Sentence sheet for u

 Sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? Sentence āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

A group of words make a complete sense is called a sentence. For example: Fahim is a student 

āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŽিāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে।

āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻĨাā§Ÿ, āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŽিāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦা āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াāĻŦে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻŖেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻŦāĻœাā§Ÿ āĻ°েāĻ–ে āĻ¸াāĻœাāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।

Note: No sentence is possible without a verb.

The sentence is known as the basic unit of English grammar. It contains a word or a group of words that expresses complete ideas, sense, feelings, or meaning and consists of a subject and a verb. 

Look at the examples very carefully:

Suhana eats pizza.

In this sentence, Suhana is the subject, eat is a verb and pizza is an object.

Abid loves to travel.

Here, Abid is the subject, loves is the verb and travel is an object.

They play cricket.

āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻĻি word āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ—োāĻ›াāĻ˛োāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦা order maintain āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¸াāĻœাāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŦেāĻ¨া।

☑️Classifications of Sentences:

There are five categories of sentences according to their meaning and functions. These are:

1. Assertive Sentence/ Declarative/ Statement (āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯)

2. Interrogative Sentence/ Questions (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯)

3. Imperative Sentence/ Commands (āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯)

4. Optative Sentence (āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯)

5. Exclamatory Sentence/ Exclamations (āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯)

☑️Assertive Sentence (āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯):

āĻ¯ে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¨āĻ¨া āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Assertive sentence āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

Assertive Sentence is a simple statement or assertion, and it may be affirmative or negative.

You may follow a pattern like “subject + verb + object/complement/adverb”.

Example:

Sneha reads the book.

āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤িāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং Affirmative āĻŦা āĻš্āĻ¯াঁ āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯। āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে, Sneha āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Subject, reads āĻšāĻ˛ো Verb āĻāĻŦং the book āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে object. ... āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿা pattern āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে।

We are not dancing now. āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤ি āĻāĻŦং Negative sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ।

Everyone should read this story. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে should āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Modal Auxiliary.

☑️Interrogative Sentence (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯):

Interrogative Sentence: āĻ¯ে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĒাāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ে āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžেāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Interrogative Sentence āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

An interrogative sentence asks any questions to get a reply to something or someone and ends with an interrogative sign (?).

One of the two following ways may form an interrogative sentence.

1. It may begin with Helping verbs, Wh- words, and Modals Auxiliaries.

Auxiliary Verbs/ Helping verbs: am, is, are - was, were - have, has, had, etc.

Modals Auxiliaries:   shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might etc.

Example:

Do you need some money?

Is she your mother?

Should I call you?

May begin with “WH” questions like who, where, when, whom, what, which, how, etc.

Example:

What is your address?

Whom do you want?

How much money do you want?

☑️Imperative Sentence (āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯):

āĻ¯ে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ, āĻ‰āĻĒāĻĻেāĻļ, āĻ¨িāĻˇেāĻ§, āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ°োāĻ§ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•েāĻ‡ Imperative sentence āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে Subject (you)  āĻ—োāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Imperative sentences express request, order, advice, command, and suggestion.

āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ pattern āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েঃ

“(Subject (invisible) + verb + object)”

Example:

Get out of my sight. (Order)

Do it quickly. (Order)

Never tell a lie. (Advice)

Please, give me a pen. (Request)

Kindly, do me a favour (Request)

☑️Optative Sentence (āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯): 

āĻ¯ে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ‡āĻš্āĻ›া āĻ•িংāĻŦা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Optative Sentence āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

An Optative Sentence expresses desire, prayer, wish, etc.

A simple pattern can help you more. That is (MAY + ASSERTIVE), but at the same time you should keep in mind that an Optative sentence can be formed without “MAY."

āĻŦেāĻļিāĻ°āĻ­াāĻ— optative sentence āĻāĻ‡ may āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ¤িāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ে।

Example:

May Allah help you to overcome all the hindrances.

May you be happy in your future life.

Long live my parents.

Happy birthday to you.

Good morning

āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸিāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻ•াāĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে May āĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ Optative sentence āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¤াāĻ‡, āĻāĻŸা āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ে Optative sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে May āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻšāĻŦে।

☑️Exclamatory Sentence (āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯):

Exclamatory sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻ†āĻ•āĻ¸্āĻŽিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ°্āĻˇ, āĻŦিāĻˇাāĻĻ, āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¨্āĻĻ, āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

An exclamatory sentence expresses sudden or strong feelings or emotions like surprise, anger, delight, pain, etc. It is a term of the sudden change of mind.

Sometimes, an exclamatory sentence can start with Alas, Bravo, Ah, Hurrah, What, How, etc.

An exclamatory sign is mandatory after the end of the sentence. āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻšিāĻš্āĻ¨āĻŸি (!) āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ¸ে । āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĻি Alas, Bravo, ah, Oh, Hurrah āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻšিāĻš্āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

Hurrah! We’ve won the game.

Alas! I am undone.

Bravo! You have achieved good marks.

What a splendid house!

Alas! He has failed in English.

Fie! What a shame.

How lovely to see you!

Noor E Alam Sir
University of Dhaka
Rifles Public School & College
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan
& South Point School, English Version.
IELTS instructor
Cell: 01750044274

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