Phrase
Phrase
đđDefine phrase with its classification
✏️đ️Phrase āĻাāĻে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻ° āĻ āĻি āĻি? āĻāĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻš āĻŦুāĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻĻাāĻ
A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. A phrase never includes a finite verb. It may include a headword.
Phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻাāĻ§িāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻি āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻāĻāĻ¨ো āĻোāĻ¨ finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻাāĻাāĻŦে āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻাā§āĻাā§ āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ে।
Example:
Birds are flying in the sky at large.
I’m in a fix what to do.
Never tell a lie.
The words ‘at large (āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻাāĻŦে), in a fix (āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে), tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.
đĨTypes of phrases: There are 9 types of phrases. These are:
Noun phrase
Prepositional phrase
Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase
Verb phrase
Conjunctional phrase
Interjectional phrase
Participial Phrase
Absolute phrase
đĨNoun Phrase: āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ phrase, noun āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ noun āĻে modify āĻāĻ°ে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ¨িāĻেāĻ modified āĻšā§ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻে noun phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Noun phrase has a noun and modifiers are needed to modify the noun.
đĨThe three types of noun phrase are:
i. Appositive phrase:
It renames another noun in the sentence.
āĻ¯ে noun phrase āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻি noun āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻ§ে comma āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ¯োāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে appositive āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Example:
Nishad Kamal, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.
ii. Gerund phrase:
Gerund phrase starts with a gerund.
Gerund (verb + ing) āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে gerund phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Example:
The ringing of the phone during the prayers in the mosque disturbs me much.
iii. Infinitive phrase:
It has an infinitive (to +the present form of the verb) and modifiers linked to the infinitive.
Infinitive (to+verb) āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে infinitive phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Example:
I like to take a cup of coffee in the morning.
đĨ2 Prepositional phrase:
Preposition āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻā§া āĻ¸āĻŦ phrase āĻেāĻ prepositional phrase āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§।
A prepositional phrase includes a preposition and a noun and may act as an adjective or adverb.
Example:
She was laughing at the poor.
He put the pen on the table.
đĨ3. Adjective phrase:
āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে adjective āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻে adjective phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Adjective phrase acts as an adjective in the sentence and modifies the nouns or pronouns.
Example:
The man in the field is my brother.
The boy on the rooftop is my brother.
đĨ4. Adverb phrase
āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে adverb āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻে adverb phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
It acts as an adverb in the sentence and modifies the verb or adverb.
Example:
The boy stood beside the woman.
She attached the CV along with a photograph.
đĨ5. Verb phrase:
Verb Phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে finite verb āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻ/āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻ verb āĻে verb phrase āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ে verb āĻ।
A verb phrase is the set of main verbs and an auxiliary verb in the sentence.
Example:
He is singing a song.
They are doing fun in the classroom.
đĨ6. Conjunctional phrase:
āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে conjunction āĻāĻ° āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻি āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻে Conjunctional Phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
Conjunctional phrase acts as a conjunction in the sentence.
Example:
Come here as early as you can.
She is not only good looking but also smart.
đĨ7. Interjectional phrase:
āĻ¯ে phrase āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ে interjection āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻে interjectional phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
The phrase that acts like an interjection is called an interjectional phrase.
Example:
Alas! He is undone!
Ah! What a charming scenery!
đĨ8. Participial phrase:
āĻāĻāĻি present āĻŦা past participle āĻĻিā§ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻā§া phrase āĻে Participial Phrase āĻŦāĻ˛ে।
The participial phrase has a present or past participle as a headword.
Example:
Coming to the university, I came to know the matter.
đĨ9. Absolute Phrase:
āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ absolute phrase āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻĨাāĻে āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻোāĻ¨ finite verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¨া। āĻāĻি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ sentence āĻিāĻে āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯াā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে, āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻāĻāĻি noun āĻে āĻ¨ā§।
Absolute Phrase has a subject having no acting verb and modifies the whole sentence, not just the noun.
Example:
His arrival for the first time, we all became delighted.
đĨHow phrases differ from clauses:
đđDifferences between Phrases and Clauses:
Definition A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. It varies a lot in length, but never includes the subject and finite verb. It includes a headword.
Phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻাāĻ§িāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻি āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ¨ো subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāĻ¨া। āĻāĻ°া āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻāĻ°ে āĻোāĻ¨ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া, āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¯াā§āĻাā§ āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ে। āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻāĻ¸্āĻŦ subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻেāĻ¨া।
Birds are flying in the sky at large.
I’m in a fix what to do.
Never tell a lie.
The words ‘at large, in a fix, tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.
āĻŦ্āĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻেāĻে (at large, in a fix, tell a lie) āĻāĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻিāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻোāĻ¨ subject or finite verb āĻ¨েāĻ, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻāĻ˛াāĻĻাāĻাāĻŦে āĻোāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া। āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦিāĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¸েāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ্āĻ āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻাāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ে।
It can not stand alone in a sentence or can’t express a full meaning.
Phrase āĻāĻāĻি sentence āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨āĻ¯োāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ subject āĻāĻŦং verb āĻ¨েāĻ।
There are nine types of phrases.
Clause:
It is a group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate. No sentence can be made without the clause.
āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻি Clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
He bought a new car.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে “He bought a new car” āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāĻ°ং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻে।
It can stand alone in a sentence as it has subject and a finite verb. Clause āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ sentence āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে, āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻে।
There are two types of the clause. These are: For example: If you study hard, you will shine in life.
1. Independent or Main Clause
You will shine in life ( Must have subject and finite verb)
2. Dependent or Subordinate Clause
If you study hard ( no finite verb. It follows the independent clause.)
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Prepared by Noor E Alam
University of Dhaka
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