Pronoun Reference for HSC
Pronoun reference:
Pro āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻāĻ° Noun āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦা āĻ¨াāĻŽ । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§, āĻ¯ে word āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¤াāĻে Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Sihab is a good student.
He goes to school everyday.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻĻুāĻিāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻিāĻ¤ে subject āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে Sihab āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে, āĻ¯েāĻা Noun. āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§ Sentence āĻ Sihab āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে He āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে He āĻšāĻ˛ Pronoun.
Pronoun āĻে āĻāĻ (ā§Ļā§Ž) āĻাāĻে āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§।
1.Personal Pronoun
2.Interrogative Pronoun
3.Indefinite Pronoun
4.Distributive Pronoun
5.Demonstrative Pronoun
6.Relative Pronoun
7.Reciprocal Pronoun
8.Reflexive Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun:
āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻ¯ে Pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§, āĻ¤াāĻে Personal Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- Mahi is a bright student.
Amreen goes to college regularly.
Suhana is a university student.
Enaf likes to read poems.
The dog is barking.
It is very ferocious.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে He, She, It āĻāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻে āĻšāĻ˛ Personal pronoun.āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽে Mahi, Suhana/ Amreen, āĻāĻŦং The dog āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻে।
Personal pronoun āĻুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦিāĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ form āĻ¯āĻĨা subjective form, objective form, possessive form āĻ¨িāĻে āĻĻেā§া āĻšāĻ˛ ।
subject- objective- possessive
I-me-my
He-him-his
She-her-hers
You-you-your
We-us-our
They-them-their
Rules-1> āĻোāĻ¨ āĻā§ āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦা āĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে it āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example: Here is your pen; take it.
Rules-2>āĻĒুāĻ°ুāĻˇ āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšিāĻ˛া āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻিāĻš্āĻ¨িāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¨া āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖীāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে it āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example: This is a dog. it is faithful animal.
Rules-3>āĻোāĻ āĻļিāĻļুāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে it āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example: I have a child. It is fine.
Rules-4>āĻĒূāĻŦে āĻāĻ˛্āĻ˛িāĻিāĻ¤ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে it āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example: Kibria Hossain told a story and he knew it goodly.
Rules-5> āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻে āĻোāĻ° āĻĻিā§ে āĻāĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦা āĻুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ it āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example:It is Shawan who is brother.
Rules-6> Impersonal verb āĻāĻ° subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example:It is raining.
Ruse-7> āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻŦা āĻāĻŦāĻšাāĻā§া āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example: It is 5 o'clock
It is winter season.
Rules-8> Verb 'to be' āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে real subject āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Provisional subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example: It is easy to go there.
2. Interrogative Pronoun
āĻ¯ে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°া āĻŦোāĻাā§ āĻ¤াāĻে Interrogative Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
What is your name?
Who is he?
Which do you want?
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° ā§Š āĻি sentence āĻ what, who which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative Pronoun .
Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে Who, Which, What āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Interrogative Pronoun āĻšāĻŦে, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Who, Which, What āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Interrogative adjective āĻšāĻŦে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
What class do you read in ?
Which book does he want?
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° ā§¨ āĻি sentence āĻ what, which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative adjective. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ what āĻāĻŦং which āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° ā§¨ āĻি noun āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽে class āĻāĻŦং book āĻāĻে । āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻ§āĻ°া āĻšā§, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻĻুāĻিāĻ¤ে what āĻāĻŦং which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative adjective.
Rules-9> Person āĻŦা āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Who=āĻে āĻŦা āĻাāĻ°া.Whom= āĻাāĻে Whose= āĻাāĻ° āĻŦা āĻাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§।
Example:Who are you? Whose is this book?
3. Demonstrative Pronoun.
‘Demonstrative’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ । āĻ¯ে Pronoun āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে Demonstrative Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । This, These, That, Those, Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun
This is our university.
(This āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা college āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে । )
These are my books.
(These āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা books āĻāĻ noun āĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে । )
That is your mobile phone.
(That āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা laptop āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
Those are your cloths.
(Those āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা cloths āĻāĻ noun āĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
He made a mistake. Such was not his intention.
(Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা mistake āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
āĻ¤āĻŦে………
This, These, That, Those, Such āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Demonstrative Pronoun āĻ¨া āĻšā§ে Demonstrative adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨—
This book is mine.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ This āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ This āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° book āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
These books are costly.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ These āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ These āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° books āĻšāĻ˛ Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
That Car was white.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ That āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ That āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° Car āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
Those pens were not good.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ Those āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ Those āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° pens āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
Such Behavior is not praiseworthy to any one.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ Such āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° behavior āĻŦা āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
āĻāĻŦাāĻ° …..
āĻāĻāĻ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°াāĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻā§াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ singular noun āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে that āĻāĻŦং plural noun āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
The roads of Dhaka are better than Sirajganj
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻিāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ “ āĻĸাāĻাāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻ āĻ¸িāĻ°াāĻāĻāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻেā§ে āĻাāĻ˛ ।
āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ি āĻি āĻ¤াāĻ, āĻ¨াāĻি āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻāĻিāĻ¤ āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে “āĻĸাāĻাāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻ āĻ¸িāĻ°াāĻāĻāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻেāĻ° āĻেā§ে āĻাāĻ˛”
āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে Sentence āĻি āĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻ˛িāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ¤,
āĻ¯āĻĨা- “The roads of Dhaka are better than the roads of Sirajganj”.
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ Noun āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ roads āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°াāĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻā§াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ( roads) āĻāĻ plural noun āĻাāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻিāĻে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛িāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।
Example:It is Shawan who is brother.
Rules-6> Impersonal verb āĻāĻ° subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example:It is raining.
Ruse-7> āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻŦা āĻāĻŦāĻšাāĻā§া āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example: It is 5 o'clock
It is winter season.
Rules-8> Verb 'to be' āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে real subject āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Provisional subject āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে it āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example: It is easy to go there.
2. Interrogative Pronoun
āĻ¯ে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°া āĻŦোāĻাā§ āĻ¤াāĻে Interrogative Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
What is your name?
Who is he?
Which do you want?
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° ā§Š āĻি sentence āĻ what, who which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative Pronoun .
Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে Who, Which, What āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Interrogative Pronoun āĻšāĻŦে, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Who, Which, What āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Interrogative adjective āĻšāĻŦে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
What class do you read in ?
Which book does he want?
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° ā§¨ āĻি sentence āĻ what, which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative adjective. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ what āĻāĻŦং which āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° ā§¨ āĻি noun āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽে class āĻāĻŦং book āĻāĻে । āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻ§āĻ°া āĻšā§, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻĻুāĻিāĻ¤ে what āĻāĻŦং which āĻšāĻ˛ Interrogative adjective.
Rules-9> Person āĻŦা āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Who=āĻে āĻŦা āĻাāĻ°া.Whom= āĻাāĻে Whose= āĻাāĻ° āĻŦা āĻাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§।
Example:Who are you? Whose is this book?
3. Demonstrative Pronoun.
‘Demonstrative’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ । āĻ¯ে Pronoun āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে Demonstrative Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । This, These, That, Those, Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun
This is our university.
(This āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা college āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে । )
These are my books.
(These āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা books āĻāĻ noun āĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে । )
That is your mobile phone.
(That āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun ,āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা laptop āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
Those are your cloths.
(Those āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা cloths āĻāĻ noun āĻুāĻ˛োāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
He made a mistake. Such was not his intention.
(Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative Pronoun , āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻা mistake āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে )
āĻ¤āĻŦে………
This, These, That, Those, Such āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Demonstrative Pronoun āĻ¨া āĻšā§ে Demonstrative adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨—
This book is mine.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ This āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ This āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° book āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
These books are costly.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ These āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ These āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° books āĻšāĻ˛ Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
That Car was white.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ That āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ That āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° Car āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
Those pens were not good.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ Those āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ Those āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° pens āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
Such Behavior is not praiseworthy to any one.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻ Such āĻšāĻ˛ Demonstrative adjective, āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ Such āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° behavior āĻŦা āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻা āĻāĻāĻা Noun. āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা adjective āĻšā§ )
āĻāĻŦাāĻ° …..
āĻāĻāĻ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°াāĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻā§াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ singular noun āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে that āĻāĻŦং plural noun āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
The roads of Dhaka are better than Sirajganj
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻিāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ “ āĻĸাāĻাāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻ āĻ¸িāĻ°াāĻāĻāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻেā§ে āĻাāĻ˛ ।
āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ি āĻি āĻ¤াāĻ, āĻ¨াāĻি āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻāĻিāĻ¤ āĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে “āĻĸাāĻাāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻ āĻ¸িāĻ°াāĻāĻāĻ্āĻেāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻাāĻেāĻ° āĻেā§ে āĻাāĻ˛”
āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে Sentence āĻি āĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻ˛িāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ¤,
āĻ¯āĻĨা- “The roads of Dhaka are better than the roads of Sirajganj”.
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ Noun āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ roads āĻāĻ noun āĻাāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°াāĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻā§াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ( roads) āĻāĻ plural noun āĻাāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻিāĻে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛িāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।
The roads of Dhaka are better than those of Sirajganj."
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি…….
Incorrect: The weather of Rajshahi is better than Dhaka.
The weather of Rajshahi is better than those of Dhaka.
Correct: The weather of Rajshahi is better than that of Dhaka.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু weather āĻšāĻ˛ singular, āĻ¤াāĻ those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Incorrect: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than Sirajganj.
The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than that of Sirajganj.
Correct: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than those of Sirajganj.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু buildings āĻšāĻ˛ plural, āĻ¤াāĻ that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Incorrect: The people of China are more industrious than Bangladesh.
The people of China are more industrious than that of Bangladesh.
Correct: The people of China are more industrious than those of Bangladesh.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু people āĻšāĻ˛ plural, āĻ¤াāĻ that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Rules-10> āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻˇā§āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻļাāĻ°া āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Demonstrative pronoun(this, that,these,those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example:This is a cat. That is my pen.
4.Reflexive Pronoun.
Reflexive pronoun āĻšāĻ˛ objective form āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻোāĻ¨ Pronoun।
āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে Subject āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĢāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে Subject āĻোāĻ¨ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Subject āĻāĻ° āĻĻিāĻেāĻ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াā§ ।
himself, herself, myself, yourself, themselves āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻৃāĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ˛ Reflexive pronoun.
āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻি āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি:
He killed himself.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে ‘himself’ āĻāĻāĻা Pronoun, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে Subject ( He) āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻে, āĻāĻŦং Subject (He) āĻ¯ে āĻাāĻ ( kill) āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¸েāĻা āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻĻিāĻে āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াā§, āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¸ে (He) āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻুāĻ¨ (Kill) āĻāĻ°ে । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে ‘himself’ āĻšāĻ˛ Reflexive Pronoun.
āĻāĻŽāĻ¨িāĻাāĻŦে……
She hurt herself. (āĻ¸ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻāĻাāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ো)
They killed themselves. ( āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻāĻ°েāĻিāĻ˛)
I fan myself. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻ¨িāĻে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛াāĻŽ)
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽে herself, themselves, myself āĻšāĻ্āĻে Reflexive Pronou
Rules-11> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻ āĻāĻ°্āĻŽ āĻāĻ āĻšāĻ˛ে Reflexive Pronoun āĻšā§ ।
Example: I enjoyed the party myself.
Rules-12> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻাāĻ°ো āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻাā§া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻে , āĻāĻšা āĻোāĻ° āĻĻেā§াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Emphatic Pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻāĻুāĻ˛ো Subject āĻŦা Object- āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example:I myself saw him.
Rules-13> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻāĻাāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻে, āĻāĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Reflexive Pronoun-āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example:Tania did the work by herself.
Rules-14>āĻিāĻু Verb āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- avail,absent,exert,pride āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি Reflexive Pronoun-āĻে object āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে ।
Example:They should avail thenselves of the golden offer.
5.Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Pronoun āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¤াāĻে Indefinite pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- Some, None, Any, Many, One etc.
Some are playing football.
(Some āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻā§েāĻāĻāĻ¨, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Some āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
Many can do this.
(Many āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ āĻ¨েāĻāĻāĻ¨, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Many āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
Any of them will be selected.
(Any āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ¯ে āĻেāĻ, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸েāĻা āĻে, āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Any āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
One should do one’s duty. (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻেāĻ° āĻāĻিāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻĻাā§িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĒাāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°া । One āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻাāĻŦে āĻেāĻ āĻ¨ā§ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে One āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite pronoun)
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি…….
Incorrect: The weather of Rajshahi is better than Dhaka.
The weather of Rajshahi is better than those of Dhaka.
Correct: The weather of Rajshahi is better than that of Dhaka.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু weather āĻšāĻ˛ singular, āĻ¤াāĻ those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Incorrect: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than Sirajganj.
The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than that of Sirajganj.
Correct: The buildings of Dhaka are bigger than those of Sirajganj.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু buildings āĻšāĻ˛ plural, āĻ¤াāĻ that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Incorrect: The people of China are more industrious than Bangladesh.
The people of China are more industrious than that of Bangladesh.
Correct: The people of China are more industrious than those of Bangladesh.
(āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু people āĻšāĻ˛ plural, āĻ¤াāĻ that āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻāĻ°ে those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে)
Rules-10> āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻˇā§āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻļাāĻ°া āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Demonstrative pronoun(this, that,these,those āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
Example:This is a cat. That is my pen.
4.Reflexive Pronoun.
Reflexive pronoun āĻšāĻ˛ objective form āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻোāĻ¨ Pronoun।
āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে Subject āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĢāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে Subject āĻোāĻ¨ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻা Subject āĻāĻ° āĻĻিāĻেāĻ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াā§ ।
himself, herself, myself, yourself, themselves āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻৃāĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ˛ Reflexive pronoun.
āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻি āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি:
He killed himself.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে ‘himself’ āĻāĻāĻা Pronoun, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে Subject ( He) āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻে, āĻāĻŦং Subject (He) āĻ¯ে āĻাāĻ ( kill) āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¸েāĻা āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻĻিāĻে āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াā§, āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¸ে (He) āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻুāĻ¨ (Kill) āĻāĻ°ে । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে ‘himself’ āĻšāĻ˛ Reflexive Pronoun.
āĻāĻŽāĻ¨িāĻাāĻŦে……
She hurt herself. (āĻ¸ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻāĻাāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ো)
They killed themselves. ( āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻāĻ°েāĻিāĻ˛)
I fan myself. ( āĻāĻŽি āĻ¨িāĻে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻে āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛াāĻŽ)
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽে herself, themselves, myself āĻšāĻ্āĻে Reflexive Pronou
Rules-11> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻ āĻāĻ°্āĻŽ āĻāĻ āĻšāĻ˛ে Reflexive Pronoun āĻšā§ ।
Example: I enjoyed the party myself.
Rules-12> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻাāĻ°ো āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻাā§া āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻে , āĻāĻšা āĻোāĻ° āĻĻেā§াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Emphatic Pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻāĻুāĻ˛ো Subject āĻŦা Object- āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example:I myself saw him.
Rules-13> āĻāĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻāĻাāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻে, āĻāĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Reflexive Pronoun-āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে ।
Example:Tania did the work by herself.
Rules-14>āĻিāĻু Verb āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- avail,absent,exert,pride āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি Reflexive Pronoun-āĻে object āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে ।
Example:They should avail thenselves of the golden offer.
5.Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Pronoun āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¤াāĻে Indefinite pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- Some, None, Any, Many, One etc.
Some are playing football.
(Some āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻā§েāĻāĻāĻ¨, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Some āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
Many can do this.
(Many āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ āĻ¨েāĻāĻāĻ¨, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Many āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
Any of them will be selected.
(Any āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ¯ে āĻেāĻ, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸েāĻা āĻে, āĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ । āĻ¤াāĻ Any āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun)
One should do one’s duty. (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻেāĻ° āĻāĻিāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻĻাā§িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĒাāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°া । One āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻাāĻŦে āĻেāĻ āĻ¨ā§ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে One āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite pronoun)
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° Sentence āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ¤ে Some, Many, Any, One āĻšāĻ˛ Indefinite Pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻাāĻāĻে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে āĻ¨া, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻাāĻŦে āĻোāĻ¨ Pronoun āĻে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে
āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি—
One āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻোāĻ¨ Sentence āĻ possessive case one’s āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
One should not waste one’s time.
One Should respect one’s parents.
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু —–
One of + plural noun—āĻāĻ°āĻāĻŽ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে possessive case āĻ one’s āĻ¨া āĻšā§ে his/her āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
Incorrect: One of my friends has done one’s/their duty.
Correct: One of my friends has done his/her duty.
Incorrect: One of the students has completed one’s/their homework.
Correct: One of the students has completed his/her homework.
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻāĻা āĻŦিāĻˇā§ āĻŽাāĻĨাā§ āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে, One of āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° noun āĻāĻ° plural form āĻŦāĻ¸ে, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু singular verb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
Incorrect: One of my friend is a lawyer./ One of my friends are lawyer.
Correct: One of my friends is a lawyer.
Incorrect: One of the boy has done it./ One of the boys have done it.
Correct: One of the boys has done it.
Incorrect: Runa is one of my sister.
Correct: Runa is one of my sisters.
Ruse-14> āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Indefinite Pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ি।
Example:One should do one's duty.
6.Distributive Pronoun.
‘Distribute’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°া āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻ¤āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻেā§া ।
Distributive Pronoun āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻি noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাā§ । Each, None, Either, Neither āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻৃāĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive Pronoun .
āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে Distributive Pronoun āĻুāĻ˛ো Singular āĻšā§ ।
āĻāĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻ¨-
Incorrect: Each of the students are meritorious.
Correct: Each of the students is meritorious.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Each āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো Students āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: Either of the two boys have played well.
Correct: Either of the two boys has played well.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Either āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ boys āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘has’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: None of the snakes are poisonous.
Correct: None of the snakes is poisonous.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ None āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো Snakes āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻা āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: He had two computers. Neither are good.
Correct: He had two computers. Neither is good.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Neither āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻāĻা Computers āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻা āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে।)
7.Relative Pronoun
āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Pronoun āĻĻুāĻো āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻো āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে relation āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে Relative pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । who, which, what, that āĻšāĻ˛ relative pronoun.
I saw the boy. The boy was crying.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
I saw the boy who was crying.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে who āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( who) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (boy) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং I saw the boy āĻāĻŦং The boy was crying, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
She bought a camera. The camera was beautiful.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
She bought a camera which was beautiful.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে which āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( which) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (camera) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং She bought a camera āĻāĻŦং The camera was beautiful, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
I know the matter. The matter was secret.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
I know the matter what was secret.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে what āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( what) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (matter) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং I know the matter āĻāĻŦং The matter was secret, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
Who āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
Who āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
I knew the woman. The man died yesterday.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I knew the woman who died yesterday.
She respects the man. The man is very honest.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
She respects the man who is very honest.
Which āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
Which āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¨ী , āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু , āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻļুāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
We bought a dog. The dog was white.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
We bought a dig which was white.
He killed a snake. The snake was very poisonous.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
He killed a snake which was very poisonous.
I lost my mobile phone. The mobile phone was very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I lost my mobile phone which was very costly.
What āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
What āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻˇā§ āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে।
I knew the matter. The matter was secret.
Relative pronoun ‘what’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I knew the matter what was secret.
That āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
That āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻে āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
I bought a pen. It is very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘that’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ—
I bought a pen that is very costly.
8.Reciprocal Pronoun
‘Reciprocal’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ ‘āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§াāĻļীāĻ˛’ । āĻāĻাāĻ§িāĻ Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¨ো āĻে Reciprocal Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
The two friends love each other. ( āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ু āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে )
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻিāĻ¤ে āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ুāĻ° āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻļীāĻ˛ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে each other āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻি Reciprocal Pronoun .
āĻāĻŦাāĻ° ……………….
The thrre members of the family love one another.
( āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° ā§Š āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে )
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻিāĻ¤ে ā§Š āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§াāĻļীāĻ˛ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে One another āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻি Reciprocal Pronoun .
āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে —–
āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে – Each other
āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ§িāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে – One another
Incorrect: The two girlss always help one another.
Correct: The two girlss always help each other.
(āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে āĻ¤াāĻ each other.)
Incorrect: The ten leaders of the party respect each other.
Correct: The ten leaders of the party respect One another.
(āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻĻāĻļāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে āĻ¤াāĻ one another.)
Pronoun References:
EXERCISE ON PRONOUN REFERENCES
1. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all the pronoun references are clear: 1x5=5
At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your assignment.
āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ি—
One āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻোāĻ¨ Sentence āĻ possessive case one’s āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
One should not waste one’s time.
One Should respect one’s parents.
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু —–
One of + plural noun—āĻāĻ°āĻāĻŽ āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛ে possessive case āĻ one’s āĻ¨া āĻšā§ে his/her āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
Incorrect: One of my friends has done one’s/their duty.
Correct: One of my friends has done his/her duty.
Incorrect: One of the students has completed one’s/their homework.
Correct: One of the students has completed his/her homework.
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻāĻা āĻŦিāĻˇā§ āĻŽাāĻĨাā§ āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে, One of āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° noun āĻāĻ° plural form āĻŦāĻ¸ে, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু singular verb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
Incorrect: One of my friend is a lawyer./ One of my friends are lawyer.
Correct: One of my friends is a lawyer.
Incorrect: One of the boy has done it./ One of the boys have done it.
Correct: One of the boys has done it.
Incorrect: Runa is one of my sister.
Correct: Runa is one of my sisters.
Ruse-14> āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে Indefinite Pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ি।
Example:One should do one's duty.
6.Distributive Pronoun.
‘Distribute’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°া āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻ¤āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻেā§া ।
Distributive Pronoun āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻি noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাā§ । Each, None, Either, Neither āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻৃāĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive Pronoun .
āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে Distributive Pronoun āĻুāĻ˛ো Singular āĻšā§ ।
āĻāĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻ¨-
Incorrect: Each of the students are meritorious.
Correct: Each of the students is meritorious.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Each āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো Students āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: Either of the two boys have played well.
Correct: Either of the two boys has played well.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Either āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ boys āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘has’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: None of the snakes are poisonous.
Correct: None of the snakes is poisonous.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ None āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ āĻুāĻ˛ো Snakes āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻা āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে । )
Incorrect: He had two computers. Neither are good.
Correct: He had two computers. Neither is good.
( āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° sentence āĻ Neither āĻšāĻ˛ Distributive pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻāĻা Computers āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻāĻāĻা āĻে āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে । āĻāĻŦং Distributive Pronoun singular āĻšāĻā§াāĻ° āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ে singular verb ‘is’ āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻে।)
7.Relative Pronoun
āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Pronoun āĻĻুāĻো āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻো āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে relation āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ Noun āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে Relative pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । who, which, what, that āĻšāĻ˛ relative pronoun.
I saw the boy. The boy was crying.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
I saw the boy who was crying.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে who āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( who) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (boy) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং I saw the boy āĻāĻŦং The boy was crying, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
She bought a camera. The camera was beautiful.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
She bought a camera which was beautiful.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে which āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( which) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (camera) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং She bought a camera āĻāĻŦং The camera was beautiful, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
I know the matter. The matter was secret.
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻাāĻে relative pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ˛েāĻা āĻ¯াā§ ।
I know the matter what was secret.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে what āĻšāĻ্āĻে relative pronoun. āĻাāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻা ( what) āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻেāĻ° noun (matter) āĻাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻে āĻāĻŦং I know the matter āĻāĻŦং The matter was secret, āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻĻুāĻো āĻে āĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°েāĻে ।
Who āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
Who āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
I knew the woman. The man died yesterday.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I knew the woman who died yesterday.
She respects the man. The man is very honest.
Relative pronoun ‘who’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
She respects the man who is very honest.
Which āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
Which āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¨ী , āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু , āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻļুāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
We bought a dog. The dog was white.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
We bought a dig which was white.
He killed a snake. The snake was very poisonous.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
He killed a snake which was very poisonous.
I lost my mobile phone. The mobile phone was very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘which’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I lost my mobile phone which was very costly.
What āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
What āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻˇā§ āĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে।
I knew the matter. The matter was secret.
Relative pronoun ‘what’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ–
I knew the matter what was secret.
That āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° —–
That āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§ āĻোāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻে āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে ।
I bought a pen. It is very costly.
Relative pronoun ‘that’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ—
I bought a pen that is very costly.
8.Reciprocal Pronoun
‘Reciprocal’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ ‘āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§াāĻļীāĻ˛’ । āĻāĻাāĻ§িāĻ Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¨ো āĻে Reciprocal Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨-
The two friends love each other. ( āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ু āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে )
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻিāĻ¤ে āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ুāĻ° āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻļীāĻ˛ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে each other āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻি Reciprocal Pronoun .
āĻāĻŦাāĻ° ……………….
The thrre members of the family love one another.
( āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° ā§Š āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে )
āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯āĻিāĻ¤ে ā§Š āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻে āĻাāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸ে । āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨাā§ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§াāĻļীāĻ˛ । āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¯াā§ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে One another āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻি Reciprocal Pronoun .
āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¯ে —–
āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে – Each other
āĻĻুāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ§িāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ āĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°িā§া āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে – One another
Incorrect: The two girlss always help one another.
Correct: The two girlss always help each other.
(āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে āĻ¤াāĻ each other.)
Incorrect: The ten leaders of the party respect each other.
Correct: The ten leaders of the party respect One another.
(āĻāĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে āĻĻāĻļāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ্āĻে āĻ¤াāĻ one another.)
Pronoun References:
EXERCISE ON PRONOUN REFERENCES
1. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all the pronoun references are clear: 1x5=5
At the Writing Centre, you can receive help on any writing assignment. It can make your writing stronger by discussing it with someone else. This will lead to a greater understanding of the proper mechanics and style expected in academic writing. This is an important part of the writing process, and they spend a good deal of time making sure you understand the expectations of written assignments. Using it will definitely make your writing skills stronger, and that will give you greater confidence for your assignment.
Prepared by : Noor E Alam
University of Dhaka
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