Passage Narration এর নিয়ম

#Let's learn!

 🌀Rules of Passage Narration:

Rule-1 : প্রথমেই বক্তা/কে বলেছে

(Subject of Reporting verb-Speaker)

এবং শ্রোতা/কার সঙ্গে বলেছে (Object of Reporting verb= the person spoken to) খুঁজে বের করতে হবে।

Rule-2 : Reporting Verb এর Subject না থাকলে The Speaker’ বসবে, Object না থাকলে The Person Spoken to বসবে।

যদি subject ও Object দুটোই না থাকে

সেক্ষেত্রে The Speaker said to

the person spoken to বসবে। তবে

Reporting verb 'said' sentence অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে। যেমন :

a. The man said, "Why have you come here?" - The man asked the person spoken to why he (PST) had gone there. 

b. I shall visit the zoo tomorrow. - The speaker told the person spoken to that he (S) would visit the zoo the next day.

Rule-3 : একই বক্তার (Subject এর)

বক্তব্য বার বার আসলে Reporting verb

পরিবর্তিত হয়ে added, also said, further said, again said বসবে। তবে

এক্ষেত্রে Sentence ভেদে "said’’ verbটি পরিবর্তন হবে। যেমন :

* Interrogative sentence এ also asked, further asked, again asked হবে।

যেমন : (a) He said to me, "You will come to me tomorrow. I will give you something.’

= He told me that I would go to him the next day. He also told (added)

that he would give me something.

Rule-4 : ‘Reported Speech’ দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করা হলে উত্তরে যদি ‘Yes’ আসে তাহলে ‘yes’ এর পরিবর্তে ‘replied in the affirmative that’ বসবে এবং যদি "no" বুঝায় তবে  ‘replied in the negative that’ বসবে।

যেমন :

a. Shimul said to Tanim, ‘Have you

finished this work?’ Tanim said, ‘Yes.’ = Shimul asked Tanim if he (T) had finished that work. Tanim replied in the affirmative that he had (finished that work). 

b. Tania said to Suhana, ‘Are you eating an guava?’ Suhana said, “No.” = Tania asked Suhana if he (S) was eating an apple. Suhana replied in the negative (and said) that she was not (eating an guava).

Rule-5 : Direct Speech এ Reported Speech এর শুরুতে Sir অথবা

অন্য কোনো Word দ্বারা সম্বোধন

(Address) করা বুঝালে তা নিম্নলিখিত

নিয়মানুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে :

(শিক্ষক বুঝালে) Respectfully/with respect বসবে।

শিক্ষক না বুঝালে "Addressing as Sir"
বসবে। Friend দ্বারা সম্বোধন ‘addressing as friend’ বসবে। যেমন :
a. The officer said to the manager,
‘Sir, I need two days' leave.’ -
Addressing the manager as sir, the
officer told that he (O) needed two
days' leave.

 b. The student said to the teacher, ‘Sir, I cannot do this sum.’ - The student told the teacher with respect (respectfully)
that he (S) could not do that sum.

c. ‘Where are you going, friend?’ said Mahi. -Addressing him as friend Mahi asked where he was
going.

Rule-6 : Director Speech-এ কারও
নামে শপথ/প্রতিজ্ঞা করা  অর্থাৎ By Allah, By God দিয়ে শুরু হলে Indirect
Speech–এ প্রথমেই Swearing by
Allah/Swearing by God দিয়ে শুরু
করতে হবে। যেমন :
a. By Allah, he replied, ‘I will not leave this house. ‘ -  Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that house.

Rule-7 : Direct Speech এ
Present Participle (V+ing) Phrase যদি
extension (বাড়তি) হিসেবে থাকে
তাহলে Indirect Speech-এ তা শুরুতেই
চলে আসবে। যেমন :
a. Are you brothers? asked the
mistress of the house, turning to the
dervishes. - Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were hungry.

Prepared by Noor E Alam