Gerund vs participle
How to overcome confusion in recognizing Gerund & Participle
Gerund & Participle āϏāĻšāĻে āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়:
āύিā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§§
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে verb+ing + noun as object (subject āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে) āĻĨাāĻāϞে āϝāĻĻি āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী verb āĻি singular āĻšā§ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻিāĻ verb+ing āĻি gerund āĻšāĻŦে।
Peeling onions makes her cry.
(āĻĒেঁā§াāĻেāϰ āĻোāϏা āĻাā§াāύো āϤাāĻে āĻাঁāĻĻাā§)
Planting trees helps prevent soil erosion.
(āĻাāĻāĻĒাāϞা āϰোāĻĒāĻŖ āĻāϰা āĻŽাāĻিāĻ্āώ⧠āϰোāϧ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻāϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰে)
Amassing wealth often ruins health.
(āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒুāĻ্āĻীāĻূāϤ āĻāϰা āĻĒ্āϰাā§āĻ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤা/āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻāϰে)
āĻāĻাāύে Peeling, Planting, Amassing āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻাāϰāĻŖ, makes, helps, ruins āĻāϰা singular verb
āĻāϰ finite verb āĻি plural āĻšāϞে āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻিāĻ verb+ing āĻি
present participle āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻ্āϤ verb+ing āĻি āĻাāĻ āĻāϰা āĻŦুāĻাā§।
Falling objects obey the law of gravity.
(āĻĒā§āύ্āϤ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŽাāϧ্āϝাāĻāϰ্āώāĻŖেāϰ āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻŽেāύে āĻāϞে)
Hibernating animals survive the winter in suspended animation.
Exciting possibilities were/are opening up for me in the new job.
āĻāĻাāύে obey, survive, are/were āĻšāĻ্āĻে plural verb āϤাāĻ falling, hibernating, exciting āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āύিā§āĻŽ ā§Ļ⧍
Article āĻāĻŦং noun āĻāϰ āĻŽাāĻে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻেāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒাā§
Gerund āĻšāϞে A (noun) for (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।
āĻāϰ Participle āĻšāϞে A (noun) is (verb+ing) āĻšāĻŦে।
Gerund: A swimming pool
A pool for swimming
Participle: A swimming girl
A girl is swimming
Gerund: A sleeping room
A room for sleeping
A sleeping pill
A pill for sleeping
Participle: A sleeping child/baby
A baby/child is sleeping
āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻĨাā§, meaningful continuous tense āĻāϰা āĻেāϞে present participle āĻāϰ āύা āĻāϰা āĻেāϞে gerund
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύে part of speech (function) āĻাāĻāϞে gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻোāĻ adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
The calling bell is out of order. āĻāĻাāύে calling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি gerund āĻšāĻā§া āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ adjective.
āύিā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Š:
verb+ing āĻি transitive verb āĻāϰ object āĻšāϞে āĻŦা "āĻি" āĻāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻিāϞে āϤা gerund āĻšāĻŦে।
He started/stopped writing/weeping.
āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āϏে āĻি āĻļুāϰু/āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻāϰāϞ? āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ : āϞেāĻা/āĻাāύ্āύা āĻāϰা।
āϤাāĻ writing/weeping āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund
āĻিāύ্āϤু transitive verb āĻি intransitively āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ verb+ing āĻি present participle āĻšāĻŦে।
He said weeping. (āϏে āĻাঁāĻĻāϤে āĻাঁāĻĻāϤে āĻŦāϞāϞ)
āĻি āĻŦāϞāϞ āύā§, āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦāϞāϞ? āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšāĻŦে
āĻāϰ āĻāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻাঁāĻĻāϤে āĻাঁāĻĻāϤে?
āϤাāĻ weeping āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻāĻŦাāϰ, intransitive verb āĻāϰ present participle āĻŦāϏে।
Come dancing. (āύাāĻāϤে āύাāĻāϤে āĻāϏো)
He came running to meet me.
come āĻšāĻ্āĻে intransitive verb āϤাāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ dancing, running āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āĻ āύুāϰূāĻĒ, I am going shopping this afternoon.
āĻāĻাāύে shopping āĻšāĻ্āĻে present participle
āύিā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ē:
ā§§. complement verb+ing āĻāϰ āĻāĻে very āĻŦāϏাāύো āĻেāϞে āϤা participle, āύা āĻেāϞে āϤা gerund (āĻেāϰাāύ্āĻĄ)
What annoys me most is smoking. (complement)
My favourite activity is reading. (complement)
smoking, reading āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻে very āĻŦāϏāĻŦে āύা। āĻāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻাāĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϤাāĻ gerund (āĻেāϰাāύ্āĻĄ)
Education is enlightening.
Education is very enlightening.
The story is interesting.
It is very interesting.
Examinations are frightening.
Examinations are very frightening.
enlightening, interesting, frightening āĻāϰা present participle
āĻāĻŦাāϰ, āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে What āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻāϰে āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ verb+ing āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻāϰ How āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻāϰে āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে verb+ing āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻেāϞে āϤা present participle
His profession is teaching.
Q: What is his profession? Ans: teaching
Education is enlightening.
Q: How is education? Ans: enlightening
enlightening = āĻ্āĻাāύāĻāϰ্āĻ, āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĻাā§āĻ
āĻāĻŦাāϰ, verb+ing āĻি verb āĻāϰ āĻĨেāĻে āĻিāύ্āύ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦিāĻļেāώাā§িāϤ āĻāϰāϞে āϤা present participle (adjective)
A walking holiday, a walking dictionary, a rolling programme, a rolling extension
⧍. Gerund complement āĻšāϞে āϏেāĻাāĻে āĻāϞ্āĻিā§ে Subject āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āĻিāύ্āϤু participle āĻšāĻ্āĻে adjective āϤাāĻ āĻāĻে subject āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āύা।
What I enjoy is watching movies.
= Watching movies is what I enjoy.
What I detest most is smoking.
= Smoking is what I detest most.
āύিā§āĻŽ ā§Ļā§Ģ:
preposition āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻিāĻু āĻŦিāĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤি!
He came in running.
(āϏে āĻĻৌā§াāϤে āĻĻৌā§াāϤে āĻিāϤāϰে āĻāϏāϞ)
He went/walked out smiling.
(āϏে āĻŽুāĻāĻি āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻŦাāĻāϰে/āĻšেঁāĻে āĻŦাāĻāϰে āĻেāϞ)
āĻāĻাāύে running, smiling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāĻি preposition āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏা āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ āĻāϰা gerund āύā§, present participle āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰা preposition āĻāϰ object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦāϏেāύি। āĻāϰা "āĻিāĻাāĻŦে" āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻিāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻেā§। āϤাāĻ adverb āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। preposition āĻāϰ object āĻšāϞে "āĻি/āĻিāϏে" āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āϞাāĻে।
There is no credit in earning money illegally.
(āĻ āĻŦৈāϧāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻা āĻāĻĒাāϰ্āĻāύে āĻৃāϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āύেāĻ)
āĻāĻাāύে earning āĻšāĻ্āĻে gerund āĻাāϰāĻŖ, "āĻিāĻাāĻŦে" āύā§, āĻিāϏে āĻৃāϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āύেāĻ? In what? āĻāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āϞাāĻāĻŦে? āϏেāĻা earning
āĻāĻŦাāϰ, I love the noise of falling rain (āĻĒā§āύ্āϤ āĻŦৃāώ্āĻি)
āĻāĻাāύে falling āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা of āĻে object āύā§, rain āĻāϰ modifier āϤাāĻ āĻāĻি present participle
**★Gerund Vs Present participle āĻেāύাāϰ ā§Š āĻি āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻĒাā§, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻা āĻোāĻĒāύ āϏূāϤ্āϰ ★ āĻ াāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāĻŦং Grammar āĻāϰ āĻ āύেāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে Gerund āĻ াāϰ Present Participle āĻāϰ āϏুāĻ্āώ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āϞাāĻে।āĻ াāĻ āĻেāύে āύিāĻ, āĻ āĻĻুāĻি āĻী āĻāĻŦং āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻāϰāĻŦ।
1.Gerund āĻāĻŦং participle āĻĻুāĻিāĻ Non finite Verb।āĻĻুāĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨেāĻ ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻĨাāĻে। āϤāĻŦে Gerund Noun āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āĻāϰ Present participle Adjective āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে।āϝেāĻŽāύ – I don’t like his Shouting at me. (āĻিā§āĻাāϰ -Noun -Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āĻিā§āĻাāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা -Adjective)
⧍.āϝāĻāύ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻāĻĨাāĻা āĻŦāϞি āĻাāĻāĻা āϝāĻĻি āϤāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻে, āϤাāĻšāϞে Participle, āύা āĻāĻāϞে Gerund. - I don’t like his shouting at me (āϤāĻāύ āĻেāĻ āĻিā§āĻাāϰ āĻāϰāĻে āύা,āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা Gerund) I heard him shouting at me (āϤāĻāύ āϏে āĻিā§āĻাāϰ āĻāϰāĻিāϞ, āϤাāĻ āĻāĻা Present participle)
ā§Š. See, Notice, Watch, Observe-( āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ -āĻĻেāĻা) Hear, listen-(āĻļোāύা) Catch, keep, find āĻāĻ ā§¯ āĻা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ Verb_ing(Non finite verb) āĻāϰ āĻ াāĻে āĻĨাāĻāϞে participle, āύা āĻĨাāĻāϞে Gerund.āϝেāĻŽāύ – đĨ Rahi heard him Calling me (heard āĻāĻে, āϤাāĻ participle) đĨI dislike your laughing loud.(⧝ āĻিāϰ āĻāĻāĻিāĻ āύেāĻ āϤাāĻ Gerund) đĨ He observed them Coming out of this home. (Observed āĻ াāĻে, āϤাāĻ Participle) đĨShe objects to my going there. (⧝ āĻিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻিāĻ āύেāĻ āϤাāĻ Gerund)
[Nota bene : Present Participle āĻāϰ āĻāĻে Object pronoun āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāϰ āĻ াāĻে possessive adjective āĻŦāϏে.
Prepared by: Noor E Alam
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