÿ, āĻ•িāĻ¸ে āĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¨েāĻ‡? In what? āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ—āĻŦে? āĻ¸েāĻŸা earning

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°, I love the noise of falling rain (āĻĒā§œāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻŸি)

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে falling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸা of āĻ•ে object āĻ¨ā§Ÿ, rain āĻāĻ° modifier āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸি present participle 


**★Gerund Vs Present participle āĻšেāĻ¨াāĻ° ā§Š āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ—োāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ° ★ āĻ…াāĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং Grammar āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে Gerund āĻ…াāĻ° Present Participle āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ˛াāĻ—ে।āĻ…াāĻœ āĻœেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨িāĻ‡, āĻ āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ•ী āĻāĻŦং āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ।

1.Gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻŸিāĻ‡ Non finite Verb।āĻĻুāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨেāĻ‡ ing āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ¤āĻŦে Gerund Noun āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ° Present participle Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ – I don’t like his Shouting at me. (āĻšিā§ŽāĻ•াāĻ° -Noun -Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āĻšিā§ŽāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা -Adjective)


ā§¨.āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨাāĻŸা āĻŦāĻ˛ি āĻ•াāĻœāĻŸা āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻŸে, āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে Participle, āĻ¨া āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ˛ে Gerund. - I don’t like his shouting at me (āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻšিā§ŽāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে āĻ¨া,āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸা Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ে āĻšিā§ŽāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸা Present participle)

ā§Š. See, Notice, Watch, Observe-( āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ -āĻĻেāĻ–া) Hear, listen-(āĻļোāĻ¨া) Catch, keep, find āĻāĻ‡ ā§¯ āĻŸা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ Verb_ing(Non finite verb) āĻāĻ° āĻ…াāĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে participle, āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে Gerund.āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ – đŸ’Ĩ Rahi heard him Calling me (heard āĻ†āĻ›ে, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ participle) đŸ’ĨI dislike your laughing loud.(ā§¯ āĻŸিāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸিāĻ“ āĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ Gerund) đŸ’Ĩ He observed them Coming out of this home. (Observed āĻ…াāĻ›ে, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ Participle) đŸ’ĨShe objects to my going there. (ā§¯ āĻŸিāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸিāĻ“ āĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ Gerund) 

[Nota bene : Present Participle āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে Object pronoun āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāĻ° āĻ…াāĻ—ে possessive adjective āĻŦāĻ¸ে.

Prepared by: Noor E Alam

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