Phrase

           



   Phrase


📗📘Define phrase with its classification 


✏️🖊️Phrase āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি? āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻাāĻ“


A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. A phrase never includes a finite verb. It may include a headword.



Phrase āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟি āϝাāϤে āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•োāύ finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāύা। āĻāϰা āφāϞাāĻĻাāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•োāύ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜা⧟āĻ—া⧟ āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে।



Example:


Birds are flying in the sky at large.


I’m in a fix what to do.


Never tell a lie.


The words ‘at large (āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে), in a fix (āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻে), tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.




đŸ’ĨTypes of phrases: There are 9 types of phrases. These are:


  1. Noun phrase

  2. Prepositional phrase

  3. Adjective phrase

  4. Adverb phrase

  5. Verb phrase

  6. Conjunctional phrase

  7.  Interjectional phrase

  8. Participial Phrase

  9. Absolute phrase

      

đŸ’ĨNoun Phrase: āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ phrase, noun āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ noun āĻ•ে modify āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āύিāϜেāχ modified āĻšā§Ÿ āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে  noun phrase āĻŦāϞে।


Noun phrase has a noun and modifiers are needed to modify the noun.


đŸ’ĨThe three types of noun phrase are:


i. Appositive phrase:

It renames another noun in the sentence.


āϝে noun phrase āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟি noun āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāύ্āϧে comma āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āύāϤুāύ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে appositive āĻŦāϞে।


Example:


Nishad Kamal, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.


ii. Gerund phrase:

Gerund phrase starts with a gerund.


Gerund (verb + ing) āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে gerund phrase āĻŦāϞে।  


Example:


The ringing of the phone during the prayers in the mosque disturbs me much.


iii. Infinitive phrase:

It has an infinitive (to +the present form of the verb) and modifiers linked to the infinitive.


Infinitive (to+verb) āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে infinitive phrase āĻŦāϞে।  


Example:


I like to take a cup of coffee in the morning.


đŸ’Ĩ2  Prepositional phrase:

Preposition āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏāĻŦ phrase āĻ•েāχ prepositional phrase āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ।


A prepositional phrase includes a preposition and a noun and may act as an adjective or adverb.


Example:


She was laughing at the poor.

He put the pen on the table.


đŸ’Ĩ3. Adjective phrase:

āϝেāϏāĻ•āϞ phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে adjective āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে adjective phrase āĻŦāϞে।


Adjective phrase acts as an adjective in the sentence and modifies the nouns or pronouns.


Example:


The man in the field is my brother.

The boy on the rooftop is my brother.


đŸ’Ĩ4. Adverb phrase

āϝেāϏāĻ•āϞ phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে adverb āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে adverb phrase āĻŦāϞে।


It acts as an adverb in the sentence and modifies the verb or adverb.


Example:


The boy stood beside the woman.

She attached the CV along with a photograph.


đŸ’Ĩ5. Verb phrase:

Verb Phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে finite verb āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāχ/āϤিāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ verb āĻ•ে verb phrase āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰা āφāϏāϞে verb āχ।


A verb phrase is the set of main verbs and an auxiliary verb in the sentence.


Example:


He is singing a song.


They are doing fun in the classroom.


đŸ’Ĩ6. Conjunctional phrase:

āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে conjunction āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϝেāϏāĻ•āϞ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āϟি āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Conjunctional Phrase āĻŦāϞে।


Conjunctional phrase acts as a conjunction in the sentence. 


Example:


Come here as early as you can.

She is not only good looking but also smart.


đŸ’Ĩ7. Interjectional phrase:

āϝে phrase āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে interjection āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে interjectional phrase āĻŦāϞে।


The phrase that acts like an interjection is called an interjectional phrase.


Example:


Alas! He is undone!

Ah! What a  charming scenery!


đŸ’Ĩ8. Participial phrase:

āĻāĻ•āϟি present āĻŦা past participle āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা phrase āĻ•ে Participial Phrase āĻŦāϞে।


The participial phrase has a present or past participle as a headword.


Example:


Coming to the university, I came to know the matter.


đŸ’Ĩ9. Absolute Phrase:

āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ absolute phrase āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি subject āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•োāύ finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা। āĻāϟি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ sentence āϟিāĻ•ে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝা⧟āύ āĻ•āϰে, āĻļুāϧু  āĻāĻ•āϟি noun āĻ•ে āύ⧟।


Absolute Phrase has a subject having no acting verb and modifies the whole sentence, not just the noun.


Example:


His arrival for the first time, we all became delighted.


đŸ’ĨHow phrases differ from clauses:



📘📗Differences between    Phrases and Clauses:


Definition    A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. It varies a lot in length, but never includes the subject and finite verb. It includes a headword.

Phrase āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟি āϝাāϰ āĻ•āĻ–āύো subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāύা। āĻāϰা āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻ•āϰে āĻ•োāύ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϝা⧟āĻ—া⧟ āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ subject āĻŦা finite verb āĻĨাāĻ•েāύা। 


 Birds are flying in the sky at large.

 

I’m in a fix what to do.


 Never tell a lie.


The words ‘at large, in a fix, tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.


āĻŦ্āϰ্āϝাāĻ•েāϟে (at large, in a fix, tell a lie) āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–িāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ•োāύ subject or finite verb āύেāχ, āϤাāχ āϤাāϰা āφāϞাāĻĻাāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•োāύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা।  āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦāϏে āϏেāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে।


It can not stand alone in a sentence or can’t express a full meaning.

Phrase āĻāĻ•āϟি sentence āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āύ⧟  āĻĒাāϰেāύা āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ āĻ•োāύ  subject āĻāĻŦং verb āύেāχ।


There are nine types of phrases.

 

Clause:

It is a group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate. No sentence can be made without the clause.


āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি Clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি  subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


He bought a new car.

āĻāĻ–াāύে “He bought a new car” āĻāĻ•āϟি clause āϝাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি subject āĻāϰং āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āφāĻ›ে।


It can stand alone in a sentence as it has subject and a finite verb. Clause āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ sentence āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āφāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে, āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি subject āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āφāĻ›ে।


There are two types of the clause. These are: For example: If you study hard, you will shine in life.


1. Independent or Main Clause

You will shine in life ( Must have subject and finite verb)


2. Dependent or Subordinate Clause

If you study hard ( no finite verb. It follows the independent clause.)


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Prepared by Noor E Alam

University of Dhaka


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