Spoken rules 8 to 18
đSpoken Rule 8 to 18
đ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে, āĻ āϤীāϤে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻোāύ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা ( obligation ) āĻŦুāĻাāϞে āϝেāĻাāĻŦে āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāϝ়:
Rule 8 :āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāĻŦাāϧāĻāϤা (obligation) āĻŦুāĻাāϞে Sub + am to / is to / are to + V1+ Extension
āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ : āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļেāώে " āϤে āĻšā§ " āĻĨাāĻāϞে
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + to + Principal verb (present form) + extension
Person settings: I => am , He/She/It =>is and They/We/ You=>are
Example:
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻāϞেāĻে āϝেāϤে āĻšā§ = I am to go to college.
āϤাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āĻĻুāϧ āĻĒাāύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§ = He is to drink milk every day.
āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āĻŦ্āϝাā§াāĻŽ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§ = You are to take exercise every day.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻļিāĻāϤে āĻšā§ = I am to learn English.
āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰāĻে āĻĻূāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϰুāĻে āĻĻাā§াāϤে āĻšā§ = We are to stand against corruption.
āĻāĻāĻāύ āϏāĻেāϤāύ āύাāĻāϰিāĻ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻāĻা āĻŽেāύে āĻāϞāϤে āĻšā§ = As a conscious citizen I am to abide by it.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻĒিāϤাāĻŽাāϤাāϰ āĻĻেāĻাāĻļুāύা āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§ = I am to look after my parents.
2. Rule : have / has + to = āϤেāĻ āĻšā§
āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ : āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļেāώে " āϤেāĻ āĻšā§ " āĻĨাāĻāϞে
Structure: Subject + have / has + to + Principal verb (present form) + extension
Person settings: I / You / We / They => have , He / She / It => has
Example:
āϏুāĻŽিāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = Sumi has to work.
āϤাāĻে āĻŽিāĻিং āĻ āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = He has to attend meeting.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻাā§ি āĻাāϞাāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = I have to drive a car.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻļিāĻāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = I have to learn English.
āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϏāĻšাā§ āĻŽাāύুāώāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻাāĻŦāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = We have to think about the helpless people.
āϤাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϏāĻĒ্āϤাāĻšে āĻŦাā§ী āϝেāϤেāĻ āĻšā§ = He has to go to village home in every week.
āĻীāĻŦāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻেāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻেāĻ āĻāĻ োāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻļ্āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§ = Everybody has to work hard to get established in life.
Rule : had to = āϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ
āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ : āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļেāώে " āϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ " āĻĨাāĻāϞে
Structure: Subject + had + to + Principal verb (present form) + extension.
Person settings: I / We / They / He / She / It / You => had
Example:
āĻĢāϝ়āϏাāϞāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = Faisal had to work.
āϤাāĻে āĻāϤāĻাāϞ āĻŽিāĻিং āĻ āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = He had to attend meeting yesterday.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻাā§ি āĻাāϞাāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = I had to drive a car.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻāĻাāϰ āĻাāϞাāύো āĻļিāĻāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = I had to learn to operate computer.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻŦāĻ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĻিāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = I had to deliver speech in English.
āϤাāĻে ⧧⧝ā§ā§§ āϏাāϞে āĻāĻ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻেā§ে āĻāϞে āϝেāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = He had to leave this country in 1971.
āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰāĻে āĻ āύ্āϝাā§েāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϰুāĻে āĻĻাঁā§াāϤেāĻ āĻšā§েāĻিāϞ = We had to stand against the injustice.
Rule : shall / will + have to = āϤে āĻšāĻāĻŦে / āϤে āĻšāĻŦে
āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ : āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļেāώে " āϤে āĻšāĻāĻŦে / āϤে āĻšāĻŦে " āĻĨাāĻāϞে
Structure: Subject + shall / will + have to + Principal verb (present form) + extension
Person settings: I / We => shall, He / She / It / They / You => will
Example:
āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে āϧৈāϰ্āϝ āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = You will have to keep patience in danger.
āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻāĻĨা āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = I shall have to keep word.
āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻšāϞে āĻ āύেāĻ āϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = You will have to struggle a lot to get established.
āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰāĻে āύিāĻ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻাāĻŦāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = We shall have to think our own country.
āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻĄিāĻিāĻাāϞ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻā§াāϰ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝে āĻ āύেāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = You will have to keep contribution a lot at the aim of building Digital Bangladesh.
āĻāĻ āĻšোāĻ āĻŦা āĻাāϞ āĻšোāĻ āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻļিāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = Today or Tomorrow I shall have to learn English.
āϝেāĻোāύ āĻāĻĒাā§েāĻ āϤাāĻে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļ āϝেāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = He will have to go abroad by any means.
āĻীāĻŦāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻāϰীāĻŦ āϞোāĻāĻāύেāϰ āĻĒাāĻļে āĻĻাঁā§াāϤে āĻšāĻŦে = After being established in life I shall have to stand by the poor people.
Note : Generally we can use will with every person.
đĻSpoken Rule-9
Used to (āĻāϰāϤাāĻŽ, āϝেāϤাāĻŽ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻ āĻ্āϝāϏ্āϤ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে)
Structure: Subject + Used to + Verb (base form) + Ext.
Example
✪ I used to swim in the river.
āĻāĻŽি āύāĻĻীāϤে āϏাঁāϤাāϰ āĻাāĻāϤাāĻŽ।
✪ I used to live in Canada
āĻāĻŽি āĻাāύাāĻĄাā§ āĻŦাāϏ āĻāϰāϤাāĻŽ।
✪ I used to go to the park
āĻāĻŽি āĻĒাāϰ্āĻে āϝেāϤাāĻŽ।
✪ I used to recite the Holy Quran
āĻāĻŽি āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্āϰ āĻোāϰāĻāύ āϤেāϞāĻā§াāϤ āĻāϰāϤাāĻŽ।
đĻSpoken Rule-10
Let alone = āϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা
āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰ : āĻাāĻāĻে āϤাāĻ্āĻিāϞ্āϞ āĻāϰে āĻŦা āĻ āύ্āϝ āϝে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে “āϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা” āĻĨাāĻāϞে Let alone āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšā§
Structure: Subject + verb + easy task + let alone + hard task
Example
✪ āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦাāĻāϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦিā§াāϞāĻ āĻŽাāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা
You will not be able to kill a cat let alone tiger
✪ āϏে āϞেāĻাāϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻāĻĨাāĻ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা।
He cannot speak English let alone write
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻŽোāĻāϰāϏাāĻāĻেāϞ āϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āϏাāĻāĻেāϞāĻ āĻাāϞাāϤে āĻĒাāϰিāύা
I can’t drive Cycle let alone a Motorcycle
✪ āϏে āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώাā§ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāĻā§া āϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻĒাāĻļāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা
He will not be able to pass the exam let alone stood first.
• āϏে āĻĻৌāĻĄ়াāύো āϤো āĻĻূāϰে āĻĨাāĻ, āĻšাঁāĻāϤেāĻ āĻĒাāϰেāύা- He can't walk let alone run.
đĻSpoken Rule-11
Keep āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ (āĻāϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ, āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻ……)
Structure: Keep + verb(ing)+, Sub+ will/ will be+v1 + Ext.
Example:
✪ āϞেāĻে āĻĨাāĻ, āϤুāĻŽি āĻিāϤāĻŦে
Keep staying, you will win
✪ āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻĨাāĻো āϤুāĻŽি āϏুāĻী āĻšāĻŦে
Keep smiling, you’ll be happy.
✪ āϤুāĻŽি āϝেāϤে āĻĨাāĻো, āĻāĻŽি āĻĒāϰে āĻāϏāĻŦো – Keep going, I’ll come later on.
✪ āύাāĻŽাāĻ āĻĒā§āϤে āĻĨাāĻ, āϏāĻāϞ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻĒাāĻŦে
Keep praying, you’ll get solution of all problems.
✪ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ, āϤুāĻŽি āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻ āϰ্āĻāύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে
Keep trying you will achieve your aim.
✪ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ, āϤুāĻŽি āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻ āύāϰ্āĻāϞ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে
keep practicing you’ll speak English fluently
đĻSpoken Rule-12
About to……..
(āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻšā§েāĻ āĻিā§েāĻিāϞ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšুāϰ্āϤে āĻšā§āύি)
Structure: sub+ auxiliary verb+ about to+ verb (base form)+ Ext.
Example:
✪ āϏে āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻŽāϰে āĻিā§েāĻিāϞাāĻŽ
He was about to die
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻুāĻŽিā§ে āĻĒāϰেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ।
I was about to fall asleep.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻĒৌāĻে āĻিā§েāĻিāϞাāĻŽ
I was about to reach
✪ āĻোāϰāĻাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āϧāϰেāĻ āĻĢেāϞেāĻিāϞাāĻŽ।
I was about to catch the thief.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āϤোāĻŽাāĻে āĻĢোāύ āĻāϰāϤে āϝাāĻ্āĻিāϞাāĻŽ
I was about to call you
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻাāĻুāϰিāĻা āĻĒেā§ে āĻিā§েāĻিāϞাāĻŽ।
I was about to get the job.
đĻSpoken Rule-13
Spoken rule: What if
What if = (āĻি āĻšāϤো āϝāĻĻি…..)
Structure: What if + (subject + verb)
Example:
✪ What if I miss the bus? = āĻি āĻšāϤো āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽি āĻŦাāϏāĻি āĻŽিāϏ āĻāϰāϤাāĻŽ?
✪ What if someone saw me? = āĻি āĻšāϤো āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽাā§ āĻেāĻ āĻĻেāĻে āĻĢেāϞāϤ?
✪ What if I didn’t understand the problem? = āĻি āĻšāϤো āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽি āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāĻি āύা āĻŦুāĻāϤাāĻŽ?
✪ What if it rains while we are traveling?= āĻি āĻšāĻŦে āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ্āϰāĻŽāύেāϰ āĻাāϞে āĻŦৃāώ্āĻি āĻšā§?
✪ What if I didn’t complete the task? = āĻি āĻšāϤো āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āύা āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāϤাāĻŽ?
đĻSpoken Rule- 14
It’s high time- āĻāĻšাāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§.
Structure : It’s high time to + verb+ extension
✪ āĻāĻাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§|
It is high time to take preparation
✪ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāĻিāĻে āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻšাāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§।
it’s high time to solve this problem.
✪ āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻļেāĻাāϰ āĻāĻাāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§।
It’s high time to learn English.
✪ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻ্āϝাāϰিā§াāϰ āĻā§াāϰ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§।
It’s high time to build your carrier.
✪ āĻāĻšাāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻাāϰাāĻĒ āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻĒāϰিāϤ্āϝাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ।
it’s high time to put away our bad habits.
đĻSpoken Rule- 15
Having a hard time – āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŽāύে āĻšāĻā§া।
Structure: Sub + having a hard time + (verb+ing) + Extention.
Example:
✪ I’m having a hard time spending with you- āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽā§ āĻাāĻাāύো āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŽāύে āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
✪ I’m having a hard time explaining the issue- āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦিāώā§āĻি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻāϰা āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŽāύে āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
✪ I’m having a hard time finding the right answer- āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰāĻি āĻুঁāĻে āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ িāύ āĻŽāύে āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
đĻSpoken Rule-16
I’m dying to + (verb)
Example:
✪ I am dying to have your love = āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻাāϞāĻŦাāϏা āĻĒেāϤে āĻāĻŽি āĻাāϤāϰ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻি।
✪ I’m dying to express my feelings = āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻ āύুāĻুāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻŽāϰিā§া āĻšā§ে āĻāĻ েāĻি।
✪ I’m dying to take a cup of coffee = āĻāĻ āĻাāĻĒ āĻāĻĢি āĻাāĻā§াāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāϰ āϤāϰ āϏāĻāĻে āύা।
✪ I’m dying to search for a new job = āĻāĻāĻি āύāϤুāύ āĻাāĻুāϰি āĻুঁāĻে āĻĒেāϤে āĻāĻŽি āĻŽāϰিā§া āĻšā§ে āĻāĻ েāĻি।
đĻSpoken Rule-17
Supposed to…..(āĻšāĻā§াāϰ āĻāĻĨা…. āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা)
Structure: Sub + am, is, are, was, were + supposed to+ verb1+ ext.
Example:
✪ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āϤাāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āĻĻেāĻা āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা।
I’m supposed to meet him.
✪ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻŦাā§িāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা।
I am supposed to do homework.
✪ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻŽাāĻে āĻĢোāύ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻিāϞ ।
You were supposed to call me over the phone.
✪ āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻা āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻāĻĨা āύā§।
It’s not supposed to be here.
✪ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻĒাāύ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা āύা।
I’m not supposed to drink anything.
✪ āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĨা?
What are we supposed to do?
đĻSpoken rule-18
Able to (āĻিāĻু āĻāϰāϤে āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāĻā§া/āύা āĻšāĻā§া)
Structure: Sub + be able to + verb (base form)+ ext.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো – I will be able to do.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো – I will be able to come.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো – I will be able to go.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো āύা – I won’t be able to come.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো āύা – I won’t be able to go.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো – I will be able to do the work.
✪ āĻāĻŽি āĻাāĻāĻি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦো āύা – I won’t be able to do the work.
✪ āϤুāĻŽি āĻি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে? – will you be able to do?
✪ āϤুāĻŽি āĻি āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা? – Won’t you be able to do?
....................TO BE CONTINUED
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