Thursday, June 30, 2022

Vocabulary

 

1. Falacy/ misconception ভুল ধারণা
2. Utopia কল্পরাজ্য যেখানে সবকিছু সুন্দরভাবে চলে
3. Peevish/ irritating বিরক্তিকর
4. Defy অমান্য করা
5. Credulous/ gullible সহজেই বিশ্বাস করে এমন ব্যক্তি
6. Demise মৃত্যু
7. Untoward অবাঞ্চিত
8. Omnipotent সর্বশক্তিমান
9. Omniscient সর্বজ্ঞ
10. Omnipresent সর্বত্র বিরাজমান
11. Procrastination দীর্ঘসূত্রতা/ গড়িমসি
12. Profound অসীম, গভীর, অগাধ
13. Unprecedented অভূতপূর্ব
14. Dissertation প্রবন্ধ/ নিবন্ধ
15. Sedentary কাজের অভাবে অলসভাবে বসে থাকা
16. Monotonous একঘেয়ে
17. Snarl চিৎকার করা
18. Twist জট পাকানো/ ঝামেলা
19. Entangled জড়িয়ে যাওয়া
20. Recuperate আরোগ্য লাভ করা/ 21. পুনরুদ্ধার করা regain, restore
22. Insipid নীরস

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Tuesday, June 28, 2022

Tips and tricks for writing Q/A

 


ইংরেজিতে প্রশ্নোত্তর লেখার কিছু সাধারণ গাইডলাইন (Some common guidelines to write down the answers to the questions in English)


1. প্রশ্ন (Questions) যদি Do/ Does দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে উত্তর (Answers) লেখার সময় do/ does উঠে যাবে এবং প্রশ্নটিকে Assertive sentence এ পরিনত করতে হবে। Does দিয়ে শুরু হলে উত্তর লেখার সময় subject এর পরে verb এর সাথে s/es/ies যুক্ত হবে। Negative sentence হলে Subject এর পরে don't/ doesn't এবং মূল Verb এর present form হবে। Subject যদি Third person singular number ( He, she, it, Faisal, Sneha, Dhaka, The boy, The girl..) হয় তবে মূল verb এর সাথে s,es, ies যুক্ত হয়। 


যেমন: (i). Why do you love cricket?

Answer: I love cricket because it gives me immense pleasure.

(ii). Does she love cricket?

Answer: Yes, she loves cricket a lot./ No, she doesn't./ No, she doesn't love cricket.

(iii). Do you play football?

Answer: Yes, I do./ Yes, I play football./ No, I don't./ No, I don't play football.


2. প্রশ্ন যদি Did দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে Answer লেখার সময় did উঠে যাবে এবং Subject এর পর verb এর past form হবে। Negative sentence হলে Subject এর পরে didn't এবং মূল verb এর present form হবে। 


যেমন: (i) When did you go to school yesterday?

Answer: I went to school yesterday around 7 am.

(ii) Did he buy the book?

Answer: Yes, he bought the book./ No, he didn't buy the book.


3. প্রশ্ন‌ যদি helping verbs / auxiliary verbs/ modals ( am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, can, could, may, might, must, shall, will, should, would, can be, could be, shall be, should be, may be, might be, must be) দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে Answer লেখার সময় Subject এর পর প্রদত্ত helping verbs/ auxiliary verbs/ modals বসে। 


যেমন: (i)Where ae they playing football?

Answer: They are playing football in the field.

(ii) Is she singing now?

Answer: Yes, she is singing now./ No, she isn't singing now.

(iii) Can the work be completed on time?

Answer: Yes, the work can be completed on time.


Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka 


Synonyms for BCS and Academic English


 📚গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু সমার্থক শব্দ (Synonyms) যেগুলো প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।

১০ম থেকে ৪০তম বিসিএস এর সকল
Synonym এবং Antonym একসাথে:

Synonyms:
Appall (মর্মাহত করা/আতঙ্কিত করা) --- dismay
(আতংকিত করা) [৪০তম]
Franchise (ভোটাধিকার) ---- privilege (নাগরিক অধিকার) [৩৮তম]
Appended (যোগ করা) ---- joined (যোগ করা) [৩৭তম বিসিএস]
Alluring (লোভনীয়)---- tempting (প্রলুব্ধকর) [৩৭তম]
proviso (শর্ত) ----Stipulation (শর্ত) [৩৭তম]
venerate (সম্মান করা) ---- Respect (সম্মান করা) [৩৬তম]
Initiative (উদ্যোগ)---- enterprise (উদ্যোগ) [৩৫তম]
Exponentialy (দ্রুতগতিতে) ----- Rapidly (দ্রুতগতিতে) [৩৫তম]
periphery (শেষ সীমানা, প্রান্ত) ---- Marginal areas (প্রান্তিক এলাকাসমূহ) [৩৫তম]
Authoritarian (স্বৈরশাসক) ---- Autocratic (স্বৈরাচারী)[৩১তম]
permissive (স্বাধীনচেতা) ---- liberal (উদার) [৩২তম]
Succumb (দাখিল করা) ---- submit (দাখিল করা) [৩৩তম]
Extempore (পূর্বপ্রস্তুতিহীন) ----- Impromptu (পূর্বপ্রস্তুতিহীন)[৩২তম]
Menacing (ভীতিকর) ---- Alarming (ভীতিকর) [৩২তম]
Courteous (ভদ্র) ---- gracious (ভদ্র) [৩২তম]
Sporadic (বিক্ষিপ্ত) ---- Scattered (বিক্ষিপ্ত) [৩১তম]
Omnipotent (সর্বশক্তিমান) ---- Supreme (সর্বশক্তিমান) [৩১তম]
Room ---- Space [৩১তম]
Condemn (নিন্দা করা) ---- Denounce (নিন্দা করা) [৩১তম]
Improvement (অগ্রগতি ) ---- Betterment (উন্নয়ন)/advancement (অগ্রগতি) [৩১তম]
pragmatic (প্রায়োগিক) ------ practical (প্রায়োগিক) [২৯তম]
precedence (অগ্রাধিকার) ----- priority (অগ্রাধিকার) [২৯তম]
Disinterested (নিরপেক্ষ ) ---- Neutral (নিরপেক্ষ)[২৯তম]
Bounty (মহত্ব) ---- generosity (মহত্ব) [২৭তম]
Obese (বেশ মোটা) ---- very fat (খুব মোটা) [২৭তম]
Magnanimous (মহানুভব) ---- generous (মহানুভব)[২৬তম]
Obdurate (অবাধ্য) ---- Stubborn (অবাধ্য) [২৪তম]
Gullibe (বিশ্বাস প্রবণ) ---- willing to believe anyone (অনায়াসে কোন কিছুতে বিশ্বাস করা) [বাতিলকৃত ২৪তম]
Viable (অর্থ করার যোগ্য) ---- that can be done [২৪তম বাতিলকৃত]
Handy (উপকারী) ---- Useful (উপকারী) [২৪তম বাতিলকৃত]
Resentment (রাগ) ----- anger (রাগ) [২৩তম]
Cohesive (দৃঢ়ভাব লেগে থাকে এমন) ---- Stick together (লেগে থাকা) [২০তম]
Infringe (ভঙ্গ করা) ---- Transgress (ভঙ্গ করা)[১৮তম]
Brochure (ব্রোশার, ছোট পুস্তিকা) ------ pamphlet (ছোট পুস্তিকা)[১৮তম]
Equivocal (অস্পষ্ট) ---- Mistaken (ভ্রান্ত) [১৮তম]
Illusive (অলীক/অবাস্তব) ----- Not certain (অনিশ্চিত) [১৮তম]
Efface (মুছে ফেলা) ---- Rub out (মুছে ফেলা) [১৭তম]
Intellectual (বুদ্ধিজীবী) ----- intelligent (মেধাবী) [১৬তম]
Intrepid (সাহসী) ---- fearless (নির্ভীক) [১৫তম]
Bootleg (চোরাচালান করা) ---- Smuggle (চোরাচালান করা) [১৫তম]
Incredible (অবিশ্বাস্য) ---- Unbelievable (অবিশ্বাস্য)[১৫তম]
scuttle (পরিত্যাগ করা) --- Abandon (পরিত্যাগ করা) [১৩ত্যাগ]
belated (ধীরগতিসম্পন্ন) ---- tardy (ধীরগতিতে চলে এমন )[১৩তম]
Sequences (অনুক্রম) ---- to follow (অনুসরণ করা) [১৩তম]
Competent (সক্ষম) ---- capable (সক্ষম) [১০তম]
Jovial (আমুদে) ---- Jolly (আমুদে)/Gay (হাসিখুসি) [১০তম]
Incite (খেপানো) ----- Instigate (খেপানো) [১১তম]
Delude (প্রতারিত করা) ---- Deceive (প্রতারণা করা) [১২তম]
euphemism (সুভাষণ) - inoffensive expression (কোমল অভিব্যক্তি) [১৩তম, ৩৮তম]
...
# Antonyms
Dearth (স্বল্পতা, অভাব)-----Abundance (প্রাচুর্য)
..................
Frugal (মিতব্যয়ী) ---- Extravagant (অপব্যয়ী, উড়নচণ্ডী) [৩৮তম]
Honorary (অবৈতনিক) ---- Salaried (বেতনভুক্ত) [১১তম]
Gentle (ভদ্র) ---- Rude (অভদ্র) [১১তম]
Supercilious (অহংকারী) ----- affable (বিনয়ী, ভদ্র, অমায়িক) [১৪তম]
Indifference (ইনডিফ্রেন্স, অনীহা) ---- ardour (উৎসাহ)
Sluggish(ধীরুজ) ---- Animated (প্রাণবন্ত) [১৭তম]
Inimical (শত্রুভাবাপন্ন) ---- Friendly (বন্ধুভাবাপন্ন)[১৭তম]
Recacitrant (অবাধ্য) ---- Compliant (বাধ্য) [২৪তম]
Liability (দায়) ---- assets (সম্পদ) [৩১তম]
Hate (ঘৃণা করা) ---- Admire (প্রশংসা করা) [৩১তম]
Repeal (বাতিল করা) ---- Enact (আইনে পরিণত করা) [৩১তম]
Equity (ন্যায়পরায়ণতা) ---- Bias (পক্ষপাতিত্ব) [৩১তম]
Oblige (বাধ্য করা) ---- Bother (বিরক্ত করা) [৩২তম]
Cynical (নৈরাশ্যবাদী) ---- Gullible (অতিবিশ্বাস প্রবণ) [৩২তম]
Initiative (উদ্যোগ) ---- apathy (অনীহা)/indolence (নিস্ক্রিয়তা)[৩৬তম]
transitory (ক্ষণস্থায়ী) ---- permanent (স্থায়ী) [৩৬তম]
Hibernate (নিষ্ক্রিয় অবস্থায় থাকা) ---- livenliness (কর্মতৎপরতা, প্রাণবন্ততা)

⛔মূল্যবান= Valuable, precious, costly, useful, beneficial,
⛔চমৎকার= Excellent, superb, outstanding, splendid.
⛔আন্তরিক= Cordial, friendly, affectionate, warm- heated.
⛔আকর্ষণীয়= Cute, adorable, pretty, catchy, appealing
⛔বিরক্তিকর= Boring, tedious, dull, disgusting, annoying,
⛔বিখ্যাত= Famous, popular, well known, prominent, famed.
⛔মন্দ/খারাপ= Bad, inferior, unsatisfactory, nasty, imperfect.
⛔সুখী/আনন্দিত= Happy, cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial
⛔ধৈর্যশীল= Patient, tolerant, calm, forbearing, persistent,
⛔বোকা/নির্বোধ= Silly, foolish, stupid, unintelligent, idiotic
⛔দক্ষ = Efficient, proficient, skilled, competent, productive.
⛔বিশ্বাস = Believe, trust, faith, confidence, admit, regard
⛔সাহায্য = Help, aid, assist, support, serve, encourage, attend
⛔দেখা = Look, see, notice, watch, observe, view, recognize,
⛔আগ্রহী = Eager, keen, interested, fervent, enthusiastic,
⛔ভুল/ত্রুটি= Wrong, incorrect, mistaken, error, fault,
⛔কল্পনা করা= Imagine, fancy, fantasy, envision, envisage.
⛔ধারনা করা= Idea, concept, belief, opinion, perception, view,
⛔তৈরি/সৃষ্টি করা= Create, make, build, produce, generate
⛔বড়/বৃহৎ= Big, large, vast, huge, immense, massive.
⛔শুরু/আরম্ভ= Start, launch, begin, inception, dawn, opening
⛔প্রশংসা করা= Admire, praise, appreciate, adore, honor,
⛔সন্তুষ্ট= Satisfaction, pleasure, amusement, cheerfulness.
⛔চিন্তা/উদ্বেগ= Worry, anxiety, concern, anguish, uncertainty,
Online English Language Club-OELC
⛔শেষ= End, conclusion, termination, finish, close, edge,
⛔সঠিক= Correct, perfect, appropriate, right, accurate, exact.
⛔বিশেষ= Special, exceptional, exclusive, uncommon, extraordinary
⛔গুরুত্বপূর্ণ= Important, significant, principal, momentous,
⛔চেষ্টা/প্রচেষ্টা= Effort, struggle, attempt, intention, try
⛔দ্রুত= Fast, quick, rapid, speedy, swift, brisk, fleet, active.
⛔শান্ত= Calm, quite, cool, peaceful, tranquil, serene, mild
⛔আবেগ= Emotion, sentiment, reaction, response, passion, feeling.
⛔ বিশ্বস্ত= Faithful, devoted, loyal, trustworthy, reliable, trusty, true.
⛔উপকারী= Beneficent, helpful, favourable, useful, beneficent.
⛔ক্রয় করা= Buy, purchase, investment, acquisition, gain, deal.
⛔বুদ্ধিমান= Intelligent, bright, smart, brilliant, creative, quick-witted.
⛔ভদ্র, মার্জিত= Polite, well- mannered, modest, gentle, courteous.
English Therapy
⛔হতাশ= Disappointed, upset, depressed, hopeless, let down.
⛔অসাধারণ= Awesome, impressive, stunning, amazing, mind- blowing.
⛔দুঃখিত= Sorry, sad, unhappy, sorrowful, downcast, penitent.
⛔ধন্যবাদ= Thanks, gratitude, appreciation, gratefulness, thanksgiving.
⛔আশাবাদী= Optimistic, hopeful, confident, promising, expectant.
⛔খুশি /সন্তুষ্ট= Glad, pleased, happy, joyful, delighted, thrilled, merry.
⛔ঘৃণা= Hate, loathing, detestation, dislike, distaste, antipathy.
⛔যাওয়া = Go, proceed, move, recede, depart, fade, disappear, travel
⛔মিথ্যা = False, fake, bogus, counterfeit, spurious, untrue
⛔সামান্য = Little, tiny, small, diminutive, shrimp, runt, puny
⛔বর্ণনা করা = Describe, represent, characterize, narrate, relate,
⛔ধ্বংস = Destroy, ruin, demolish, raze, waste, slay, end
⛔হাস্যকর = Funny, humorous, amusing, comic, comical, laughable
⛔নতুন = New, current, recent, modern, unique, up-to-date, dewy
⛔সব = all, full, whole, every, everyone, entire, total, complete
⛔সর্বদা = always, constantly, ever, permanently, evermore, eternally
⛔সুলভ = available, handy, convenient, common, attainable, obtainable,
⛔সাধারণ = General, common, ordinary, usual, normal, simple, typical
⛔বিশুদ্ধ = Pure, fresh, natural, Perfect, authentic, genuine
⛔সক্রিয় = Active, effective, abuzz, operative, reactive, live, speedy
⛔জয় = Win, victory, gain, success, conquest, , conquest, achievement
⛔উপহার = Gift, grant, presentation, reward, offering, gratuity
⛔তুলনা করা = comparison, compare, contrast, parallel, analogy, parallelism

Prepared by Noor E Alam
University of Dhaka 
সৌজন্যে: হোপল্যান্ড একাডেমি 

Wednesday, June 22, 2022

Important connectors for SSC & HSC



Sentence connectors/ Sentence linkers: 

Connect means join বা যুক্ত করা। They are conjunctions. The words or phrases which connect or link the sentences to make them meaningful are called connectors or linkers.

যেসব word বা phrase. linkers হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় সেগুলো হলো :


1. Sub-ordinating conjunction : that, so that, in order that, it, whether, though, although, since, as, in order to etc.


2. Co-ordinating conjunction : and, but, or, therefore, as well as, as soon as, both, and, yet, still, either..or, neither.. nor, so, otherwise, while, whereas, not only...but also, both...and, so...that, no sooner... that etc.


Rule-1: কোনো বর্ণনার ধারাবাহিকতা বা ঘটনাক্রম বোঝাতে সাধারণত যেসব Linkers ব্যবহৃত হয়-

* At first , firstly, in the first place, at the beginning...

* Secondly, thirdly,... finally.

* At last, lastly, in the end, to conclude...finally.

* next, after that, then, afterword... ইত্যাদি

Example : If you want to do well in the examination, you have to certain things. At first you have to read attentively. secondly you have to memorize some important answers to question. Thirdly you have to write them after memorizing finally you have to revise them frequently.


Rule-2 : সাদৃশ্য বা মিল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linkers- similarly, in the same way, in the same manner ইত্যাদি।


Rul-3 : বৈসাদৃশ্য বা অমিল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত linkers-on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, in lieu of ইত্যাদি।


Rul-4 : কোনো বক্তব্যের অতিরিক্ত কিছু বা বাড়তি কিছু বলতে ব্যবহৃত linkers-in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides ইত্যাদি।

Example : The paragraph and essays are different from each other. Besides there are some similarities between them. Firstly the paragraph has a topic sentence to introduce the main idea. Secondly it has a number of sentences in the middle to develop that idea. Finally there is a concluding sentence in it to bring the main idea to a close. Similarly the essay also consists of a beginning, a middle and an end. It is therefore, obvious that the paragraph and the essay share some common features.


Ruls-5 : যা স্বাভাবিক হওয়া উচিত, তা না বুঝিয়ে অন্যকিছু বোঝালে বা বিপরীত বোঝালে ব্যবহৃত Linkers-Though, although, but in spite of, despite, nevertheless ইত্যাদি।


Ruhi worked very hard. Nevertheless (তা সত্ত্বেও) he could not prosper in life.

Though she is poor, she is honest.

Rule-6 : কোনো বর্ণনায় উদাহরণ দিতে হলে সাধারণত নিম্নোক্ত Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহৃত হয়।

For example, for instance, such as, for example, namely etc.

* There are many kinds of birds in our country. Such as the dove, the magpie, the crow, the sparrow etc.


Rule-7 : কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনার ফলশ্রুতি বা ফলাফল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linkers -consequently, hence, therefore, as a result, etc.

* Simu is a hard working girl. She was very much attentive to studies and worked very hard. As a result, she cut a good figure in her SSC exam.


Rule-8 : কোনো বিষয়ের বর্ণনায় সমাপ্তিতে বা উপসংহারে অথবা সংক্ষেপে প্রকাশ করতে কিছু Sentence connectors: in conclusion, to conclude, in fine, in brief, in short, to sum up etc.

To conclude, I want to say that every man should take care of his health.


Rule-9 : Pronoun-গুলো Sentence linkers হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়- ব্যক্তি বোঝাতে Who, whose, whom; বস্তু অর্থে that, what; সময় বুঝাতে when এবং স্থান বুঝাতে Where ব্যবহৃত হয়।


Rule-10 : এছাড়া কারণ বুঝাতে As/since ব্যবহৃত হয়। উপরোল্লেখিত Linkers ছাড়াও আরও কিছু Linking words আছে যা শুধু অনুশীলন করার মাধ্যমেই আয়ত্বে আনা সম্ভব।

নিচে কয়েকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Linking words- এর ব্যবহার প্রদান করা হলো:

 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors: Dhaka Board-2017

Mobile phone has added a new dimension into our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) ---, it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day to day communication. (b) ---, it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) --- mobile phone is not free from defect. It has some negative sides as well. (d) --, excessive use of mobile phone may cause our hearing problem. (e) ---, it is a means of money wastage. (f) ---, it is seen that many underground crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) ---, the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users. (h) ---, we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) ---, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j)---, we must have to be conscious about the negative impact of mobile phone and accordingly, we should use it carefully.

 Answer: (a) Besides/Moreover; (b) So/In fact; (c) But/However; (d) Firstly/At first; (e) Secondly; (f) Thirdly (g) Finally (h) However/ Unusually/ Generally (i) But; (j) So/Therefore

2. Rajshahi Board-2019;Jashore Board-2017

Unemployment is a great problem in our country. a) ---, it is the burning question of the day. b) --- almost all the countries of the world suffer from the curse of unemployment problem. c)--- Bangladesh is the worst sufferer of this so-called problem. d) ---, nowhere in the world this problem is so acute as in our country. e) ---, there are many reasons behind it. f) ---, our country is industrially backward. g) ---, our system of education fails to give the student an independent start of life. h) ---, it has little provision for vocational training. i) ---, our students and youths have a false sense of dignity. j) ---, they run after jobs blindly.

Answer: (a) In fact/Actually/Also/indeed/Really (b) Now/At present (c) But/However (d) But/Truly (e) However (f) Firstly / For example (g) Besides/ Secondly (h) Actually / Thirdly (i) Again / In addition (j) Therefore/ So/Hence/Finally/ Lastly/ Eventually

3. Jashore Board-2019]

Honesty is a noble virtue. The man (a) --- possesses this rare quality is the happiest man on earth. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness (b) --- nobody trusts a liar. A liar may prosper for the time being, (c) --- ultimately he goes to the dogs. (d) --- we should be honest. It is said that honesty is the best policy (e) --- dishonesty is the sign of downfall. God helps those who are honest. (f) --- dishonest people are cursed; Childhood is the best time (g) --- children should be taught honesty. It is said (h)--- children should be allowed to mix with those friends (i) ---are honest. (j) --- they can mould their characters.

Answer: (a) who; (b) because; (c) but; (d) So; (e) whereas; (f) Moreover; (g) therefore; (h) hence /that; (i) in addition; (j) Thus


4. Sylhet Board-2019

Education is essential in our life. a) --- we are not properly educated, we cannot live an honourable life in society. It teaches us b) --- how to earn but also how to spend. c) ---, it teaches d) --- to live in amity with others in society. e) ---, we must get the proper education. f) --- we should bear in mind g) --- education is not only what we learn at educational institutions but also h) --- we learn outside these institutions. i) ---, education is a lifelong process. It begins just after our birth j) --- ends only in death.

Answer: a) If; b) not only; c) In fact/Indeed; d) how; e) Therefore/So; f) On the other hand; g) that; h) what; I) In fact/In brief; j) and


5. Dhaka Board-2019

Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) ---, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) --- we are not careful about them. (c) ---, we destroy trees at random. (d) ---, one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect. (e) --- ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends upon it. (f) --- trees play a vital role on our climate, (g) ---, trees keep the soil strong. (h) ---, trees save us from flood. (i)--- tress provide us timber. (j)---- trees are our best friend.

Answer: (a) In fact/Actually; (b) But; (c) Rather; (d) As a result; (e) Since (f) Besides (g) Firstly (h) Secondly (i) Moreover (j) So/Therefore

6. Barishal Board-2019

We should always keep in mind a) --- all kinds of physical exercise are not suitable for all. b) --- different people have different capacities. c) ---, harder exercise (d) --- wrestling and gymnastics are suitable for young people e) --- they have the energy to perform them. Weaker and old people should take the milder exercise f)--- walking, jogging and freehand exercise. Over exercise never does good, g) --- it breaks down the health. h) ---, we should always take those exercises i) --- would suit us. Physical exercise is important for the preservation of good health. It j) --- builds our character.


Answer: a) that; b) For/Because; c) For example/ for instance; d) like/such as; e) as/since/ because; f) like/such as; g) rather/ instead; h) So/As a result/Therefore; i) which/ that; j) also


7. Chattogram Board-2019


We must be aware of the dangers of smoking. It is harmful to us in various ways. It causes various diseases a) --- blood pressure, heart attack, bronchitis, cancer, etc. b) --- it pollutes air. c) -- smoking causes harm to d) ---the smokers e)--- the non-smokers who remain by them. f) --- we should give up smoking. g) ---it is h) --- great an addiction to get rid of. i) --- nothing is impossible for us. j) --- we are determined to give up, we can certainly do it


 Answer: a) such as/like; b) firstly/moreover/ besides/also; c) Secondly/ Moreover/Besides/ Furthermore; d) not only/both; e) but also/and; f) So/Therefore/Hence/For this; g) but; h) so/such; I) but/however; j) If


8. Dinajpur Board-2019


We cannot walk on a road in the darkness without light. a) ---, we cannot step forward in our life without education. b) ---, throughout the ages, education has always been compared to light and c) --- ignorance has been compared to darkness. d) --- the light of education enlightens us. e) ---, it broadens our mind and widens our outlook. f) ---, it is education which helps us to become a good citizen. g) ---, education creates good citizens and ensures the smooth development of country. h) --- ignorance stands on the way of development of an individual. i)--- ignorance has a detrimental effect on the overall development of a nation. j) ---, we should come forward to educate every single person of our country and thereby, ensure the development of our country.


Answer: (a) Similarly/In the same way (b) Traditionally/So/Therefore (c) reversely/ on the other hand (d) Certainly / Of course/Actually (e) Moreover/Truly/In fact/ Besides (f) Surely/Again (g) Therefore/ Thus/Hence (h) On the other hand/ But (i) Hence/ Moreover/However (j) So/Therefore/That’s way.


9. Dhaka Board-2018


Many people think that money can do everything in life. (a) ---, it is a must for our life, it is not the thing that necessarily brings happiness. (b)---, it is absolutely a psychological matter. The person who is contented with what he gets and (c) --- he is really happy. Money can do something with happiness (d)--- it cannot give us happiness. (e) ---, we can see that the richest men of our society are not the happiest men. (f) ---, they lead a life burdened with cares and anxieties (g) --- pass sleepless nights. (h) --- there are a large number of poor men (i) --- are happy and enjoy a sound sleep. (j)---, money cannot ensure happiness.


 Answer: (a) Although/Though; b) actually; c) what; d) but; e) That is why/for this reason/so/ therefore: f) virtually; g) and; h) on the other hand; I) who; j) This way/Thus



10. Chattogram Board-2016


Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. (a)---, her economy and prosperity depend on agriculture. (b)---, our agriculture depends on the mercy of nature. (c)---, if there is sufficient rain, people can plough their lands and sow seeds in time. (d)---, they can reap a good harvest. (e)--- if it does not rain in time, the farmers cannot grow the crops easily and they do not have a good harvest. (f)---, without water our agriculture is lifeless. The rain is not always beneficial to our agriculture (g) ---, sometimes it rains so much that it causes floods. (h) ---, our crops go underwater and most often, they are totally destroyed. (i)---, the farmers who constitute the most part of our professional people, lose everything. (j)---, we can safely conclude that our economy depends on rain.


Answer: (a) So/Thus/In fact; (b) Again/but; (c) Hence/So/Therefore; (d) As a result/That is why; (e) /On the contrary/but/ on the other hand; (f) Therefore/ true that/ in fact; (g) for example/for instance; (h) That is why/ As a result/When/ Then/Consequently; (i) Consequently/Thus/So/As a result/For this; (j) Finally/ At last/So/In fine/In short


Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka 

Antonyms

 


📚340 Words--শুধু শব্দের অর্থ জানলেই হবেনা এদের সঠিক ব্যবহারও জানতে হবে !

📘নিজেকে এগিয়ে রাখূন!!


❤️✒️ইংরেজিতে Smartly, fluently, effectively, easily and correctly কথা বলতে চাইলে বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ (Antonyms) বেশি বেশি জানতে হবে এবং যথাযথ ব্যবহার (proper utilisation) জানতে হবে ।


📚গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু বিপরীত শব্দ (Antonyms- Opposite meaning )


1. Noble - ignoble


2. Happy - unhappy 


3. Import - export 


4. Interior- exterior 


5. Maximum - minimum


6. Include - exclude


7. Junior - senior


8. Above - below


9. Majority - minority


10. Optimist - pessimist


11. Superior - inferior


12. Accept - refuse


13. Civilized - uncivilized/savage/barbaric


14. Big - small


15. Acquire - lose


16. Ancient - modern


17. Agree - disagree


18. Alive - dead


19. Barren - fertile


20. Admire - despise


21. Blunt - sharp


22. Bold - timid


23. Bright - dim/dull


24. Broad - narrow


25. Care - neglect


26. Confess - deny


27. Cool - warm


28. Best - worst


29. Energetic- lethargic


30. Clean  - dirty


31. Cruel - kind


32. Domestic - wild


33. Difficult - easy


34. Dangerous - safe


35. Dark - bright


36. Death - birth


37. Debit - credit


38. Early - late


39. Earn - spend


40. Empty - full


41. False - true


42. Guilty - innocent


43. Fine - coarse


44. Freedom - slavery


45. Fat - thin


46. Foolish - wise


47. Fresh - stale


48. Fear - courage


49. Guilty - innocent


50. Gain - loss


51. Good - bad


52. High - low


53. Humble - proud/arrogant


54. Honour - dishonour


55. Joy - sorrow


56. Knowledge - ignorance


57. Kind - cruel


58. Lie - truth


59. Little - much


60. Masculine - feminine


61. Make - mar/break


62. Natural - artificial


63. Noise - silence


64. Oral - written


65. Pride/arrogance - humility


66. Permanent - temporary/transitory


67. Presence - absence


68. Profit - loss


69. Prose - poetry


70. Quick - slow


71. Receive - give


72. Reject - accept


73. Ripe - raw


74. Rough - smooth


75. Remember - forget


76. Rich - poor


77. Sharp - dull


78. Tragedy - comedy


79. General - particular


80. Victory - defeat


81. Wild - domestic/tame


82. Weak - strong


83. Wisdom - folly


84. Youth - aged


85. Give - take


86. Laugh - cry


87. Smile - frown


88. Buy - sell


89. Here - there


90. This - that


91. Never - always


92. Stop - start


93. Wrong - right


94. Tight - loose


95. Love - hate


96. Throw - catch


97. Yes - no


98. Forward - backward


99. Stand - sit


100. Lost - found


101. Theist - Atheist


102. Easy/simple- hard/tricky


103. Ordinary - extraordinary


104. Theoretical - practical


105. Supporter - opponent 


106. Superior- inferior


107. Obey- defy


108. above – below, beneath


109. abstract – concrete


110. accept – reject


111. acquit – condemn


112. advance – retreat


113.  advantage – disadvantage


114. affirm – deny


115. affluence – poverty


116. aggravate – alleviate, lessen


117. agree – differ


118. allow – forbid


119. analysis – synthesis


120. ancestor – descendant


121. ancient – modern


122. aristocrat – commoner


123. arrive – depart


124. ascent – descent


125. assent – dissent


126. asset – liability


127. attract – repel


128. awake – asleep


129. barren – fertile


130. base – noble


131. beautiful – ugly


132. belief – doubt


133. benediction – malediction


134. Friend- foe


135. boom – slump


136. bravery – cowardice


137. beautiful – ugly


138. benevolent – malevolent


139. carnal – spiritual


140. centrifugal – centripetal


141. cheap – dear, costly


142. cheerful – gloomy


143. clean – dirty


144. clever – stupid


145. common – rare


146. compulsory – optional


147. concord – discord


148. confident – diffident


149. create – destroy


150. dark – light


151. dawn – dusk


152. debtor – creditor


153. deep – shallow


154. defensive – offensive


155 . deliberate – unintentional


156. accidental- intentional


157. diligent – crazy


158. dilute – concentrated


159.dwarf – giant


160. elevation – depression


161. exclude – include


162. exit – entrance


163. exotic – indigenous


164. expand – contract


165. explicit – implicit


166. external – internal


167. extravagant – frugal, thrifty


168. famous – obscure/ notorious


169. fast – loose, slow

 

170. fat – lean, thin


171. fictitious – real

 

172. forget – remember


173. frequent – rare


174. fresh – stale


175. friendly – hostile


176. full – empty


177. gain – loss


178. gather – scatter


179. general – particular, special


180. generous – mean


181. gradual – abrupt, sudden


182. guilty – innocent


183. harsh – gentle


184. hasty – leisurely


185. hate – love


186. haughty – meek


187. heavy – light


188. high – low


189. hit – miss


190. hollow – solid


191. honour – shame


192. hope – despair


193. host- guest


194. hurt – heal


195. ideal – actual


196. idle – busy


197. imagination – reality


198. increase – decrease


199. industrious – indolent, lazy


200. inferior – superior


201. inhale – exhale


202. input – output


203. joy – sorrow


204. junior – senior


205. kind/lenient – cruel/savage


206. kindle – extinguish


207. knowledge – ignorance


208. lament – rejoice


209. later – earlier


210. latter – former


211. lead – follow


212. lend – borrow


213. let – hire


213. liberate – enslave


214. literal – figurative


215. loose – tight


216. lose – find


217. major – minor


218. many – few


219. masculine – feminine


220. material – spiritual  


221. maximum – minimum


222. memory – oblivion


223. mild – severe, stern


224. miser – spendthrift


225. monogamy – polygamy


226. monotony – variety, diversity


227. naïve – sophisticated


228. narrow – broad


229. native – foreign


230. natural – artificial


231. negative – positive


232. neutral – partial


233. observe – reverse


234. odd – even


235. offer – refuse


236. often – seldom


237. omission – commission


238. optimistic – pessimistic


239. oral – written


240. oriental – occidental


241. original – duplicate, copy


242. ostensible – actual


243. partly – wholly


244. permanent – temporary


245. permit – prohibit


246. pleasure – pain


247. practice – theory


248. pragmatic – idealistic


249. praise – blame


250. precede – succeed


251. pride – humility


252. profit – loss


253. progress – regress


254. progressive – retrograde


255. promote – demote


256. public – private


257. quiet – noisy


258. queer – normal


259. rash – cautious, careful


260. rapid – slow, leisurely


261. recede – advance


262. relative – absolute


263. reluctant – ready, willing


264. reserved – sociable


265. resist – submit


266. retail – wholesale


267. reward – punish


268. rigid – flexible


269. ripe – raw


270. rise – fall, set


271. rough – smooth


272.  rude/ ravage– polite


273. sacred – secular, profane


274. safe – risky, dangerous


275. saint – sinner


276. servant – master


277. sharp – blunt


278. simple – complex


279. complicated- naive


280. sink – swim, float


281. smile – frown


282. sober – drunk, rash


283. solid – liquid


284. straight – crooked, curved


285. strait – broad


286. strange/ unfamiliar – familiar


287. subjective – objective


288. succeed – fail


289. sure – doubtful/ dubious


290. sweet – bitter, sour


291. sympathy – antipathy


292. tall – short


293. tense – relaxed


294. terrestrial – celestial


295. thick – thin


296. tight – loose, slack


297. top – bottom


298. tranquil – disturbed, agitated


299. transparent – opaque


300. triumph – defeat


301. trivial – important


302. true – false


303. unite – separate


304. upper – lower


305. upright/honest – dishonest


306. urban – rural


307. urbane – rude, uncultured


308. vacant – occupied


309. vague – clear, definite


310. vertical – horizontal


311. victory – defeat


312. vrtue – vice


313. voluntary – compulsory, involuntary


314. wake – sleep


315. wax – wane


316. wealthy – poor


317. wide – narrow


318. win – lose


319. wise – foolish


320. zenith – nadir


321. ability - Inability 


322. respectively- irrespectively


323. discriminately - indiscriminately


324. rational-irrational


325. remember/commemorate-forget


326. legitimate- illegitimate


327. legal- illegal


328. relevant- irrelevant


329. regular- irregular


330. literate - illiterate


331. educate - uneducate


332. predecessor- successor


333. antecedent- subsequent


334. interior- exterior


335. internal - external


336. frugal- prodigal/


337.  extravagant


338. parity- disparity


339. production- consumption


340. grateful- ungrateful


Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka 


Sunday, June 19, 2022

Important Synonyms

 


আজকের ৭১ !

নিজেকে এগিয়ে রাখূন!
❤️✒️ইংরেজিতে Smartly and correctly কথা বলতে চাইলে সমার্থক শব্দ (Synonyms) বেশি বেশি জানতে হবে এবং যথাযথ ব্যবহার (proper utilisation) জানতে হবে ।

📚গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু সমার্থক শব্দ !

শ্রদ্ধেয়= Respectable, Honourable, valued, august, venerable, reverend

বদমাইশ= Nefarious, knave, impish, scoundrel, villain

মূল্যবান= Valuable, precious, costly, useful, beneficial,

চমৎকার= Excellent, superb, outstanding, splendid.

আন্তরিক= Cordial, friendly, affectionate, warm-hearted.

আকর্ষণীয়= Attractive, cute, adorable, pretty, catchy, appealing

বিরক্তিকর= Boring, tedious, dull, disgusting, annoying, irritating

বিখ্যাত= Famous, popular, well known, prominent, famed, celebrated

কুখ্যাত= Notorious, raffish, infamous, egregious

মন্দ/খারাপ= Bad, inferior, unsatisfactory, nasty, imperfect.

সুখী/আনন্দিত= Happy, cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial

ধৈর্যশীল= Patient, tolerant, calm, forbearing, persistent,

বোকা/নির্বোধ= Silly, foolish, stupid, unintelligent, idiotic

দক্ষ = Efficient, proficient, skilled, competent, productive.

বিশ্বাস = Belief, trust, faith, confidence, admit, regard

সাহায্য = Help, aid, assist, support, serve, encourage, attend

দেখা = Look, see, notice, watch, observe, view, recognize,

আগ্রহী = Eager, keen, interested, fervent, enthusiastic,

ভুল/ত্রুটি= Wrong, incorrect, mistaken, error, fault,

কল্পনা করা= Imagine, fancy, fantasy, envision, envisage.

ধারনা করা= Idea, concept, belief, opinion, perception, view,

তৈরি/সৃষ্টি করা= Create, make, build, produce, generate

বড়/বৃহৎ= Big, large, vast, huge, immense, massive.

শুরু/আরম্ভ= Start, launch, begin, inception, dawn, opening

প্রশংসা করা= Admire, praise, appreciate, adore, honour, commend

সন্তুষ্ট= Satisfaction, pleasure, amusement, cheerfulness.

চিন্তা/উদ্বেগ= Worry, anxiety, concern, anguish, uncertainty,

শেষ= End, conclusion, termination, finish, close, edge,

সঠিক= Correct, perfect, appropriate, right, accurate, exact.

বিশেষ= Special, exceptional, exclusive, uncommon, extraordinary

গুরুত্বপূর্ণ= Important, significant, principal, momentous, pivotal

চেষ্টা/প্রচেষ্টা= Effort, struggle, attempt, intention, try, endeavor

দ্রুত= Fast, quick, rapid, speedy, swift, brisk, fleet, active.

শান্ত= Calm, quite, cool, peaceful, tranquil, serene, mild

আবেগ= Emotion, sentiment, reaction, response, passion, feeling, impulsion

বিশ্বস্ত= Faithful, devoted, loyal, trustworthy, reliable, trusty, true.

উপকারী= Beneficent, helpful, favorable, useful, beneficent.

ক্রয় করা= Buy, purchase, investment, acquisition, gain, deal.

বুদ্ধিমান= Intelligent, bright, smart, brilliant, creative, quick-witted.

ভদ্র, মার্জিত= Polite, well-mannered, modest, gentle, courteous.

হতাশ= Disappointed, upset, depressed, hopeless, let down.

অসাধারণ= Awesome, impressive, stunning, amazing, mind-blowing.

দুঃখিত= Sorry, sad, unhappy, sorrowful, downcast, penitent.

ধন্যবাদ= Thanks, gratitude, appreciation, gratefulness, thanksgiving.

আশাবাদী= Optimistic, hopeful, confident, promising, expectant.

খুশি /সন্তুষ্ট= Glad, pleased, happy, joyful, delighted, thrilled, merry.

ঘৃণা= Hate, loathing, detestation, dislike, distaste, antipathy.

যাওয়া = Go, proceed, move, recede, depart, fade, disappear, travel

মিথ্যা = False, fake, bogus, counterfeit, spurious, untrue

সামান্য = Little, tiny, small, diminutive, shrimp, runt, puny

বর্ণনা করা = Describe, represent, characterize, narrate, relate,

ধ্বংস = Destroy, ruin, demolish, raze, waste, slay, end

হাস্যকর = Funny, humorous, amusing, comic, comical, laughable

উদাসীন = Aloof, indifferent, detached, standoffish

নতুন = New, current, recent, modern, unique, up-to-date, dewy

সব = all, full, whole, every, everyone, entire, total, complete

সর্বদা = always, constantly, ever, permanently, evermore, eternally

সুলভ = available, handy, convenient, common, attainable, obtainable,

সাধারণ = General, common, ordinary, usual, normal, simple, typical

বিশুদ্ধ = Pure, fresh, natural, Perfect, authentic, genuine

সক্রিয় = Active, effective, abuzz, operative, reactive, live, speedy

জয় = Win, victory, gain, success, conquest, achievement

উপহার = Gift, grant, presentation, reward, offering, gratuity

তুলনা করা = comparison, compare

ছাত্র-ছাত্রী= Student, pupil, disciple

বালিকা= Jill, girl, wench, damsel

অমায়িক= Amiable, amicable, friendly, outgiving

বিস্মিত, আশ্চর্যান্বিত= Astonished, surprised, wondered, bewildered

হাবভাব= Demeanour, behaviour, attitude, outlook

খামখেয়ালি = Capricious, whimsical, freaky

দুষ্টু = Wicked, mischievous, naughty

....................×....................................

Prepared by : নুরে আলম
ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়
০১৭৫০০৪৪২৭৪

Saturday, June 18, 2022

Lecture sheet on Proverbs

    



   ✒️❤️Proverb- প্রবাদ

নেংটার নেই বাটপারের ভয়।

A beggar has nothing to lose.


ক্ষমা কর ও ভুলে যাও ।

Forgive and forget.

সময় এবং নদীর স্রোত কারো জন্য অপেক্ষা করে না। Time and tide wait for none.


বিনা মেঘে বজ্রপাত 

A bolt from the blue.


চোর পালালে বুদ্ধি বাড়ে।

After meat comes the mustard.


ছেড়ে দে মা কেঁদে বাঁচি।

Don't nag me, and leave me in peace.


অসময়ের বন্ধুই প্রকৃত বন্ধু

A friend in need is a friend indeed.


যেমন কর্ম, তেমন ফল।

As you sow, so you reap.


টাকায় টাকা আনে।

Money begets money.


ভাবিয়া  করিও কাজ, করিয়া ভাবিও না

Look before you leap.


আয় বুঝে ব্যয় করো

Cut your coat according to your cloth.


কাটা ঘায়ে নুনের ছিটে ।

To add insult to injury.


নিজের পায়ে নিজে কুড়াল মারা।

To dig one’s own grave.



সবুরে মেওয়া ফলে/ ধৈর্য্য ধরা কষ্টের কিন্তু এর ফল মিষ্টি Patience is bitter but its fruitis is sweet


সঙ্গদোষে লোহা ভাসে

 A man is known by the company he keeps


গাছে কাঁঠাল গোঁফে তেল ।

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched .


বিন্দু বিন্দু জলে সিন্ধু হয়

রাই কুড়িয়ে বেল।

Drops of water make ocean.


বলা সহজ, করা কঠিন ।

It is easy to say but difficult to do.


সময়ে একফোড়, অসময়ে দশফোড়

A stitch in time saves nine. 


অসারের তর্জন গর্জনই সার; অল্প জলে পুঁটিমাছ ফরফর করে; বর্ষন নেই গর্জন সার।

Empty vessels sound much.


নিজের (আপনার) ভালো পাগলও বোঝে।

Even a fool knows his business.


দেওয়ালেরও কান আছে।

Even walls have ears.


দুঃখের পরে আসে সুখ ।

Every cloud has silver shining .


আপন গাঁয়ে কুকুর রাজা

বন গাঁয়ে শিয়াল রাজা।

A dog is a lion is his lane.


টাকায় সকলে বশ হয় ।

Every man has his price .

Anybody can be convinced by a certain amount of money more or less.


চাচা আপন প্রাণ বাঁচা।

Every man is for himself.


নিজের জিনিস সকলেই ভাল দেখে।

Everyone thinks his own geese swans.


অনভ্যাসের ফোঁটায় কপাল চড়চড় করে

Every shoe fits not every foot .


পাপ ছাড়ে না বাপকে ।

Sinners cannot go unpunished.


উপদেশের চেয়ে দৃষ্টান্ত ভালো।

Example is better than precept.


অভিজ্ঞতাই সর্বোত্তম শিক্ষক।

Experience is the best teacher.


ঠেকে শেখা আর দেখে শেখা।

Experience teaches better than wisdom.


ডোল ভরা আশা আর কুলো ভরা ছাই।

Extravagant hopes lead to complete disappointment.


ব্যর্থতাই সাফল্যের স্তম্ভস্বরূপ।

Failure is the pillar of success.


বিশ্বাস পাহাড়কেও টলায় ।

Faith will move mountains.


মিষ্টি কথায় চিড়ে ভিজে না।

Fine words butter no parsnips.


আগে আসলে আগে পাবে ।

First come, first served .


প্রথমে উপযুক্ত হও, তারপর আকাঙ্খা কর ।

First deserve then desire .

Be qualified before you hope to get anything.


গাঁয়ে মানে না আপনি মোড়ল।

Fool to others to himself a sage.


বোকারা অনেক দেরিতে বোঝে।

Fools of yesterday are the wise men of today.


মূর্খই মূর্খের কদর করে ।

Fools praise fools .


হাতি ঘোড়া গেল তল, পিপড়া বলে কত জল।

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.


ক্ষমা পরম ধর্ম 

Forgiveness is a great virtue.


ভাগ্যবানের বোঝা ভগবানে বয়।

Fortune favours the brave.


পরিশ্রমীদের প্রতি ভাগ্য সুপ্রসন্ন ।

Fortune favors the industrious .


লক্ষ্মী চঞ্চলা।

Fortune is fickle .

Riches have wings.


অধিকতর খারাপ অবস্থায় পড়া।।

From the frying pan to the fire.


কাজের সময় কাজী, কাজ ফুরালে পাজী।

Get rid of one who has served the purpose.


বানরকে লাই দিলে মাথায় ওঠে।

Give him an inch and he will take an ell.


যার যা প্রাপ্য তাকে তা দাও ; শয়তানকেও তার ন্যায্য পাওনা দেবে।

Give the devil his due.


কান টানলে মাথা আসে ।

Give the one, the other will follow .


পরিশ্রমীদের আল্লাহ সাহায্য করেন।

God helps them who help themselves.


মুখ দিয়েছেন যিনি, আহার দিবেন তিনি।

God never sends mouths, but He sends meat.


খোশ খবরের মিথ্যাও ভাল।

Good news is good, if it is proved false.


চেনা বামুনের পৈতা লাগে না।

A known man needs no recommendation.


দূরের জিনিস ভালো দেখায় ।

Grass in always greener on the other side of the fence .


আপনার চরকায় তেল দাও ।

Mind your own business.


মহৎ লোকেরা এ রকম চিন্তা করেন ।

Great minds think alike .


মুখে বুলি লম্বা, কাজে অষ্টরম্ভা।

Great talkers are little doers .

Empty vessels sound much


কুকুরের পেটে ঘি সয় না

ঢেঁকি স্বর্গে গেলেও ধান ভানে।

কয়লা ধুলে ময়লা যায় না।

Habit is the second nature.

Black will take no other hue.


নাই মামার চেয়ে কানা মামা ভাল।

Half a loaf is better than no loaf.

Something is better than nothing.


যে হাতে দোলনা দোলায়, সে হাত পৃথিবী চালায় ।

Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.


রূপে কালো গুণে আলো।

Handsome is that handsome does.

A man's action is more important rather than his appearance.


জাতের মেয়ে কালো ভালো নদীর পানি ঘোলা ভালো ।

Handsome is what handsome does .

A man’s action is more important rather than his appearance


পরের মন্দ করতে গেলে আপনার মন্দ আগে হয় ।

ভয় করলে ভয় আপনি এসে পড়ে ।

Harm watch, harm catch.


তাড়াতাড়ি কোন কাজ ভালো হয় না।

Haste makes waste.


নুন আনতে পান্তা ফুরায়।

He can hardly keep the wolf from the door.


তার একটু মাথায় ছিট আছে।

He is a bit crazy or eccentric.


সে কচি খোকা নয়।

He is no chicken.


শেষ ভালো যার সব ভালো তার ।

All’s well that ends well.


যে টাকা দেয় তার ইচ্ছাতেই কর্ম হয়।

He who pays the piper calls the tune.


ভাজা মাছটি উলটে খেতে জানে না।

He poses to be quite simple and innocent.


চক চক করলেই সোনা হয় না ।

Don’t judge a book by its cover .

All that glitters is not gold.


ইট মারলে পাটকেলটি খেতে হয়।

Tit for tat.


পরিশ্রম সৌভাগ্যের প্রসূতি

Industry is the mother of good luck.


ইচ্ছা থাকলে উপায় হয়।

Where there is a will, there is a way.


একতাই বল।

Unity is strength.


অধ্যাবসায় সফলতার চাবিকাঠি

Perseverance is the key to success.



অধিক মাখামাখিতে মান নষ্ট।

Familiarity breeds contempt.


ভাগ্যের (কপালের) লেখন, না যায় খণ্ডন। 

Fate cannot be resisted.


ভাগ্যং ফলিত সর্বত্র ।

Fate rules everywhere .


যারে দেখতে নারি, তার চলন বাঁকা ।

Faults are thick where love is thin .



ভয়ে গায়ের রক্ত শুকিয়ে যায়।

Fear makes the blood curdle.


ঘরের শত্রু বিভীষণ।

A disguised enemy in one’s own house.


জীবে প্রেম করে যেইজন, সেইজন সেবিছে ঈশ্বর ।

He prayeth best who loveth best.


সাপ হয়ে কাটে, আর ওঝা হয়ে ঝাড়ে ; বরের ঘরের পিসী, কনের ঘরের মাসী।

He runs with the hare and hunts with the hounds.



কুটো চুরি করতে করতেই কুলো চোর হয়।

He that will steal an egg will steal an ox.


মেয়েকে জয় করতে হলে আগে তার মাকে খুশী কর।

To marry a woman one needs to impress her mother first.


অনেক কাজ একসাথে শুরু করলে কোনটাই ভালো হয় না।

He who begins many things, finishes but few.


দুই নৌকায় পা দিলে কোনটাতেই ওঠা যায় না।

He who follows two hares catches neither .


আপনি শুতে ঠাঁই পায় না, শষঙ্করাকে ডাকে।

A beggar must not make room for his companion


অদৃষ্টে করলা ভাতে, বিচি কচকচ করে তাতে।

He who is born in misfortune stumbles as he goes.


আকাশের দিকে থুথু ফেললে আপন গায়েই লাগে ।

He who spits against the wind spits against his own face .


দশের লাঠি একের বোঝা।

= Many a little makes a mickle.


কারও পৌষ মাস, কারও সর্বনাশ ।

= One’s harvest month, is another’s complete devastation.


বিপদ কখনও একা আসে না।

= Misfortune never comes alone.


এক মাঘে শীত যায় না

= One swallow does not make a summer.


মন্ত্রের সাধন কিংব শরীর পতন।

= Do or die.


বাপ কা বেটা

= Like father, like son.


এক হাতে তালি বাজে না

= It takes two to make a quarrel.


সে হাড়ে হাড়ে দুষ্ট

= He is wicked to the backbone.


ভাই ভাই ঠাঁই ঠাঁই

= Brothers will part.


চোখের আড়াল হলেই মনের আড়াল হয়। Out of sight, out of mind.


গাইতে গাইতে গায়েন ‌।

Practice makes a man perfect.


অতি ভক্তি চোরের লক্ষণ

= Too much courtesy, too much craft.


 অভাবে স্বভাব নষ্ট

= Necessity knows no law


অতি দর্পে হত লংকা।

= Pride goes before its fall.


অপচয় করো না, অভাবও হবে না।

= Waste not, want not.


অতি লোভে তাঁতি নষ্ট

Grasp all, lose well.


কষ্ট বিনা কেষ্ট মেলে না।

No pains, no gains.


জোর যার মুল্লুক তার

Might is right.


অসির চেয়ে মসি বড়

The pen is mightier than the sword. 


❤️❤️খাতায় লিখে রাখো, কাজে লাগবে- Hard labour does not fall in vain. The more you read,  the more you learn. Note down the proverbs and memorize them. They will help you much. Thanks for your patience.

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Happy learning !

Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka


Tuesday, June 14, 2022

Preposition Lecture sheet

 



  English
নূরে আলম স্যার
University of Dhaka
Ex Lecturer: BIT & South Point
Cell number: 01750044274

1. 📚নিম্নের শব্দগুলোর পর Preposition 'to' বসে।

detrimental, incline, harmful, beneficial, injurious, according, accustomed, add, admit, affectionate, attend, bar, cling, belong, close, commit, common, known, confined, congenial, contrary, dedicate, devote, expose, exceptional, yield, grateful, hostile, indebted, introduced, irrelevant, liable, loyal,object, prefer, preferable, senior,junior, inferior, superior, talk, adjacent, adhere, stick, next, prone, refer, reply, speak, lead, eager,willing, indifferent, attentive, married, known, with a view to, look forward to

2. 📚নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর in বসে।
expert, excel, indulge, succeed, believe, faith, assist, interested, consist (নিহিত অর্থে), lie, encourage, grory, persist, rich, trade.

3. 📚 নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর from বসে।
refrain, resist, abstain, prohibited, protect, prevent, preserve, aloof, different, suffer.

4. 📚 নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর of বসে।

fond, sure, conscious, aware, inform, proud, boast, capable, deprive, devoid, accused, charged, advantage, dull, afraid, approve, bereft, cause, consist(গঠিত অর্থে), cure, in the habit, in favour, envious, fear, full, ignorant, get rid, jealous, shortage.

📚 নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর on বসে।
congratulate, comment, pride, rely, bestowed, insist, determined, depend, impose, reflect, take pity.

5.📚 With এর ব্যবহার
  ১।সাথে বুঝাতে with বসে। যেমনঃ He came with me.
২।দ্বারা / দিয়া বুঝাতে with বসে। যেমনঃ I killed the snake with a stick,
৩।কারন with বসে। যেমনঃ The shadow lengthened with the approach of the sun.

নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর with বসে।
burden, cope, keep, up, keep pace, acquitted, angry, annoy, beset, blessed, covered, compare(ব্যক্তির সাথে হলে with কিন্তু জিনিসের সাথে হলে to), content, familiar, invest, popular, reward, , disgusted, charmed, impressed, satisfied, pleased

6. 📚By এর ব্যবহার
  ১।কোন উপায় বা পদ্বতির মাধ্যমে বুঝাইতে তার আগে by বসে। যেমনঃ By hard labour.

২।পাশে বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ He sat by me.

৩। মাধ্যম বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ Faisal achieved success by determination.

৪।পথ অর্থে বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ I shall travel by road.

৫।শপথ নেয়া বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ I swear by Almighty Allah.

৬।Passive Form-এ by বসে। যেমনঃ The work was done by me.

৭পরিমাপ বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ The room is 12 feet by 10 feet.

৮সময়(সুনির্দিষ্ট) বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ He will come back by 5 pm.

৯।হার বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ They are improving day by day.

১০।কারো সম্পর্কে জানতে অর্থ বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ He is an American by birth.

১১।যানবাহনে ভ্রমণ বুঝাতে by বসে। যেমনঃ We went to Sirajganj by bus.

কিন্তু পায়ে হেঁটে বুঝাতে on> He goes to school on foot.


📚 নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর by বসে।
accompanied, affected, judge.

7. 📚 Off-এর ব্যবহার
  ১: নির্দিষ্ট স্থান থেকে দূরে কিংবা সময়ের ব্যবধান বোঝাতে off ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: (a) I called him but he ran off. (b) Summer is not far off now.
২: কোনো কিছু দূরীভূত হয়েছে বোঝাতে off ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: (a) Take your shoes off. (b) He has had his beard shaved off.
৩: বন্ধ কিংবা বাতিল বোঝাতে off ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: The ceremony is off.

৪: কর্ম থেকে দূরে বা ছুটি বোঝাতে off ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: (a) She is off today. (b) I have got three days off next week.

9. 📚 নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর for বসে।
compensate, ask, affection, appetite, bound, care, desire, long, fit, search, seek, thirst, zeal, zest.

📚10. From এর ব্যবহার
  ১। কারো নিকট হইতে অথবা কোন স্থান হইতে বুঝাইলে from বসে। যেমনঃ
আমার নিকট হইতে = from me.
ঢাকা থেকে = From Dhaka.

i. The man came from abroad. 

ii. Don’t get down from a running bus.

📚11. নিম্নের শব্দ গুলোর পর at বসে।
arrive, astonished, annoyed, envy, fire, knock, shame, smile, surprised, wonder, alarm, jeer, stare, look, , annoyed,  alarmed,  shocked, laughed, displeased, distressed, disappointed, aim

📚📚 📔Very  Important Post

প্রশ্নঃPreposition কাকে বলে? এবং
কোন Preposition কোথায় বসে?????

উত্তর ঃPreposition হল এমন শব্দ যা কোন Noun, pronoun, Noun phrase এর আগে বসে তার সাথে বাক্যস্থিত অন্য কোন শব্দের সম্পর্ক প্রকাশ করে।

যেমনঃ She goes to University.

এখানে to শব্দটি go এবং University এর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক তৈরি করে।

সাধারণ নিয়মাবলীঃ

📖 ২৪ ঘন্টার বড় সময় (দিন, সপ্তাহ, মাস, বছর, সাল,) ইত্যাদির পূর্বে on, in বসে। (যেমনঃ in 1980, on May, on weekdays, on a holiday, on Sunday etc.)

📖 ২৪ ঘন্টার ছোট সময় (সকাল, দুপুর, বিকাল, সন্ধা, রাত, ঘড়ির সময়) ইত্যাদির পূর্বে at,in বসে।(নোটঃ সকাল হতে সন্ধ্যা অবধি সময়ের পূর্বে the থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে। যেমনঃ in the morning,
in the evening, in the afternoon
at noon, at night,  at 5 pm

📖 দিবস, তারিথ, সাপ্তাহিক বার ইত্যাদির পূর্বে on বসে।

📖 বড় স্থান/জায়গার পূর্বে in ও ছোট স্থান/জায়গার পূর্বে at বসে। (যেমনঃ I live at Banasree in Dhaka in Bangladesh.

📖 Perfect continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে সময়ের সমষ্টির পূর্বে for এবং নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের পূর্বে since বসে. He has been suffering from fever for two days.

📖 কোন কিছু স্পর্শ করে আছে বুঝালে তার পূর্বে on বসে।

📖 শূণ্যস্থানের পরের শব্দ verb এর present (base from) হলে শূণ্যস্থানে to বসে।

বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে Preposition এর ব্যবহার
📖 At এর ব্যবহার
১. ছোট স্থান/শহর/জায়গার পূর্বে at বসে। যেমন: He lives at Rampura in Dhaka.
২. নিদ্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝাতে at বসে। যেমন: I go to school at 9 am.
৩. দূরত্ব বুঝাতে at বসে। যেমন: Sirajganj is at 160 kilometers from here.
৪. দামের পূর্বে at বসে। যেমন: Potato sells at 20 tk. Per kg.
৫. দায়িত্ব বুঝাতে at বসে। যেমন: You must do this at your own risk.
৬. বয়স বুঝাতে at বসে। যেমন:He passed S.S.C at 16.

📖 On এর ব্যবহার
১. কোন কিছুর উপর সংলগ্ন বুঝাতে On বসে। যেমন: Keep the mobile on the table.
২. বার/দিন/তারিখের পূর্বে© On বসে। যেমন: I went there on Saturday.
৩. নদীর তীরে বুঝাতে On বসে। যেমন: Sirajganj is on the Jamuna.
৪. নির্ভরতা বুঝাতে On বসে। যেমন: We live on rice.
৫. Floor এর সংখ্যা বুঝাতে on বসে। যেমনঃ The Bank is on the 5th floor.
৬. সম্বন্ধ বুঝাতে On বসে। যেমন: He wrote an essay on Liberation.

📖 In এর ব্যবহার
১. বড় স্থানের পূর্বে in বসে। যেমন: I live in Bangladesh.
Note: (“I live at Banasree in Dhaka” উদাহরণটিতে লক্ষ্য করুন- Dhaka বড় জায়গা হওয়ায় in ও Banasree ছোট জায়গা হওয়ায় at বসেছে)
২. কোন বিষয় বা ভাষা বুঝালে তার আগে in বসে। যেমন: In English, In Bengali. I wrote a novel in English.
৩. সময়ের ক্ষেত্রে বছর/মাসের পূর্বে In বসে। যেমন: He was born in 1980.
৪. পেশার পূর্বে In বসে। যেমন: He joined in navy.
৫. বিষয়ের পূর্বে In বসে। যেমন: He studies in English.
৬. অবস্থা বুঝাতে In বসে। যেমন: She is in happy mode.
৭. ক্ষেত্র বুঝাতে In বসে। যেমন: I have nothing to say in this regard.

📖 To এর ব্যবহার
১. কোন স্থানে আসা এবং যাওয়া বুঝালে ঐ স্থানের আগে to বসে।
যেমন: He goes to market. He went to Italy.
২. ব্যক্তির কাছে বুঝালে তার আগে to বসে। যেমন: Ris came to me,
৩. অনুসারে বুঝাতে to বসে। যেমন: I work according to rule.
৪. সীমানার বাইরে বুঝাতে to বসে। যেমন: Korea is to the east of our country.

📖 OF এর ব্যবহার
১. অধিকার/মালিকানা বুঝাতে Of বসে। যেমন: This is the car of Mr Arif.
২. উপকরণ বুঝাতে Of বসে। যেমন: The shoe is made of leather.
৩. কারণ বুঝাতে Of বসে। যেমন: The man died of cancer.
৪. সম্পর্ক বুঝাতে Of বসে। যেমন: I know everything of it.

📖 Over এর ব্যবহার
১. কোন কিছু স্পর্শ না করে উপরে বুঝাতে Over বসে। যেমনঃ The
plane is over the field
২. মাধ্যম বুঝাতে Over বসে। যেমনঃ He talked over telephone.

৩. বিপরীত পাশ বুঝাতে Over বসে। যেমনঃ They live over the road.
৪. অধিক বুঝাতে Over বসে। যেমনঃ Siyam was in India for over a month.
৫. সমগ্র/সারা অর্থ বুঝাতে Over বসে। যেমনঃ They have traveled all over the world.

📖 Above এর ব্যবহার
১. সংযুক্ত না হয়ে উপরে বুঝাতে Above বসে। যেমনঃ The fan is above my head.
২. মানের উপরে বুঝালে Above বসে। যেমনঃ I got above 90% marks in English.

📖 With এর ব্যবহার
১. সাথে বুঝাতে With বসে। যেমনঃ He came with me.
২. দ্বারা/দিয়া বুঝাতে With বসে। যেমনঃ I write with this pen.

📖 For এর ব্যবহার
১. জন্য বুঝাতে For বসে।যেমন: I would like to do something for you.
২. সময়ের আগে ধরে/যাবৎ/ব্যাপিয়া বুঝাতে For বসে। যেমন: He has been
working for 4 hours.
৩. কারণ বুঝাতে For বসে। যেমন: I will go to India for a tour.
৪. মূল্য বুঝাতে For বসে। যেমন: I have bought a Mobile for 5000 tk.
৫. সাহায্য অর্থে বুঝাতে For বসে। যেমন: Please do this favor for me.

📖 By এর ব্যবহার
১. পাশে বুঝাতে By বসে। যেমন: She sat by me.
২. পথ অর্থে বুঝাতে By বসে। যেমন: They will go there by road.
৩. কোন উপায় বা পদ্ধতি বুঝাতে তার আগে By বসে। যেমন: By hard work.
৪. মাধ্যম বুঝাতে By বসে। যেমন: He achieved success by hard labour.
৫. পরিমাপ বুঝাতে By বসে। যেমন: The table is 2 feet by 3 feet.
৬. হার বুঝাতে By বসে। যেমন: He is improving day by day.

📖 From এর ব্যবহার
কারো নিকট হতে অথবা কোন স্থান হতে/থেকে বুঝালে ব্যক্তির বা স্থানের আগে From বসে।

যেমন: তোমার নিকট হতে – From you.
I took this pen from Ria.

সিরাজগঞ্জ থেকে – from Sirajganj
He bought sweets from market. |

📖 Into এর ব্যবহার
১. বাইরে থেকে ভিতরে বুঝাতে Into বসে।যেমনঃ The boy entered into the room.

২. সংঘর্ষ বুঝাতে Into বসে।যেমনঃ The car crashed into a parked microbus.

৩. সংখ্যায় ভাগ হওয়া বুঝাতে Into বসে। যেমনঃ They were divided into five
groups

📖 Within এর ব্যবহার
নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে বুঝাতে Within বসে। যেমনঃ I will come back within 20 minutes.

📖 Towards এর ব্যবহার
দিকে বা বরাবর বোঝাতে Towards বসে। যেমনঃ I’m going towards university.

📖 Before এর ব্যবহার
১. পূর্বে বুঝাতে Before বসে। যেমনঃ Rina came before launch.
২. সম্মুখে বুঝাতে Before বসে। যেমনঃ Rina stood before me.

📖 After এর ব্যবহার
১. ‘পরে’ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে After বসে। যেমনঃ I will play after study.
২. চলমান অবস্থার পিছনে বুঝাতে After বসে। যেমনঃ Police run after the criminal.

📖 Below এর ব্যবহার
নিচে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে Below বসে। যেমনঃ We live below the sky. Please see the rule which is given below.

📖 Under এর ব্যবহার
১. নিচে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে Under বসে। যেমনঃ Let’s sit under the tree.
২. বিবেচনাধীন অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে Under বসে। যেমনঃ This case is under the court.
৩. অধীনে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে Under বসে। যেমনঃ He serves under me.

📖 Across এর ব্যবহার
এক প্রান্ত থেকে অন্য প্রান্ত বুঝাতে across বসে।
যেমনঃ Poverty is increasing across the country. Go across the street

📖 Along এর ব্যবহার
বরাবর অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে along বসে। যেমনঃ Go along the bed.

📖 Through এর ব্যবহার
কোন কিছুর মাধ্যমে বা মধ্যদিয়ে বুঝাতে Through বসে।
যেমনঃ They went our village Through the forest

📖 Against এর ব্যবহার
১. বিরুদ্ধে বুঝাতে Against বসে। যেমনঃ We fought against Pakistan in liberation war.
২. বিপরীত অর্থ বুঝাতে Against বসে। যেমনঃ Rina Sat against the wall.

📖 About এর ব্যবহার
১. সম্বন্ধে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে About বসে। যেমনঃ Rafiq told me about the game.
২. প্রায় অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে About বসে। যেমনঃ The movie is about to end.

📖 Beside এর ব্যবহার
পাশে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে beside বসে। যেমনঃ She sat beside me.

📖 Behind এর ব্যবহার
পিছনে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে behind বসে। যেমনঃ Please stay behind me.

📖 Beyond এর ব্যবহার
সাধ্যের বাইরে বুঝাতে Beyond বসে। যেমনঃ The price of the Dress is beyond my budget.

📖 Down এর ব্যবহার
উপর থেকে নিচে বুঝাতে Down বসে। যেমনঃ He fell down from a building.

📖 Since এর ব্যবহার
নির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝাতে Since বসে। যেমনঃ It has been raining since morning.

📖 Without এর ব্যবহার
ছাড়া/ব্যতিত বুঝাতে without বসে। যেমনঃ Fish cannot live without water.

📖 Between ও Among এর ব্যবহার

Between: দুইয়ের মধ্যে বুঝাতে/তুলনা করতে Between বসে।
যেমনঃ Bangladesh will win between India & England.
Divide the apple between the two boys.

Among: দুইয়ের অধিকের মধ্যে বুঝাতে/তুলনা করতে Among বসে।
যেমনঃ The bees were buzzing among the flowers.

Divide the apples between the Rimon and Himel.

Prepared by Noor E Alam




Online Education

          


          Online Education

...................................................................

Now we are living in the age of a technology-based world. Our education system is getting the touch of technology day by day. Online Education System is an alternative option for the traditional method. Now it is becoming popular and trends in our country as well as throughout the world. The highly advanced technology-based nations of the world already entered online education methods. Nowadays many universities and educational institutes are shifting towards the online learning pattern. They share their curriculum and the whole syllabus online. Online education is necessary for the people who are working and want to complete their studies from home. In an online system, students can attend classes from home. Many institutes serve their studies online for free or at a little cost.The online class system is very fruitful for the students in emergency issues. In Bangladesh, online class is not still available, especially in the rural areas. Poor networking system is the main reason for it. Besides, most of the teachers of our country aren’t used to carry online classes. They feel more comfortable with the formal teaching-learning system. In the Online Education System student activities can not be monitored like schools and colleges. Online classes may cause health hazards such as headaches, eye sight problems, etc. In spite of some demerits, the online learning system has been introduced us to a new era of education. We should welcome the system.

Prepared by Noor E Alam Sir

University of Dhaka

Facebook: Merits and Demerits

 Facebook is a networking site, which connects people all over the world, making the Earth a global village. This social networking giant was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and his friends. The website mainly aims at connecting people or helps them socialise and makes its revenue out of advertising. A lot of teachers today feel that since the usage of facebook is very familiar with students across the globe, it may prove to provide an upper hand in their education, if used properly. Teachers and students may become facebook friends. That is way, teachers may know a lot about their students personally. The student teacher interaction which may not be plausible in the classroom may be made possible online. Teachers and students can post study related videos and articles on their wall, for other students to view and learn. If students and teachers are facebook friends, students will be able to ask doubts any time and get clarified based on the availability of the staff online. If the topics and dates of submission for assignments are posted on facebook, it would be convenient for both the staff and the student. This networking may create a bonding between the preacher and the preached that may not be possible in today's classrooms. As we all know, there are two sides to a coin, to an untold story and to every other thing on earth. Everything has its pros and cons. Hence, facebook, if used properly can be made a powerful educational tool. But, the students who spent more than six hours on facebook were found to have lost interest in studies and eventually, their GPA were less. But, the advantages of facebook can be made to outweigh its disadvantages if educators start using facebook as an educational tool. In conclusion, this study is all about fore fronting the emerging phases of Facebook with special attention to education and academic purposes. Therefore, this paper triggers empiric and theoretical probe on academic activities in Facebook.

TV

 


There is no unmixed blessing on earth. Everything has its advantages  and disadvantages. Similarly TV has some advantages and disadvantages.Television is considered a vast media for communication. It is at the same time considered a media running in everyone’s home carrying misinformation. Likewise, there are so many debates on the advantages and disadvantages of television. Television carries the news from one corner of the world to another at the same time it carries so many unwanted programmes. The educational programmes in television are innumerable. Lots of programmes are available on science and technology. Current news is made available with audio and visuals through television. Many learning programmes and social programmes are also telecasted in many channels. This will be a great way to motivate people to know and excel in their field of expertise. Women at home rely on television as their best companion. Women today at home cannot imagine a day without television. They can also find television as a medium to bring everyone in the family together for some time. Many animated programmes and cartoon channels are telecasted for kids and children. Programmes that are informative and teach them easily are also available in such channels. For people who work the whole day, television is a big stress buster. Watching various channels, fun programmes and songs would give them great relief. On the other hand, many children start to become addicts to television. This ultimately spoils their studies. Though educational programmes are telecasted in television, kids and children tend to watch only cartoon programmes and time consuming programmes. Another great disadvantage is that watching television for long hours might disturb a person’s sleep cycle, routine and severely affect one’s health too.


City life Vs Rural life

 There is no unmixed blessing on earth. Everything has its merits and demerits. Similarly city life has some demerits than merits.

1-Pollution: Air is more polluted in a city. It gets polluted in many ways, people cannot breath in pure air. Besides this, there are water pollution and sound pollution.

2-Higher standard of living: In a city the standard of living is costlier and higher, people of limited income lead income their life through much hardship, the price of things are very higher.

3-More violence and crime: More violence and crime take place in a city, the criminals do not hesitate to commit crime, violence, killing, hijacking and so many crimes and anti-social activities.

4-More in secured life: Life in a city is more in secures. People have no safety and security, less scope of enjoying of natural beautiful flowers and murmuring streams on the earth below. He cannot hear the sweet songs of birds.

5-More traffic jam: Sometimes people in a city get stuck in a traffic jam and as a result they suffer more.

6-Less scope of getting fresh things: there is less scope of getting fresh things, in a city there is adulteration in everything.

7-Less scope of enjoying life: he is always in a hurry as if some invisible demon, the demon of materialism, drives him on with a whip in hand. In short, life here is so artificial that man soon loses his divine origin and becomes almost a machine.

Monday, June 13, 2022

Passage Narration for Practice

 



1.  “May I come in, sir?” said the guardian. “Yes, come in, please,” said the Headmaster. The guardian said, “We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality.” The Headmaster said, “Let’s plan something for their betterment.”


Answer: The guardian respectfully asked the Headmaster if he might go in. The Headmaster replied in the affirmative and requested him to go in. Then the guardian said that they, all the guardians along with he had to do something for the betterment of their children. He added that they were losing their morality. So, the Headmaster suggested that they should plan something for their betterment.


2. “Good morning, students “said the teacher. “How are you?” “We are fine, Sir. What about you?” “I am fine too. Please sit down.” “Have you prepared your lesson?” the teacher asked. “Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson,” they replied.


Answer: The teacher wished the students good morning. He asked them how they were. They respectfully replied that that they were fine. They asked him how he was. He replied that he was fine too. Then the teacher requested them to sit down. He also asked them if they had prepared their lesson.They respectfully replied that they were sorry. They added that they had not prepared their lesson.


3. “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shabit. “No, I have never,” replied Rahi. “But I desire for visiting this place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Shabit. “Let us go there this week,” said Rahi.


4. Shabab asked Labib if he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never been there and added that he desired for visiting that place. Shabab told him that he (s) had had an opportunity to visit the sea beach the previous year. Labib proposed to him that they should go there that week.


Answer: Shabit asked Labib if he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Rahi replied in the negative and said that he had never been there and added that he desired for visiting that place. Shabit told him that he (s) had had an opportunity to visit the sea beach the previous year. Rahi proposed to him that they should go there that week.


5. The fruit seller said, “Which fruits do you want to buy? I have apples from Australia, oranges from Darjeeling, grapes from Kashmir.” The customer said, “What fruits of our country do you have?” The seller said, “I have coconut, guava, and Jackfruit.” The customer said, “Give one kg of Guava as it will be substitute of Australian Apples.”


Answer: The fruit seller asked the customer which fruit he (c) wanted to buy. He added that he (s) had the apples from Australia, oranges from Darjeeling, grapes from Kashmir. The customer asked him what fruits of their country he had. The fruit seller replied that he had coconut, guava and jackfruit. Then the customer told him (s) to give one kg of guava as it would be the substitute of Australian apples.


6. Why are putting up the food in your pocket, Sir? Why don’t you eat?” asked the noble man. “I am doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes,” replied Sheikh Saddi. “I don’t understand what do you mean to say,” said the noble man. “And I’m sorry.”


Answer: The noble man respectfully asked Sheikh Saddi why he was putting up the food in his pocket./Addressing Sheikh Saddi as sir the noble man asked why he(S) was putting the foods in his(S) pocket. He again asked why he did not eat. Sheikh Saddi replied that he was doing the right thing .He added that his(S) dress deserved those rich dishes. The noble man said that he was sorry. He added that he (N) did not understand what he(S) meant to say.


7.  “I have got G.P.A. 5 in the S.S.C. Examination,” said Rahi. “Congratulations.” “What do you intend to do now?” asked Hamim.“I want to study in a reputed college. I will try to get myself admitted into Dhaka College, said Rahi.


Answer: Rahi said that he had got GPA- 5 in the SSC examination. Hamim congratulated Rahi. He asked him (R) what he (R) intended to do then. Rahi replied that he (R) wanted to study in a reputed college and he (R) added that he would try to get himself admitted into Dhaka college.


8. The man said to the manager “May I come in, Sir?” “Yes,” come in.“What do you want?”said the manager “I want to open a bank  account in your bank ,”said the man .”Can you tell me the process of opening a savings account?”


Answer: The man respectfully asked the manager if he might go in. The manager replied in the affirmative and told him to go in. He also asked him what he wanted. The man replied him (MR) that he wanted to open a bank account. At last he asked him (MR) if he could tell him the process of opening a saving account.


9. Why did you not go to school yesterday?” said the mother to the girl. “I was ill, mum,” the girl replied. “How are you today?” the mother asked again.” “Well,” said the girl, “Don’t worry for me.”


Answer: The mother asked the girl why she (girl) had not gone to school the previous day. The girl lovingly replied that she (girl) had been ill. / (Addressing her (M) as mum she (G) replied that she (G) had been ill.) The mother again asked her (G) how she (G) was that day. The girl replied that she was well. She (G) also said her not to worry for her.


10. “What is the time by your watch?” he said. “It is half past nine,” I said. He said, “I want to go to the college. Would you accompany me, please?” “No, I am sorry,” replied I.


Answer: He asked me what the time was by my watch. I replied that it was half past nine. Then he added that he wanted to go to the college. He also asked me if I would accompany him kindly. I replied in the negative and said that I was sorry.


Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka


Source: Collected from various Board Questions

Saturday, June 11, 2022

Affirmative to Negative

  Affirmative to Negative sentences for JSC/ SSC/ HSC Exam


Affirmative Sentences


To  Negative Sentences

......................

A computer is a blessing earth.


A computer is nothing but a blessing on earth.


A frugal man dislikes spending money without reasons.


A frugal man does not like to spend money without reasons.


A good student should be conscious of politics.


A good student should not be unconscious of politics.


A great man like him is very rare.


A great man like him is not always seen


A healthy man is an asset to his family.


A healthy man is not a liability to his family.


A life with an assignment is an actual life.


A life without an assignment is not  an actual life.


A man who leads an idle life brings misery for his life.


A man who leads an idle life does not bring prosperity for his life.


A mother always remains with her child.


A mother never discards her child.


A spinster stopped before him.


A young woman who was not married stopped before him.


A tea stall is crowded place.


A tea stall is not an isolated place.


A train journey is very enjoyable.


A train journey is not boring.


All men must die.


All men cannot but die./ None can avoid death.


All people of Barguna respect him.


There are no people of Barguna who do not respect him.


Always be honest in your way of life.


Never be dishonest in your way of life.


An angry man causes of troubles.


An angry man causes nothing but a lot of troubles.


An industrious boy goes a long way in life.


An industrious boy doesn’t lag behind in life.


An unhealthy man is only a liability to his family.


An unhealthy man is nothing but a liability to his family.


Androcles was a kind man.


Androcles was not an unkind man


Anger is only a vice.


Anger is nothing but a vice.


As man is curious, he will try to invent new things.


As man is not uninterested, he will try to invent new things.


As soon as he saw the police, he ran away.


No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away


As soon as his school breaks up, he returns home.


No sooner had his school breaks up, he returns to his home.


As soon as I reached there, my friend received me cordially.


No sooner had I reached there my friend received me cordially.


At first glance the questions may seem tough.


At first glance the questions may not seen easy.


Bangladesh is a small country.


Bangladesh is not a big country.


Bangladesh is a test playing country, but its standard is very low.


Bangladesh is a test playing country but its standard is not high.


Bangladesh is making progress faster than much country.


Such countries are not making progress as fast as Bangladesh.


Bees only live in a hive.


Bees cannot live without a hive.


But at last God took pity on him


But at last God did not take revenge on him.


But he is always active.


But he is not attentive at all.


But money is essential in our life.


But money is not inessential in our life.


But the farmer was dishonest enough to have all the eggs in a day.


The farmer was not honest enough not to have all the eggs in a day.


But today many of them lead a very miserable life.


But today many of them do not lead a comfortable life at all.


By reading books, we can enrich our minds.


Without reading books, we cannot enrich our minds.


By working hard they can remove their condition.


Without working hard, they cannot remove their condition.


Cox’s Bazer sea beach is a beautiful place.


Cox’s Bazer sea beach is not a dull place.


Cricket is a very exciting game.


Cricket is not a dull game at all.


Day to day life in Dhaka is expensive.


Day to day life in Dhaka is not cheap./ Day to day life in city is not inexpensive/cheap.


Diamond is a precious metal.


Diamond is not a cheap metal.


During the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape.


During rainy season it does remain calm.


E-mail is a latest messing system.


E-mail is not an oldest messing system.


E-mail is used for important purposes.


E-mail is not used for unimportant purposes.


Every building has iron.


There is no building without iron.


Every living thing needs pure air.


There is no living thing but needs pure air.


Every nation can prosper giving importance of education.


No nation can prosper neglecting education.


Every patriot works sincerely and honestly in normal course of life.


There is no patriot but works sincerely and honestly in normal course of life.


Every student is helped by our teachers.


There is no student who is not helped by our teachers


Every student needs computer.


There is no student but needs computer.


Every woman likes it.


There is no woman but likes it.


Everybody admires of him.


Nobody speaks ill of him.


Everybody attends a Baishakhi Mela.


There is nobody but attends a Baishakhi Mella.


Everybody believes that education is the back bone of a nation.


Everybody doesn’t disregard that education is the back bone of nation.


Everybody dislikes him


Nobody likes him.


Everybody in our village loves him.


Nobody in our village hates him.


Everybody in our village loves him.


Nobody in our village hates him.


Everybody in the school likes her.


Nobody in the class dislikes her.


Everybody knows about the Royal Bengal Tigers of the Sundarbans.


Who does not know about the Royal Bengal Tigers of the Sundarbans.?


Everybody learns many things by watching television


There is nobody but learns many things by watching television.


Everybody likes his magic spell.


Nobody dislikes his magic spell.


Everybody loves him.


Nobody hates him.


Everybody must be conscious of his health.


Everybody cannot but be conscious of his health.


Everybody needs pure air.


There is nobody but needs pure air.


Everybody supported the freedom fighters.


There is nobody but supported the freedom fighters.


Everybody works hard to gain his object.


There is nobody but works hard to gain his object.


Everyone can prosper in life with industry.


None can prosper in life without industry.


Everyone lives in society


There is no one but lives in society.


Far off places have come closer for it.


Far off places have not become far for it.


Farmers are living in the village.


Farmers are not living in the town.


Feroza came of a poor family.


Feroza did not come of a rich family.


Fresh air is necessary for existence


Fresh air is not unnecessary for existence.


Frugality is a good habit.


Frugality is not a bad habit.


Government of Bangladesh must think seriously for faciliting the access to internet.


Government of Bangladesh cannot but think seriously for faciliting the access to internet.


Haji Mohammad Mushin was a very kind man.


Hazi Mohammad Mushin was not an unkind man at all.


Hamidur has some good friends.


Hamidur has not many bad friends.


Happiness is a psychological thing.


Happiness is nothing but a psychological thing.


Hazi Mohammad Muhsin was a kind man.


Hazi Muhammad Musin was not an unkind man.


He always eats only one thing.


He never eats more than one thing.


He always gets up early.


He never gets up late.


He and his family members always live in wants.


He and his family members never live without wants.


He did not marry.


He was married.


He disagreed his wife’s advice.


He did not follow his wife’s advice.


He had only an old mansion.


He had nothing but an old mansion.


He had to decide to teach the English lesson.


He could not but decide to teach the English a lesson.


He had to feel pity for the lion.


He could but feel pity for the lion.


He had to struggle against the English.


He could not but struggle against the English.


He has some pieces of land.


He has not many pieces of land.


He is a complicated man.


He is not an easy going man.


He is a man of high profile.


He is not a man of low profile.


He is a rare talent.


He is not a usual talent.


He is a regular student of class Ten.


He is not an irregular student of class Ten.


He is a regular student.


He is not an irregular student.


He is always dependent on his employer.


He is never independent without his employer.


He is always punctual to attend his classes.


He is never late to attend his classes.


He is both a poet and a freedom fighter.


He is not only a poet but also a freedom fighter.


He is honest and sincere


He is not dishonest and insincere.


He is only 14 years old.


He is not more than 14 years old.


He is sincere to his duties.


He is not insincere to his duties.


He is strong and active.


He is not weak and inactive.


He is very active.


He is not a little active.


He is very attentive to his studies.


He is not inattentive to his studies.


He is very competent in his subject.


He is not all in competent in his subject.


He keeps good company.


He does not keep bad company.


He liked sea.


He did not dislike sea.


He lived in a simple life and took little food.


He did live a luxurious life and take much food.


He lives in a slum/He lives in anything but a building.


He does not live in a building.


He loves his relatives.


He doesn’t hate his relatives.


He passed his early life in sorrows.


He did not pass his early life in happiness.


He relies only on his private teacher.


He relies none but on his private teacher.


He showed rudeness to the orphan boy.


He did not show kindness to the orphan boy.


He stopped for a short time at Agra and Dhelhi.


He did not stop for a long time at Agra and Delhi.


He walks a mile every morning.


He walks no less than a mile every morning.


 He was a kind hearted man.


He was not a cruel man.


He was a liar.


He was not truthful.


He was a wise man.


He was not a fool.


He was born in an affluent family.


He was not born in poor family.


He was born in an educated family.


He was not born in an uneducated family.


He was in a gorgeous dress.


He was not in a poor dress.


He was kind


He was not cruel.


He was unmarried.


He did not marry.


Her father is a poor farmer.


Her father is not a rich farmer.


Her parents liked her very much.


Her parents did not dislike her at all.


His contribution to Bengali literature is incomparable.


His contribution to Bengali literature is not comparable


His practical works were full of patriotism and optimism.


His practical works were not out of patriotism and optimism.


His wife loves gardening


His wife does not hate gardening


Honesty is always rewarded.


Honesty is never unrewarded.


I love my country.


I cannot but loves my country.


I want to be a healthy man.


I do not want to be sick.


I was very glad to see the sea beach.


I was not very unhappy to see the sea beach.


I will always remember this day.


I will never forget this day.


Ibrahim bin Adham was a powerful king.


Ibrahim bin Adham was not a weak king.


If we are honest in using it the problem can be solve.


If we are not honest in using in the problem cannot be solved.


In the morning the air is fresh.


In the morning the air is polluted.


In winter it remains idle.


In winter it does not remain active.


In winter the weather is so cold for them to live in the north


In winter the weather is so cold that they cannot  live in the north


It begets only the worst.


It begets nothing but the worst.


It gives birth to only one calf at a time.


It does not give birth to more than one calf at a time.


It has a fine flower.


It has not an ugly flower of its own.


It has both charm and commercial value.


It has not only charm but also commercial value.


 It is a costly item.


It is not a cheap item.


It is a public place.


It is not a private place.


It is a small village.


It is not a big village.


It is a speedy mode of communication.


It is not a slow mode of communication.


It is a very heavy metal.


It is not a light metal.


It is an incomparable creation.


It is not a comparable creation.


It is an inhuman act.


It is not a human act.


It is an ugly bird.


It is not a beautiful bird.


It is as fleshy as juicy.


It is not only fleshy but also juicy.


It is easy to operate.


It is not very hard to operate.


It is ferocious.


It is not feeble.


It is good for health.


It is not good for health.


It is in front of our kitchen.


It is not behind our kitchen.


It is not expensive


It is inexpensive


It is only found in the Sundarbans.


It is found nowhere but in the Sundarbans.


It is too poor to be imagined.


It is too poor that it cannot be imagined.


It is true that some dishonest traders are responsible for price hike.


It is untrue that some dishonest traders are responsible for price hike.


It lives together.


It does not live alone.


It looks ugly


It doesn’t look beautiful.


It looks very ugly.


It does not look pretty at all.


It only lives in a hive.


It lives nowhere but a hive.


It saves both time and energy.


It saves not only time but also energy.


It was a hot summer day.


It was not a cold summer day.


It was dark around.


There was no light all around.


Its majesty is an incomparable to anything.


Its majesty is not comparable to anything.


Its residents are diligent


Its residents are not idle.


Life is the sum total of moment.


Life is nothing but the sum total of moment.


Many people like foreign food.


Many people do not hate foreign food.


Meena felt very disappointed.


Meena did not feel good at all.


Mithu was displeased with this.


Mithu was not pleased with this.


Most of the drivers of our country are illiterate.


Most of the drivers of our country are not literate.


Most of the people are poor.


Most of the people are not rich.


Neela became bored.


Neela did not become happy.


Now the number of Royal Bengal tiger is decreasing.


Now the number of Royal Bengal Tiger is decreasing.


Once upon a time there lived a poor farmer.


Once upon a time there lived a farmer who was not rich.


One day she thought Solomons wisdom should get untested.


One day she thought Solomons wisdom should not remain untested.


One day the king asked her an unusual question.


One day the king did not ask her an unusual question.


Only an emotionally balanced person keeps it under control.


None but an emotionally balanced person keep it under control.


Only education gives us the light of knowledge.


Nothing but education gives us the light of knowledge.


Only man is responsible for this pollution.


None but man is responsible for this pollution.


Only poverty is responsible for this.


Nothing but poverty is responsible for this.


Only the brave deserve the fair.


None but the brave deserve the fair.


Only the brave freedom fighters went to the battle field.


None but the brave freedom fighters went valiant fighters.


Only the meritorious students can get chance to study here.


None but the meritorious students can get chance to study here.


Only the soup was tasty.


Nothing but the soup was tasty.


Our government is active to make it more attractive.


Our government is not inactive to make it more attractive.


Our government is active to make it more attractive.


Our government is not inactive to make it more attractive.


Our victory day is a memorable day.


Our victory is not a forgettable day.


Our victory day is a memorable day.


Our victory day is not a forgettable day.


Peace and prosperity is impossible without being industrious


Peace and prosperity is not possible without being industrious.


People in general are fond of glittering things.


People in general do not dislike for glittering things.


People living below the poverty line lead an uncomfortable life.


People living below the poverty line do not lead a uncomfortable life.


People look very cheerful.


People do not look sad at all.


People must observe the day.


People cannot but observe the day.


People who live in plenty sometimes eat the right kind of food.


People who live in plenty do not always eat the right kind of food.


Polythene is a popular carrying bag.


Polythene is not an unpopular carrying bag.


Rakib’s father is as rich as a king.


Rakib’s father is not less rich than a king.


Road accidents are a curse.


Road accidents are not a blessing.


Robert Bruce was both a good ruler and a brave warier.


Robert Bruce was not only a good ruler but also a brave warier.


Romeo was a famous lover.


Romeo was not an infamous lover.


Ruplal lived in a small village.


Ruplal did not live in a big village.


Shahajan,the Mughal Emperor,built it.


None but Shahajan,the Mughal Emperor,built it.


She always followed the right path.


She never followed the wrong path.


She had to take care of me.


She could not but take care of me.


She has only one daughter.


She has not more than one daughter.


She is the only darling child of nature.


She is none but the darling child of nature.


She talks very slowly.


She dies not talk fast at all.


She was an extraordinary girl.


She was not an ordinary girl.


She was so much pleased to remember our first acquaintance.


She was not so much displeased to remember our first acquaintance.


Smoking costs more money.


Smoking does not cost less money.


Smoking is harmful for our health.


Smoking is not useful for our health.


So everybody must be conscious of his health.


Everybody cannot but be conscious of his health.


So we should be emotionally balanced.


So we should not be emotionally imbalanced.


Stephen Hawking was born in an educated family.


Stephen Hawking was not born in an un educated family.


Suddenly the fox found a big pitcher.


Suddenly the fox found nothing but a big pitcher.


The causes of traffic jam are many.


The causes of traffic jam are not few.


The Chinese are very active.


The Chinese are not idle.


The cook told him that the duck has one leg only


The cook told him that the duck had not more than one leg.


The farmers are poor.


The farmers are not rich.


The first day of my school was not very interesting.


The first day of my school was not very gloomy.


The fish sellers are very clever.


The fish sellers are not foolish.


The government has to take necessary steps to eradicate illiteracy.


The government cannot but help taking steps to eradicate illiteracy.


The great man of the world never told a lie.


The great men of the world never told a lie.


The great men of the world always spoke the truth.


The great men of the world never told a lie.


The house is very spacious.


The house is not congested.


The lack of knowledge of nutrition is the cause of malnutrition.


Nothing but the lack of knowledge of nutrition is the cause of malnutrition.


The literary rate in Bangladesh is very poor.


So the literacy rate in Bangladesh is not rich at all.


The number is increasing


The number is not decreasing.


The number of Royal Bengal tiger is decreasing day by day.


The number of Royal Bengal tiger is not increasing day by day.


The people of Cox’s Bazer are very hospitable.


The people of Cox’s Bazer are not inhospitable at all.


The people of Singapore are very well-behaved.


The people of Singapore are not ill mannered.


The persons in the high rank of the society are involved in corruption.


The persons in the high rank of the society are not free from  in corruption


The persons in the high rank of the society are involved in corruption.


The persons in the high rank of the society are not involved in corruption.


The poor lean an unhappy life.


The poor do not lead a happy life.


The practice of knowledge was very limited before the invention of paper.


The practice of knowledge was not at all free before the invention of paper.


The river is very turbulent.


The river is not a calm at all.


The rose is the best of all flowers.


No other flowers are so good as the rose.


The students in the class were happy to see me.


The students in the class were not unhappy to see me.


The teaching staffs of this school are qualified.


His teaching staffs of this school are not disqualified.


The traffic police on duty neglect their duties sincerely.


The traffic police on duty do not perform their duties sincerely.


The villagers were displeased with him.


The villagers were not pleased with him.


The water which is pure is necessary for us.


The water which is not impure is necessary for us.

Prepared by Noor E Alam

Poem: Two mothers remembered

 Two Mothers Remembered Joann Snow Duncanson I had two Mothers two Mothers I claim Two different people, yet with the same name. Two separat...