Gerund vs participle

 How to overcome confusion in recognizing Gerund & Participle

Gerund & Participle āϏāĻšāϜে āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ়:

āύি⧟āĻŽ ā§Ļā§§

āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে verb+ing + noun as object (subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে) āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϝāĻĻি āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী verb āϟি singular āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• verb+ing āϟি gerund āĻšāĻŦে। 

Peeling onions makes her cry.

(āĻĒেঁ⧟াāϜেāϰ āĻ–োāϏা āĻ›া⧜াāύো āϤাāĻ•ে āĻ•াঁāĻĻা⧟)

Planting trees helps prevent soil erosion. 

(āĻ—াāĻ›āĻĒাāϞা āϰোāĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻŽাāϟিāĻ•্āώ⧟ āϰোāϧ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে)

Amassing wealth often ruins health.

(āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒুāĻž্āϜীāĻ­ূāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻĒ্āϰা⧟āχ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤা/āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻ•āϰে) 

āĻāĻ–াāύে Peeling, Planting, Amassing āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে gerund āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, makes, helps, ruins āĻāϰা singular verb 

āφāϰ finite verb āϟি plural āĻšāϞে āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• verb+ing āϟি 

present participle āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āωāĻ•্āϤ verb+ing āϟি āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰা āĻŦুāĻা⧟। 

Falling objects obey the law of gravity.

(āĻĒ⧜āύ্āϤ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻ•āϰ্āώāĻŖেāϰ āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻŽেāύে āϚāϞে)

Hibernating animals survive the winter in suspended animation. 

Exciting possibilities were/are opening up for me in the new job.

āĻāĻ–াāύে obey, survive, are/were āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে plural verb āϤাāχ falling, hibernating, exciting āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে present participle 


āύি⧟āĻŽ ā§Ļ⧍

Article āĻāĻŦং noun āĻāϰ āĻŽাāĻে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āϚেāύাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ 

Gerund āĻšāϞে A (noun) for (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।

āφāϰ Participle āĻšāϞে A (noun) is (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে। 

Gerund: A swimming pool 

A pool for swimming

Participle: A swimming girl

A girl is swimming 

Gerund: A sleeping room

A room for sleeping

A sleeping pill 

A pill for sleeping 

Participle: A sleeping child/baby

A baby/child is sleeping

āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨা⧟, meaningful continuous tense āĻ•āϰা āĻ—েāϞে present participle āφāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰা āĻ—েāϞে gerund

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύে part of speech (function) āϚাāχāϞে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāϟোāχ adjective āĻšāĻŦে। 

The calling bell is out of order. āĻāĻ–াāύে calling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি gerund āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“ adjective.


āύি⧟āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Š:

verb+ing āϟি transitive verb āĻāϰ object āĻšāϞে āĻŦা "āĻ•ি" āĻāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻিāϞে āϤা gerund āĻšāĻŦে।

He started/stopped writing/weeping.

āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āϏে āĻ•ি āĻļুāϰু/āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰāϞ? āωāϤ্āϤāϰ : āϞেāĻ–া/āĻ•াāύ্āύা āĻ•āϰা।

āϤাāχ writing/weeping āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে gerund 

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু transitive verb āϟি intransitively āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ verb+ing āϟি present participle āĻšāĻŦে। 

He said weeping. (āϏে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāϤে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāϤে āĻŦāϞāϞ)

āĻ•ি āĻŦāϞāϞ āύ⧟, āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦāϞāϞ? āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāĻŦে 

āφāϰ āĻāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāϤে āĻ•াঁāĻĻāϤে? 

āϤাāχ weeping āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে present participle 

āφāĻŦাāϰ, intransitive verb āĻāϰ present participle āĻŦāϏে।

Come dancing. (āύাāϚāϤে āύাāϚāϤে āφāϏো) 

He came running to meet me.

come āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে intransitive verb āϤাāχ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ dancing, running āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে present participle 

āĻ…āύুāϰূāĻĒ, I am going shopping this afternoon. 

āĻāĻ–াāύে shopping āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে present participle 


āύি⧟āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ē:

ā§§. complement verb+ing āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে very āĻŦāϏাāύো āĻ—েāϞে āϤা participle, āύা āĻ—েāϞে āϤা gerund (āϜেāϰাāύ্āĻĄ)

What annoys me most is smoking. (complement)

My favourite activity is reading. (complement) 

smoking, reading āĻāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ—ে very āĻŦāϏāĻŦে āύা। āĻāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϤাāχ gerund (āϜেāϰাāύ্āĻĄ)

Education is enlightening.

Education is very enlightening.

The story is interesting.

It is very interesting. 

Examinations are frightening.

Examinations are very frightening.

enlightening, interesting, frightening āĻāϰা present participle 

āφāĻŦাāϰ, āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে What āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ verb+ing āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে gerund āφāϰ How āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে verb+ing āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—েāϞে āϤা present participle 

His profession is teaching.

Q: What is his profession? Ans: teaching 

Education is enlightening. 

Q: How is education? Ans: enlightening

enlightening = āϜ্āĻžাāύāĻ—āϰ্āĻ­, āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĻা⧟āĻ•

āφāĻŦাāϰ, verb+ing āϟি verb āĻāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦিāĻļেāώা⧟িāϤ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϤা present participle (adjective) 

A walking holiday, a walking dictionary, a rolling programme, a rolling extension 


⧍. Gerund complement āĻšāϞে āϏেāϟাāĻ•ে āωāϞ্āϟি⧟ে Subject āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু participle āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে adjective āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•ে subject āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āύা।

What I enjoy is watching movies.

= Watching movies is what I enjoy.

What I detest most is smoking.

= Smoking is what I detest most.


āύি⧟āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ģ:

preposition āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤি! 

He came in running. 

(āϏে āĻĻৌ⧜াāϤে āĻĻৌ⧜াāϤে āĻ­িāϤāϰে āφāϏāϞ) 

He went/walked out smiling. 

(āϏে āĻŽুāϚāĻ•ি āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻŦাāχāϰে/āĻšেঁāϟে āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻ—েāϞ)

āĻāĻ–াāύে running, smiling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāϟি preposition āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏা āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“ āĻāϰা gerund āύ⧟, present participle āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰা preposition āĻāϰ object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦāϏেāύি। āĻāϰা "āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে" āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāϟিāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻে⧟। āϤাāχ adverb āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। preposition āĻāϰ object āĻšāϞে "āĻ•ি/āĻ•িāϏে" āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āϞাāĻ—ে। 

There is no credit in earning money illegally. 

(āĻ…āĻŦৈāϧāĻ­াāĻŦে āϟাāĻ•া āωāĻĒাāϰ্āϜāύে āĻ•ৃāϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āύেāχ)

āĻāĻ–াāύে earning āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে gerund āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, "āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে" āύ⧟, āĻ•িāϏে āĻ•ৃāϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āύেāχ? In what? āĻāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āϞাāĻ—āĻŦে? āϏেāϟা earning

āφāĻŦাāϰ, I love the noise of falling rain (āĻĒ⧜āύ্āϤ āĻŦৃāώ্āϟি)

āĻāĻ–াāύে falling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟা of āĻ•ে object āύ⧟, rain āĻāϰ modifier āϤাāχ āĻāϟি present participle 


**★Gerund Vs Present participle āϚেāύাāϰ ā§Š āϟি āϏāĻšāϜ āωāĻĒা⧟, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āϏূāϤ্āϰ ★ āĻ…াāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāĻŦং Grammar āĻāϰ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে Gerund āĻ…াāϰ Present Participle āĻāϰ āϏুāĻ•্āώ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϞাāĻ—ে।āĻ…াāϜ āϜেāύে āύিāχ, āĻ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•ী āĻāĻŦং āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ।

1.Gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāϟিāχ Non finite Verb।āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āϏাāĻĨেāχ ing āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϤāĻŦে Gerund Noun āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āφāϰ Present participle Adjective āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে।āϝেāĻŽāύ – I don’t like his Shouting at me. (āϚিā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ -Noun -Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āϚিā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা -Adjective)


⧍.āϝāĻ–āύ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻĨাāϟা āĻŦāϞি āĻ•াāϜāϟা āϝāĻĻি āϤāĻ–āύāχ āϘāϟে, āϤাāĻšāϞে Participle, āύা āϘāϟāϞে Gerund. - I don’t like his shouting at me (āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ•েāω āϚিā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āύা,āϤাāχ āĻāϟা Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āϤāĻ–āύ āϏে āϚিā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›িāϞ, āϤাāχ āĻāϟা Present participle)

ā§Š. See, Notice, Watch, Observe-( āϏāĻŦāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ -āĻĻেāĻ–া) Hear, listen-(āĻļোāύা) Catch, keep, find āĻāχ ⧝ āϟা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ Verb_ing(Non finite verb) āĻāϰ āĻ…াāĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে participle, āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে Gerund.āϝেāĻŽāύ – đŸ’Ĩ Rahi heard him Calling me (heard āφāĻ›ে, āϤাāχ participle) đŸ’ĨI dislike your laughing loud.(⧝ āϟিāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻ“ āύেāχ āϤাāχ Gerund) đŸ’Ĩ He observed them Coming out of this home. (Observed āĻ…াāĻ›ে, āϤাāχ Participle) đŸ’ĨShe objects to my going there. (⧝ āϟিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻ“ āύেāχ āϤাāχ Gerund) 

[Nota bene : Present Participle āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে Object pronoun āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāϰ āĻ…াāĻ—ে possessive adjective āĻŦāϏে.

Prepared by: Noor E Alam

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