Preposition

 

Preposition কাকে বলে? Preposition কত প্রকার ও কি কি?

A preposition is a word or group of words which is usually placed before a noun or a pronoun in a sentence.

আমরা জানি যে, Pre অর্থ পূর্বে position অবস্থান। অর্থাৎ যেসব Word কোনো Noun বা Pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে অন্যান্য শব্দের সাথে একটি সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে, তখন তাকে Preposition বলা হয়। সুতরাং Preposition হলো সম্পর্কবাচক শব্দ যা অন্যন্য শব্দের সাথে সম্পর্ক তৈরি বা নির্দেশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Preposition ৬ প্রকার। যথা:

1. Simple Preposition
2. Double
3. Compound
4. Phrase
5. Participle
6. Disguised

১. Simple Preposition:

শুধু মাত্র একটি Word দিয়ে Simple Preposition গঠিত হয়।

যেমন:

• Rahi Swam at the lake.
• I got a prize from a company.
• Mina was sleeping on the floor.
• Sabrina took a rest under a tree.

Simple Preposition গুলি হলো:

At	In	By	of
to	under	with	up
out	over	down	on
for	Against	from	Upon
off	After	till

2. Double Preposition:

দুটি Simple Preposition একত্রে যুক্ত হয়ে তৈরি হয় Double Preposition.

যেমন:

• They ran out of fuel.
• She put the book onto the table.
• I am coming within five minutes.
• I can’t do this project without your help.

Double Preposition গুলি হলো:

upon	Into	Onto	out of	Within	without
next to	up to	off to	off on	throughout

3. Compound Preposition:

Noun, Pronoun, Adverb এর আগে/পূর্বে Simple Preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যে Prepositionগঠিত হয়, তখন তাকে Compound Preposition বলা হয়।

যেমন:

• The kite was flying above.
• Bring along your friend.
• He stood behind the door.
• Was Adiba concerned about the money?

Compound Preposition গুলি হলো:

on+by+up=above	on+by+out=About	no+long=along
by+fore=before	by+hind=behind	by+low=below
in+side=inside	out+side=outside	By+yound=beyond
on+cross=across	by+side=beside	by+tween=between

4. Phrase Preposition:

যখন একাধিক Preposition/word একত্রে হয়ে একটি Preposition এর মতো কাজ করে, তখন তাকে Phrase Preposition বলা হয়।

যেমন:

• A car was parked in front of my house.
• Today’s game was stopped on account of rain.
• I gave the children water instead of soft drinks.
• In spite of the mud and weather, he felt much better.

Phrase Preposition গুলি হলো:

on account of	in front of	instead of
in spite of	by hint of	in course of

5. Participle Preposition:

কিছু শব্দ বা words যেমন Present Participle(verb+ing) Past Participle(verb past participle) যদি Preposition এর ন্যায় কাজ করে তাহলে তাকে Participle Preposition বলা হয়।

যেমন:

• Play according to the rules.
• All information regarding the meeting was true.
• The student was taken from one class to another.
• Life is about Accepting the problems and finding the solutions.

Participle Preposition গুলি হলো:

According	Regarding	Taken
Considering	Touching	Granted
following	given	provided
Notwithstanding	barred	Expecting
failing	Barring	pending
including	Past	Accepting

6. Disguised Preposition:

কখনো কখনো on এবং of এর পরিবর্তে ‘a’  ‘o’ ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন এদেরকে Disguised Preposition বলা হয়।

যেমন:

• She went a hunting. (on hunting)
• The morning begins with & o’clock. (of clock)

কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Preposition এর উদাহরণ:

Along:

• Sabrina walked along this road.
• You will find his office just along the corridor.

After:

• After an hour I went home.
• Kaberi arrived shortly after 5.
• Shut the door after you.
• Day after day he began to become mad.

Above:

• This year inflation is above 6%.
• We were flying above the clouds.
• I rate him above most other players of his age.

Among:

• I found the letter among his papers.
• She was among the last to leave.
• They divided the money up among the children.

Across:

• She walked across the field.
• There is a line across the page.
• Karima hit him across the face.

Against:

• His age is against her.
• The evidence is against her.
• They were rowing against the current.

Around:

• He traveled around the world.
• She puts her arms around him.
• There he is coming round the corner.

At:

• Our office started at 9 am.
• Rakibl meets her at the hospital.
• How many people were at the train station?
• The garden is at its most beautiful appearance when flowers bloom.

Before:

• Sabit arrived before me.
• Ria has lived since before the war.
• Your name is before mine on the list.

Bellow:

• She dived below the surface of the water.
• A police sergeant is below an inspector.

Between:

• This is just between you and me.
• I sat down between Ria and Pia.

During:

• During the holiday, we do not have to study.
• The old road is sometimes closed during winter.

Prepared by: Noor E Alam