Uses of Preposition
Uses of common preposition!
āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে āϏāĻ িāĻ Preposition āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻŦেāĻļ āĻāĻ িāύ, āĻাāϰāĻŖ Preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰে āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্āϰāĻŽ āϰāϝ়েāĻে। āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু Preposition āĻļেāĻাāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āĻāĻĒাāϝ় āĻš’āϞ āϤাāϰা āĻীāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝে common expression-āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§, āϤা āĻেāύে āύেāĻā§া। Use of some common prepositions-āĻ āϏে āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻāĻŽāϰা āϧাāϰāĻŖা āύেāĻŦ। āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ Preposition āĻুāϞিāĻে appropriate preposition āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻŽুāĻāϏ্āϤ āĻāϰে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
During:
During āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻাāϞ (duration of time) āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰে। āĻāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻāĻে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻিāĻু āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় ‘during’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰি।
Example:
- I met Rahi during my stay in Dhaka. [āĻĸাāĻাā§ āĻĨাāĻাāĻাāϞীāύ āĻāĻŽি āϰাāĻšিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻা āĻāϰেāĻি। (āĻāĻি ‘āĻĸাāĻাā§ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ’ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļিāϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়ে āĻāĻেāĻিāϞ)]।
- We went to Sweden during the winter.
- During our vacation, we visited many relatives in America
From:
From-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ ’āĻšāϤে’ āĻŦা ’āĻĨেāĻে’।
Example:
- He came from America
- Where are you from? I am from Bangladesh.
Common usage of ‘from’:
- from a time to a time: He lived in America from 2010 to 2020.
- from a place to a place: They drove from Rajshahi to Dhaka.
’From’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻŽāϰা ‘from’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšā§, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻা common expression āĻেāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি। āĻāĻা āĻšāĻ্āĻে: from time to time. ’From time to time’-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally āĻŦা sometimes). āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āύিā§āĻŽিāϤāĻাāĻŦে āύা āĻāϰে āϝāĻĻি āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻāϰা āĻšā§, āϤāĻāύ from time to time expression-āĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§।
Example:
- His daughters visited him from time to time when he was in Delhi.
- We visit the historical museum from time to time.
Out of:
āĻোāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšāϤে āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻšāĻā§া āĻŦা āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āĻšāϤে āĻিāĻু āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻāϰাāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ ‘out of’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§।
Example:
- He walked out of the room when I found him.
- He pulled a letter for me out of his shirt pocket.
Common usage of ‘out of’:
- Out of + noun- āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āύা āĻĨাāĻা
Example:
- Rahi went to the store because he was out of salt / milk.
- I am out of ink. So I can’t write anymore.
’Out of’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻŽāϰা ‘out of’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϰāĻ āĻিāĻু expression āĻেāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
a. out of + place – āĻোāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āύা āĻĨাāĻা: Mr. Rahi is out of the town, so you will not get him.
b. out of date -āĻĒুāϰাāϤāύ (old): Don’t use this book. It is out of date.
c. out of work – āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āύা āĻĨাāĻা (jobless; unemployed): Rahi has been very unhappy because he has been out of work.
d. out of the question – āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ (impossible): Your request for money is out of the question.
e. out of order – āĻ িāĻāĻŽāϤ āĻাāĻ āύা āĻāϰা (not functioning properly)=We had to use my friend’s mobile phone because ours was out of order.
By:
āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’by’-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ ‘āĻোāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻĻিā§ে āϝাāĻā§া’ āĻŦা ’āĻোāύ āĻাā§āĻা āĻĒেāϰিā§ে āϝাāĻā§া’।
Example:
- We walked by the post office on the way home.
- They walked by me when I was sitting there.
By-āĻāϰ āĻāϰেāĻāĻি āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞো: āύিāĻāĻে, āĻĒাāĻļে, āĻাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤি।
Example:
- You sit by me and listen to what I am saying.
- Please bring the book what I kept by the window.
Common usage of ‘by’:
a. by – Passive voice-āĻ āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āĻাāϰো āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāϰা, āĻšāĻā§া, āϞেāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤি। The report was written by Abid.
b. by + āϏুāύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ (specific time) – āϏুāύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦা āĻŽāϧ্āϝে, āĻĒāϰে āύā§। We usually eat launch by one o’clock.
c. by bus / train / plane / car / bike / ship – āĻāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšāϤে āĻ āύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϝে āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§ (mode of travel). We travelled to Delhi by train.
’By’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻুāϞি āĻাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻŽāϰা ‘by’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻিāĻু common expression-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻেāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
a. by then – āĻāĻŦিāώāϤ āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻোāύ āύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦা āĻāĻে, āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻĒāϰে āύā§, (before a time in the future or past). I will graduate from Dhaka university in 2022. By then, I hope to find a job.
b. by way of – āĻšāĻā§া (via). They will come to our country by way of India.
c. By the way – āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ্āĻāϤ: (incidentally). By the way, I would like to let you know that I have got a good job.
d. by far – āĻāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻāύ āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻে āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻাāϰো āĻŦা āĻিāĻুāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āϤুāϞāύা āĻāϰি, āϤāĻāύ āĻোāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϤāĻা āĻাāϞ āĻŦা āĻাāϰাāĻĒ āϤা āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰি ‘By far’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে। This book is by far the best to learn English.
e. by accident – āĻĻুāϰ্āĻāĻāύাāĻŦāĻļāϤ:, āĻূāϞāĻŦāĻļāϤ:, āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻৃāϤāĻাāĻŦে āύ⧠(accidentally, not intentionally). He spilled the coffee on the floor by accident.
In:
āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’in’-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ ‘ āĻāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻোāύ āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻেāϤāϰে āĻŦা āĻŽāϧ্āϝে’। In āĻšāĻ্āĻে out-āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ।
Example:
- Mr. Rahi is in his office.
- Faruk is in the bedroom.
In preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻŦā§ āĻোāύ āĻļāĻšāϰ / āύāĻāϰেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে ‘in’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§।
Example:
- Rahi lives in Dhaka / Delhi.
Common usage of ‘in’:
a. in a room / drawer / building / closet= āĻিāϤāϰে (inside). Your application is in the drawer.
b. in + month / year: His birthday is in December.
c. in time – āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤ, āĻĻেāϰীāϤে āύ⧠(not late, early enough). They arrived at the airport in time.
d. in the street – āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻŽাāĻāĻাāύে। Everybody should tell their kids not to play in the street.
e. in the morning / afternoon / evening. He went there in the morning.
f. in the future / past – āĻāĻŦিāώāϤে āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤে। In the past, learning English was not compulsory, but it is today.
g. in the beginning / end – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦা āĻļেāώে। In the beginning learning English seemed difficult, but in the end it seems easy.
h. in the way – āĻĒāĻĨিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻāϞাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻŦা āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āĻāϰাāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে। āĻāϰāĻ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāϰে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻেāϞে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, in the way āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ ’āĻĒāĻĨে’ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻোāύāĻ āĻিāĻু āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ, āϝা āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻিāĻু āĻāĻāϤে āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻেāϝ়। He could not go to that room because there was a table in the way. Don’t leave your suitcase here. It is in the way of other passengers.
i. once in a while – āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally āĻŦা sometimes). āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āύিāϝ়āĻŽিāϤāĻাāĻŦে āύা āĻāϰে āϝāĻĻি āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻāύ once in a while āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāϝ়। Once in a while, we go to visit my sister in Dhaka.
j. in no time – āĻুāĻŦ āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§ে (in a very short time). Rafi finished his writing a report in no time at all.
k. in the meantime= āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ে (at the same time, meanwhile). Rakib passed the SSC Examination and in the meantime he learnt spoken English.
l. in the middle – āĻোāύ āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻোāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে। Peter stood in the middle of the room. He is in the middle of my study.
m. in the event that – āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽāύāĻা āĻāĻে āϝাā§ (if it happens). In the event that you get a job, you please let me know.
n. in case – āϝāĻĻি (if). In case I can’t get back in time, you give me a call.
On:
āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’on’-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ ‘āĻোāύ āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ, āĻিāύ্āϤু āϝাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে, āϤা āϝেāύ āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āώে (contact) āĻĨাāĻে। āĻāĻাā§া āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āĻাā§া āĻā§াāϞেāϰ (wall) āϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āώে āĻĨাāĻāϞেāĻ ’on’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§।
Example:
- The books are on the table.
- There is a clock on the wall.
Common usage of ‘on’:
a. on a day / date: I will visit you on Sunday. His birthday is on May 25.
b. on a / the bus / train / plane / bike / ship: My brother is already on the plane. They came to college on the bus.
c. on the floor of a building: Mr. Rafiq lives on the tenth floor of that building.
’On’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻŽāϰা ‘on’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϰāĻ āĻিāĻু common expression āĻেāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
a. on time – āĻ িāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ে। In spite of bad weather, our plane left on time.
b. on the corner – āĻোāύাā§ āĻŦা āĻāϰ্āύাāϰে। They live on the corner of Nazrul Islam avenue.
c. on the sidewalk – āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āϧাāϰ āĻŦা āĻĒাāĻļ। Always walk on the sidewalk for your safety.
d. on the way – On the way + place: āĻোāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে। āĻāĻ phrase-āĻে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে, āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻļেāώে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§। They stop at the grocery store on the way to their house. On the way to work, I stopped at the grocery store. I saw Jack on the way to school.
e. on the right / left – āĻĄাāύে / āĻŦাāĻŽে। Rafiq sat on the left side of the room and Faruk sat on the right.
f. on television – āĻেāϞিāĻিāĻļāύে। Popular songs will be on television tonight.
g. on the telephone – āĻĢোāύে āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাā§। He will be here soon. Now he is on the telephone.
h. on the whole – āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽāĻ্āϰিāĻāĻাāĻŦে (in general). On the whole he did good in his examination.
i. on the other hand – āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāĻ্āώে। Rahi is not happy with what he has; on the other hand Faruk is.
j. on sale – āĻāĻŽāĻĻাāĻŽে āĻŦিāĻ্āϰā§েāϰ āĻ āĻĢাāϰ (sale offer at lower price than normal). The regular price of this pair of shoes is 14 hundred taka, but today it’s on sale for 10 hundred.
k. on foot – āĻĒাā§ে āĻšেāĻে (walking). I usually go to school on foot.
At:
At āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻোāĻĨাā§ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻāϰāĻে, āϤা āĻাāύাāύোāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ at āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§।
Example:
- Rahi is at home. Rafiq is at school.
Common usage of ‘at’:
a. at + an address
b. at + a specific time (clock time)
Example:
- Rafiq lives at Shahjadpur, Sirajganj, Bangladesh.
- Rafiq will come here at 3 pm
At preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāϰেāĻāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻ্āĻে address-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāĻā§া āĻাā§াāĻ āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽুāϞāĻ āĻোāĻ āĻোāύ āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻŦা āĻ্āϰাāĻŽ-āĻāĻ্āĻেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে ‘at’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
- You can enjoy the beauty of Nature if you go at Hakimpur village.
’At’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻুāϞো āĻাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻŽāϰা ‘at’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϰāĻ āĻিāĻু common expression āĻেāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
a. at night – āϰাāϤ্āϰীāϤে। I never go out anywhere at night.
b. at least – āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ্āώে। I need to spend at least 500 taka per month for learning English.
c. at once – āĻোāύāϰুāĻĒ āĻĻেāϰী āύা āĻāϰে (immediately). Please go there at once. He is in trouble.
d. at present / at the moment – āĻāĻāύ āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে (now). He is playing at the moment.
e. at times – āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally). At times it is difficult to understand him.
f. at first – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻে। At first he felt nervous to speak English, but now he can speak English fluently.
g. good at + subject – āĻোāύ āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻŦা āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻাāϞ āĻšāĻā§া। Rahi is good at English.
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