Phrase
Phrase
đđDefine phrase with its classification
✏️đ️Phrase āĻাāĻে āĻŦāϞে? āĻāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āĻ āĻি āĻি? āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻাāĻ
A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. A phrase never includes a finite verb. It may include a headword.
Phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āϝাāϤে āĻāĻāύো āĻোāύ finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāύা। āĻāϰা āĻāϞাāĻĻাāĻাāĻŦে āĻোāύ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻাā§āĻাā§ āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰে।
Example:
Birds are flying in the sky at large.
I’m in a fix what to do.
Never tell a lie.
The words ‘at large (āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻাāĻŦে), in a fix (āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে), tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.
đĨTypes of phrases: There are 9 types of phrases. These are:
Noun phrase
Prepositional phrase
Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase
Verb phrase
Conjunctional phrase
Interjectional phrase
Participial Phrase
Absolute phrase
đĨNoun Phrase: āϝে āϏāĻāϞ phrase, noun āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ noun āĻে modify āĻāϰে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āύিāĻেāĻ modified āĻšā§ āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে noun phrase āĻŦāϞে।
Noun phrase has a noun and modifiers are needed to modify the noun.
đĨThe three types of noun phrase are:
i. Appositive phrase:
It renames another noun in the sentence.
āϝে noun phrase āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻি noun āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāύ্āϧে comma āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে āύāϤুāύ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϝোāĻ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻে appositive āĻŦāϞে।
Example:
Nishad Kamal, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.
ii. Gerund phrase:
Gerund phrase starts with a gerund.
Gerund (verb + ing) āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে gerund phrase āĻŦāϞে।
Example:
The ringing of the phone during the prayers in the mosque disturbs me much.
iii. Infinitive phrase:
It has an infinitive (to +the present form of the verb) and modifiers linked to the infinitive.
Infinitive (to+verb) āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে infinitive phrase āĻŦāϞে।
Example:
I like to take a cup of coffee in the morning.
đĨ2 Prepositional phrase:
Preposition āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻā§া āϏāĻŦ phrase āĻেāĻ prepositional phrase āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§।
A prepositional phrase includes a preposition and a noun and may act as an adjective or adverb.
Example:
She was laughing at the poor.
He put the pen on the table.
đĨ3. Adjective phrase:
āϝেāϏāĻāϞ phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে adjective āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে adjective phrase āĻŦāϞে।
Adjective phrase acts as an adjective in the sentence and modifies the nouns or pronouns.
Example:
The man in the field is my brother.
The boy on the rooftop is my brother.
đĨ4. Adverb phrase
āϝেāϏāĻāϞ phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে adverb āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে adverb phrase āĻŦāϞে।
It acts as an adverb in the sentence and modifies the verb or adverb.
Example:
The boy stood beside the woman.
She attached the CV along with a photograph.
đĨ5. Verb phrase:
Verb Phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে finite verb āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāĻ/āϤিāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ verb āĻে verb phrase āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§, āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰা āĻāϏāϞে verb āĻ।
A verb phrase is the set of main verbs and an auxiliary verb in the sentence.
Example:
He is singing a song.
They are doing fun in the classroom.
đĨ6. Conjunctional phrase:
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে conjunction āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āϝেāϏāĻāϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে Conjunctional Phrase āĻŦāϞে।
Conjunctional phrase acts as a conjunction in the sentence.
Example:
Come here as early as you can.
She is not only good looking but also smart.
đĨ7. Interjectional phrase:
āϝে phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে interjection āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻে interjectional phrase āĻŦāϞে।
The phrase that acts like an interjection is called an interjectional phrase.
Example:
Alas! He is undone!
Ah! What a charming scenery!
đĨ8. Participial phrase:
āĻāĻāĻি present āĻŦা past participle āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে Participial Phrase āĻŦāϞে।
The participial phrase has a present or past participle as a headword.
Example:
Coming to the university, I came to know the matter.
đĨ9. Absolute Phrase:
āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ absolute phrase āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻĨাāĻে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻোāύ finite verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা। āĻāĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ sentence āĻিāĻে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝাā§āύ āĻāϰে, āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻāĻি noun āĻে āύā§।
Absolute Phrase has a subject having no acting verb and modifies the whole sentence, not just the noun.
Example:
His arrival for the first time, we all became delighted.
đĨHow phrases differ from clauses:
đđDifferences between Phrases and Clauses:
Definition A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. It varies a lot in length, but never includes the subject and finite verb. It includes a headword.
Phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āϝাāϰ āĻāĻāύো subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāύা। āĻāϰা āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϰে āĻোāύ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϝাā§āĻাā§ āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰে। āĻাāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻোāύ āύিāĻāϏ্āĻŦ subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāύা।
Birds are flying in the sky at large.
I’m in a fix what to do.
Never tell a lie.
The words ‘at large, in a fix, tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.
āĻŦ্āϰ্āϝাāĻেāĻে (at large, in a fix, tell a lie) āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻিāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻুāϞোāϰ āύিāĻāϏ্āĻŦ āĻোāύ subject or finite verb āύেāĻ, āϤাāĻ āϤাāϰা āĻāϞাāĻĻাāĻাāĻŦে āĻোāύ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦāϏে āϏেāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰে।
It can not stand alone in a sentence or can’t express a full meaning.
Phrase āĻāĻāĻি sentence āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ্āϰāĻšāύāϝোāĻ্āϝ āύ⧠āĻĒাāϰেāύা āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ āĻোāύ subject āĻāĻŦং verb āύেāĻ।
There are nine types of phrases.
Clause:
It is a group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate. No sentence can be made without the clause.
āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি Clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
He bought a new car.
āĻāĻাāύে “He bought a new car” āĻāĻāĻি clause āϝাāϰ āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāϰং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻে।
It can stand alone in a sentence as it has subject and a finite verb. Clause āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ sentence āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে, āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻে।
There are two types of the clause. These are: For example: If you study hard, you will shine in life.
1. Independent or Main Clause
You will shine in life ( Must have subject and finite verb)
2. Dependent or Subordinate Clause
If you study hard ( no finite verb. It follows the independent clause.)
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Prepared by Noor E Alam
University of Dhaka
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