Phrase

           



   Phrase


📗📘Define phrase with its classification 


✏️🖊️Phrase āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি? āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻš āĻŦুāĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻĻাāĻ“


A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. A phrase never includes a finite verb. It may include a headword.



Phrase āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ•োāĻ¨ finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻাāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—াā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে।



Example:


Birds are flying in the sky at large.


I’m in a fix what to do.


Never tell a lie.


The words ‘at large (āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে), in a fix (āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে), tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.




đŸ’ĨTypes of phrases: There are 9 types of phrases. These are:


  1. Noun phrase

  2. Prepositional phrase

  3. Adjective phrase

  4. Adverb phrase

  5. Verb phrase

  6. Conjunctional phrase

  7.  Interjectional phrase

  8. Participial Phrase

  9. Absolute phrase

      

đŸ’ĨNoun Phrase: āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ phrase, noun āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ noun āĻ•ে modify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ modified āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে  noun phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Noun phrase has a noun and modifiers are needed to modify the noun.


đŸ’ĨThe three types of noun phrase are:


i. Appositive phrase:

It renames another noun in the sentence.


āĻ¯ে noun phrase āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি noun āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻ§ে comma āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে appositive āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example:


Nishad Kamal, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.


ii. Gerund phrase:

Gerund phrase starts with a gerund.


Gerund (verb + ing) āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে gerund phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।  


Example:


The ringing of the phone during the prayers in the mosque disturbs me much.


iii. Infinitive phrase:

It has an infinitive (to +the present form of the verb) and modifiers linked to the infinitive.


Infinitive (to+verb) āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে infinitive phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।  


Example:


I like to take a cup of coffee in the morning.


đŸ’Ĩ2  Prepositional phrase:

Preposition āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¸āĻŦ phrase āĻ•েāĻ‡ prepositional phrase āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ।


A prepositional phrase includes a preposition and a noun and may act as an adjective or adverb.


Example:


She was laughing at the poor.

He put the pen on the table.


đŸ’Ĩ3. Adjective phrase:

āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে adjective āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে adjective phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Adjective phrase acts as an adjective in the sentence and modifies the nouns or pronouns.


Example:


The man in the field is my brother.

The boy on the rooftop is my brother.


đŸ’Ĩ4. Adverb phrase

āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে adverb āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে adverb phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


It acts as an adverb in the sentence and modifies the verb or adverb.


Example:


The boy stood beside the woman.

She attached the CV along with a photograph.


đŸ’Ĩ5. Verb phrase:

Verb Phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে finite verb āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻ‡/āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ verb āĻ•ে verb phrase āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ে verb āĻ‡।


A verb phrase is the set of main verbs and an auxiliary verb in the sentence.


Example:


He is singing a song.


They are doing fun in the classroom.


đŸ’Ĩ6. Conjunctional phrase:

āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে conjunction āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে Conjunctional Phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Conjunctional phrase acts as a conjunction in the sentence. 


Example:


Come here as early as you can.

She is not only good looking but also smart.


đŸ’Ĩ7. Interjectional phrase:

āĻ¯ে phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে interjection āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে interjectional phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


The phrase that acts like an interjection is called an interjectional phrase.


Example:


Alas! He is undone!

Ah! What a  charming scenery!


đŸ’Ĩ8. Participial phrase:

āĻāĻ•āĻŸি present āĻŦা past participle āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে Participial Phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


The participial phrase has a present or past participle as a headword.


Example:


Coming to the university, I came to know the matter.


đŸ’Ĩ9. Absolute Phrase:

āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ absolute phrase āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি subject āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ•োāĻ¨ finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ sentence āĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻļুāĻ§ু  āĻāĻ•āĻŸি noun āĻ•ে āĻ¨ā§Ÿ।


Absolute Phrase has a subject having no acting verb and modifies the whole sentence, not just the noun.


Example:


His arrival for the first time, we all became delighted.


đŸ’ĨHow phrases differ from clauses:



📘📗Differences between    Phrases and Clauses:


Definition    A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. It varies a lot in length, but never includes the subject and finite verb. It includes a headword.

Phrase āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ—াā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāĻ¨া। 


 Birds are flying in the sky at large.

 

I’m in a fix what to do.


 Never tell a lie.


The words ‘at large, in a fix, tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.


āĻŦ্āĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻ•েāĻŸে (at large, in a fix, tell a lie) āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻ•োāĻ¨ subject or finite verb āĻ¨েāĻ‡, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻাāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া।  āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে।


It can not stand alone in a sentence or can’t express a full meaning.

Phrase āĻāĻ•āĻŸি sentence āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ  āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨  subject āĻāĻŦং verb āĻ¨েāĻ‡।


There are nine types of phrases.

 

Clause:

It is a group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate. No sentence can be made without the clause.


āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি Clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি  subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


He bought a new car.

āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে “He bought a new car” āĻāĻ•āĻŸি clause āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি subject āĻāĻ°ং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻ†āĻ›ে।


It can stand alone in a sentence as it has subject and a finite verb. Clause āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ sentence āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻ†āĻ›ে।


There are two types of the clause. These are: For example: If you study hard, you will shine in life.


1. Independent or Main Clause

You will shine in life ( Must have subject and finite verb)


2. Dependent or Subordinate Clause

If you study hard ( no finite verb. It follows the independent clause.)


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Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka


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