Sentence sheet for u

 Sentence āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? Sentence āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

A group of words make a complete sense is called a sentence. For example: Fahim is a student 

āĻĻুāχ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āϟি āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰে āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻŦāĻ•্āϤাāϰ āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϰূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞেāχ āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āϤাāĻ•ে sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦāϞা āϝাāĻŦে।

āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĨা⧟, āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻāĻ• āϏাāĻĨে āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϝāĻĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϰূāĻĒে āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦা āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āύা āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻšāϞে āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦāϞা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—āĻ āĻŖেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚিāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝāχ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻŦāϜা⧟ āϰেāĻ–ে āϏাāϜাāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

Note: No sentence is possible without a verb.

The sentence is known as the basic unit of English grammar. It contains a word or a group of words that expresses complete ideas, sense, feelings, or meaning and consists of a subject and a verb. 

Look at the examples very carefully:

Suhana eats pizza.

In this sentence, Suhana is the subject, eat is a verb and pizza is an object.

Abid loves to travel.

Here, Abid is the subject, loves is the verb and travel is an object.

They play cricket.

āĻāĻ–āύ, āϝāĻĻি word āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ—োāĻ›াāϞোāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦা order maintain āύা āĻ•āϰে āϏাāϜাāχ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻšāĻŦেāύা।

☑️Classifications of Sentences:

There are five categories of sentences according to their meaning and functions. These are:

1. Assertive Sentence/ Declarative/ Statement (āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ)

2. Interrogative Sentence/ Questions (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŦোāϧāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ)

3. Imperative Sentence/ Commands (āĻ…āύুāϜ্āĻžাāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ)

4. Optative Sentence (āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ)

5. Exclamatory Sentence/ Exclamations (āĻŦিāϏ্āĻŽā§ŸāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ)

☑️Assertive Sentence (āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ):

āϝে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āύāύা āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Assertive sentence āĻŦāϞে।

Assertive Sentence is a simple statement or assertion, and it may be affirmative or negative.

You may follow a pattern like “subject + verb + object/complement/adverb”.

Example:

Sneha reads the book.

āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻāĻŦং Affirmative āĻŦা āĻš্āϝাঁ āϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ। āĻāĻ–াāύে, Sneha āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Subject, reads āĻšāϞো Verb āĻāĻŦং the book āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে object. ... āĻāĻ–āύ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻĻে⧟া pattern āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻŽিāϞে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে।

We are not dancing now. āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāϤি āĻāĻŦং Negative sentence āĻāϰ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ।

Everyone should read this story. āĻāĻ–াāύে should āĻāĻ•āϟি Modal Auxiliary.

☑️Interrogative Sentence (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŦোāϧāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ):

Interrogative Sentence: āϝে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝুāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϜিāϜ্āĻžেāϏ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Interrogative Sentence āĻŦāϞে।

An interrogative sentence asks any questions to get a reply to something or someone and ends with an interrogative sign (?).

One of the two following ways may form an interrogative sentence.

1. It may begin with Helping verbs, Wh- words, and Modals Auxiliaries.

Auxiliary Verbs/ Helping verbs: am, is, are - was, were - have, has, had, etc.

Modals Auxiliaries:   shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might etc.

Example:

Do you need some money?

Is she your mother?

Should I call you?

May begin with “WH” questions like who, where, when, whom, what, which, how, etc.

Example:

What is your address?

Whom do you want?

How much money do you want?

☑️Imperative Sentence (āĻ…āύুāϜ্āĻžাāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ):

āϝে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āφāĻĻেāĻļ, āωāĻĒāĻĻেāĻļ, āύিāώেāϧ, āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦোāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•েāχ Imperative sentence āĻŦা āĻ…āύুāϜ্āĻžাāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦāϞে। āĻāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Subject (you)  āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Imperative sentences express request, order, advice, command, and suggestion.

āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏāĻšāϜ pattern āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰেঃ

“(Subject (invisible) + verb + object)”

Example:

Get out of my sight. (Order)

Do it quickly. (Order)

Never tell a lie. (Advice)

Please, give me a pen. (Request)

Kindly, do me a favour (Request)

☑️Optative Sentence (āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ): 

āϝে Sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻŽāύে āχāϚ্āĻ›া āĻ•িংāĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Optative Sentence āĻŦāϞে।

An Optative Sentence expresses desire, prayer, wish, etc.

A simple pattern can help you more. That is (MAY + ASSERTIVE), but at the same time you should keep in mind that an Optative sentence can be formed without “MAY."

āĻŦেāĻļিāϰāĻ­াāĻ— optative sentence āĻāχ may āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϤāĻŦে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦ্āϝাāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āφāĻ›ে।

Example:

May Allah help you to overcome all the hindrances.

May you be happy in your future life.

Long live my parents.

Happy birthday to you.

Good morning

āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟিāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϤাāĻ•াāϞেāχ āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ āϝে May āĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ Optative sentence āĻšā§Ÿ। āϤাāχ, āĻāϟা āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āύ⧟ āϝে Optative sentence āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে May āĻĨাāĻ•āϤেāχ āĻšāĻŦে।

☑️Exclamatory Sentence (āĻŦিāϏ্āĻŽā§ŸāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ):

Exclamatory sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āφāĻ•āϏ্āĻŽিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻšāϰ্āώ, āĻŦিāώাāĻĻ, āφāύāύ্āĻĻ, āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦা āĻŦিāϏ্āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

An exclamatory sentence expresses sudden or strong feelings or emotions like surprise, anger, delight, pain, etc. It is a term of the sudden change of mind.

Sometimes, an exclamatory sentence can start with Alas, Bravo, Ah, Hurrah, What, How, etc.

An exclamatory sign is mandatory after the end of the sentence. āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻāχ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻŽā§ŸāϏূāϚāĻ• āϚিāĻš্āύāϟি (!) āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤেāχ āĻŦāϏে । āĻ•োāύ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āϝāĻĻি Alas, Bravo, ah, Oh, Hurrah āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰāχ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻŽā§ŸāϏূāϚāĻ• āϚিāĻš্āύ āĻŦāϏাāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

Hurrah! We’ve won the game.

Alas! I am undone.

Bravo! You have achieved good marks.

What a splendid house!

Alas! He has failed in English.

Fie! What a shame.

How lovely to see you!

Noor E Alam Sir
University of Dhaka
Rifles Public School & College
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan
& South Point School, English Version.
IELTS instructor
Cell: 01750044274

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