Important connectors for SSC & HSC

Sentence connectors/ Sentence linkers: 

Connect means join বা যুক্ত করা। They are conjunctions. The words or phrases which connect or link the sentences to make them meaningful are called connectors or linkers.

যেসব word বা phrase. linkers হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় সেগুলো হলো :

1. Sub-ordinating conjunction : that, so that, in order that, it, whether, though, although, since, as, in order to etc.

2. Co-ordinating conjunction : and, but, or, therefore, as well as, as soon as, both, and, yet, still, either..or, neither.. nor, so, otherwise, while, whereas, not only...but also, both...and, so...that, no sooner... that etc.

Rule-1: কোনো বর্ণনার ধারাবাহিকতা বা ঘটনাক্রম বোঝাতে সাধারণত যেসব Linkers ব্যবহৃত হয়-

* At first , firstly, in the first place, at the beginning...

* Secondly, thirdly,... finally.

* At last, lastly, in the end, to conclude...finally.

* next, after that, then, afterword... ইত্যাদি

Example : If you want to do well in the examination, you have to certain things. At first you have to read attentively. secondly you have to memorize some important answers to question. Thirdly you have to write them after memorizing finally you have to revise them frequently.

Rule-2 : সাদৃশ্য বা মিল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linkers- similarly, in the same way, in the same manner ইত্যাদি।

Rul-3 : বৈসাদৃশ্য বা অমিল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত linkers-on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, in lieu of ইত্যাদি।

Rul-4 : কোনো বক্তব্যের অতিরিক্ত কিছু বা বাড়তি কিছু বলতে ব্যবহৃত linkers-in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides ইত্যাদি।

Example : The paragraph and essays are different from each other. Besides there are some similarities between them. Firstly the paragraph has a topic sentence to introduce the main idea. Secondly it has a number of sentences in the middle to develop that idea. Finally there is a concluding sentence in it to bring the main idea to a close. Similarly the essay also consists of a beginning, a middle and an end. It is therefore, obvious that the paragraph and the essay share some common features.

Ruls-5 : যা স্বাভাবিক হওয়া উচিত, তা না বুঝিয়ে অন্যকিছু বোঝালে বা বিপরীত বোঝালে ব্যবহৃত Linkers-Though, although, but in spite of, despite, nevertheless ইত্যাদি।

Ruhi worked very hard. Nevertheless (তা সত্ত্বেও) he could not prosper in life.

Though she is poor, she is honest.

Rule-6 : কোনো বর্ণনায় উদাহরণ দিতে হলে সাধারণত নিম্নোক্ত Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহৃত হয়।

For example, for instance, such as, for example, namely etc.

* There are many kinds of birds in our country. Such as the dove, the magpie, the crow, the sparrow etc.

Rule-7 : কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনার ফলশ্রুতি বা ফলাফল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linkers -consequently, hence, therefore, as a result, etc.

* Simu is a hard working girl. She was very much attentive to studies and worked very hard. As a result, she cut a good figure in her SSC exam.

Rule-8 : কোনো বিষয়ের বর্ণনায় সমাপ্তিতে বা উপসংহারে অথবা সংক্ষেপে প্রকাশ করতে কিছু Sentence connectors: in conclusion, to conclude, in fine, in brief, in short, to sum up etc.

To conclude, I want to say that every man should take care of his health.

Rule-9 : Pronoun-গুলো Sentence linkers হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়- ব্যক্তি বোঝাতে Who, whose, whom; বস্তু অর্থে that, what; সময় বুঝাতে when এবং স্থান বুঝাতে Where ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Rule-10 : এছাড়া কারণ বুঝাতে As/since ব্যবহৃত হয়। উপরোল্লেখিত Linkers ছাড়াও আরও কিছু Linking words আছে যা শুধু অনুশীলন করার মাধ্যমেই আয়ত্বে আনা সম্ভব।

নিচে কয়েকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Linking words- এর ব্যবহার প্রদান করা হলো:

 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors: Dhaka Board-2017

Mobile phone has added a new dimension into our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) ---, it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day to day communication. (b) ---, it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) --- mobile phone is not free from defect. It has some negative sides as well. (d) --, excessive use of mobile phone may cause our hearing problem. (e) ---, it is a means of money wastage. (f) ---, it is seen that many underground crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) ---, the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users. (h) ---, we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) ---, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j)---, we must have to be conscious about the negative impact of mobile phone and accordingly, we should use it carefully.

 Answer: (a) Besides/Moreover; (b) So/In fact; (c) But/However; (d) Firstly/At first; (e) Secondly; (f) Thirdly (g) Finally (h) However/ Unusually/ Generally (i) But; (j) So/Therefore

2. Rajshahi Board-2019;Jashore Board-2017

Unemployment is a great problem in our country. a) ---, it is the burning question of the day. b) --- almost all the countries of the world suffer from the curse of unemployment problem. c)--- Bangladesh is the worst sufferer of this so-called problem. d) ---, nowhere in the world this problem is so acute as in our country. e) ---, there are many reasons behind it. f) ---, our country is industrially backward. g) ---, our system of education fails to give the student an independent start of life. h) ---, it has little provision for vocational training. i) ---, our students and youths have a false sense of dignity. j) ---, they run after jobs blindly.

Answer: (a) In fact/Actually/Also/indeed/Really (b) Now/At present (c) But/However (d) But/Truly (e) However (f) Firstly / For example (g) Besides/ Secondly (h) Actually / Thirdly (i) Again / In addition (j) Therefore/ So/Hence/Finally/ Lastly/ Eventually

3. Jashore Board-2019]

Honesty is a noble virtue. The man (a) --- possesses this rare quality is the happiest man on earth. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness (b) --- nobody trusts a liar. A liar may prosper for the time being, (c) --- ultimately he goes to the dogs. (d) --- we should be honest. It is said that honesty is the best policy (e) --- dishonesty is the sign of downfall. God helps those who are honest. (f) --- dishonest people are cursed; Childhood is the best time (g) --- children should be taught honesty. It is said (h)--- children should be allowed to mix with those friends (i) ---are honest. (j) --- they can mould their characters.

Answer: (a) who; (b) because; (c) but; (d) So; (e) whereas; (f) Moreover; (g) therefore; (h) hence /that; (i) in addition; (j) Thus

4. Sylhet Board-2019

Education is essential in our life. a) --- we are not properly educated, we cannot live an honourable life in society. It teaches us b) --- how to earn but also how to spend. c) ---, it teaches d) --- to live in amity with others in society. e) ---, we must get the proper education. f) --- we should bear in mind g) --- education is not only what we learn at educational institutions but also h) --- we learn outside these institutions. i) ---, education is a lifelong process. It begins just after our birth j) --- ends only in death.

Answer: a) If; b) not only; c) In fact/Indeed; d) how; e) Therefore/So; f) On the other hand; g) that; h) what; I) In fact/In brief; j) and

5. Dhaka Board-2019

Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) ---, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) --- we are not careful about them. (c) ---, we destroy trees at random. (d) ---, one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect. (e) --- ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends upon it. (f) --- trees play a vital role on our climate, (g) ---, trees keep the soil strong. (h) ---, trees save us from flood. (i)--- tress provide us timber. (j)---- trees are our best friend.

Answer: (a) In fact/Actually; (b) But; (c) Rather; (d) As a result; (e) Since (f) Besides (g) Firstly (h) Secondly (i) Moreover (j) So/Therefore

6. Barishal Board-2019

We should always keep in mind a) --- all kinds of physical exercise are not suitable for all. b) --- different people have different capacities. c) ---, harder exercise (d) --- wrestling and gymnastics are suitable for young people e) --- they have the energy to perform them. Weaker and old people should take the milder exercise f)--- walking, jogging and freehand exercise. Over exercise never does good, g) --- it breaks down the health. h) ---, we should always take those exercises i) --- would suit us. Physical exercise is important for the preservation of good health. It j) --- builds our character.

Answer: a) that; b) For/Because; c) For example/ for instance; d) like/such as; e) as/since/ because; f) like/such as; g) rather/ instead; h) So/As a result/Therefore; i) which/ that; j) also

7. Chattogram Board-2019

We must be aware of the dangers of smoking. It is harmful to us in various ways. It causes various diseases a) --- blood pressure, heart attack, bronchitis, cancer, etc. b) --- it pollutes air. c) -- smoking causes harm to d) ---the smokers e)--- the non-smokers who remain by them. f) --- we should give up smoking. g) ---it is h) --- great an addiction to get rid of. i) --- nothing is impossible for us. j) --- we are determined to give up, we can certainly do it

 Answer: a) such as/like; b) firstly/moreover/ besides/also; c) Secondly/ Moreover/Besides/ Furthermore; d) not only/both; e) but also/and; f) So/Therefore/Hence/For this; g) but; h) so/such; I) but/however; j) If

8. Dinajpur Board-2019

We cannot walk on a road in the darkness without light. a) ---, we cannot step forward in our life without education. b) ---, throughout the ages, education has always been compared to light and c) --- ignorance has been compared to darkness. d) --- the light of education enlightens us. e) ---, it broadens our mind and widens our outlook. f) ---, it is education which helps us to become a good citizen. g) ---, education creates good citizens and ensures the smooth development of country. h) --- ignorance stands on the way of development of an individual. i)--- ignorance has a detrimental effect on the overall development of a nation. j) ---, we should come forward to educate every single person of our country and thereby, ensure the development of our country.

Answer: (a) Similarly/In the same way (b) Traditionally/So/Therefore (c) reversely/ on the other hand (d) Certainly / Of course/Actually (e) Moreover/Truly/In fact/ Besides (f) Surely/Again (g) Therefore/ Thus/Hence (h) On the other hand/ But (i) Hence/ Moreover/However (j) So/Therefore/That’s way.

9. Dhaka Board-2018

Many people think that money can do everything in life. (a) ---, it is a must for our life, it is not the thing that necessarily brings happiness. (b)---, it is absolutely a psychological matter. The person who is contented with what he gets and (c) --- he is really happy. Money can do something with happiness (d)--- it cannot give us happiness. (e) ---, we can see that the richest men of our society are not the happiest men. (f) ---, they lead a life burdened with cares and anxieties (g) --- pass sleepless nights. (h) --- there are a large number of poor men (i) --- are happy and enjoy a sound sleep. (j)---, money cannot ensure happiness.

 Answer: (a) Although/Though; b) actually; c) what; d) but; e) That is why/for this reason/so/ therefore: f) virtually; g) and; h) on the other hand; I) who; j) This way/Thus

10. Chattogram Board-2016

Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. (a)---, her economy and prosperity depend on agriculture. (b)---, our agriculture depends on the mercy of nature. (c)---, if there is sufficient rain, people can plough their lands and sow seeds in time. (d)---, they can reap a good harvest. (e)--- if it does not rain in time, the farmers cannot grow the crops easily and they do not have a good harvest. (f)---, without water our agriculture is lifeless. The rain is not always beneficial to our agriculture (g) ---, sometimes it rains so much that it causes floods. (h) ---, our crops go underwater and most often, they are totally destroyed. (i)---, the farmers who constitute the most part of our professional people, lose everything. (j)---, we can safely conclude that our economy depends on rain.

Answer: (a) So/Thus/In fact; (b) Again/but; (c) Hence/So/Therefore; (d) As a result/That is why; (e) /On the contrary/but/ on the other hand; (f) Therefore/ true that/ in fact; (g) for example/for instance; (h) That is why/ As a result/When/ Then/Consequently; (i) Consequently/Thus/So/As a result/For this; (j) Finally/ At last/So/In fine/In short

Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka