Uses of Preposition

 Uses of common preposition!

āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āϏāĻ িāĻ• Preposition āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ িāύ, āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ Preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰে āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু Preposition āĻļেāĻ–াāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āωāĻĒাāϝ় āĻš’āϞ āϤাāϰা āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে common expression-āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤা āϜেāύে āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿা। Use of some common prepositions-āĻ āϏে āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āφāĻŽāϰা āϧাāϰāĻŖা āύেāĻŦ। āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ Preposition āĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে appropriate preposition āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻŽুāĻ–āϏ্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

During:

During āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻ•াāϞ (duration of time)  āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে। āφāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āϘāϟে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় ‘during’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰি।

Example:

  • I met Rahi during my stay in Dhaka. [āĻĸাāĻ•া⧟ āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ•াāϞীāύ āφāĻŽি āϰাāĻšিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ি। (āĻāϟি ‘āĻĸাāĻ•া⧟ āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ’ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļিāϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়ে āϘāϟেāĻ›িāϞ)]।
  • We went to Sweden during the winter.
  • During our vacation, we visited many relatives in America

From:

From-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ ’āĻšāϤে’ āĻŦা ’āĻĨেāĻ•ে’।

Example:

  • He came from America
  • Where are you from? I am from Bangladesh.

Common usage of ‘from’:

  • from a time to a time: He lived in America from 2010 to 2020.
  • from a place to a place: They drove from Rajshahi to Dhaka.

’From’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϜাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻŽāϰা ‘from’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟা common expression āϜেāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰি। āĻāϟা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে: from time to time. ’From time to time’-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally āĻŦা sometimes). āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āύা āĻ•āϰে āϝāĻĻি āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻ–āύ from time to time expression-āϟি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟।

Example:

  • His daughters visited him from time to time when he was in Delhi.
  • We visit the historical museum from time to time.

Out of:

āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšāϤে āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻšāϤে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ‘out of’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • He walked out of the room when I found him.
  • He pulled a letter for me out of his shirt pocket.

Common usage of ‘out of’:

  • Out of + noun- āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύা āĻĨাāĻ•া

Example:

  • Rahi went to the store because he was out of salt / milk.
  • I am out of ink. So I can’t write anymore.

’Out of’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϜাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻŽāϰা ‘out of’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু expression āϜেāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰি।

a. out of + place – āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āύা āĻĨাāĻ•া: Mr. Rahi is out of the town, so you will not get him.

b. out of date -āĻĒুāϰাāϤāύ (old): Don’t use this book. It is out of date.

c. out of work – āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āύা āĻĨাāĻ•া (jobless; unemployed): Rahi has been very unhappy because he has been out of work.

d. out of the question – āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ (impossible): Your request for money is out of the question.

e. out of order – āĻ িāĻ•āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āύা āĻ•āϰা (not functioning properly)=We had to use my friend’s mobile phone because ours was out of order.

By:

āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’by’-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ ‘āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻĻি⧟ে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা’ āĻŦা ’āĻ•োāύ āϜা⧟āĻ—া āĻĒেāϰি⧟ে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা’।

Example:

  • We walked by the post office on the way home.
  • They walked by me when I was sitting there.

By-āĻāϰ āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞো: āύিāĻ•āϟে, āĻĒাāĻļে, āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি।

Example:

  • You sit by me and listen to what I am saying.
  • Please bring the book what I kept by the window.

Common usage of ‘by’:

a. by – Passive voice-āĻ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•াāϰো āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•āϰা, āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āϞেāĻ–া āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি। The report was written by Abid.

b. by + āϏুāύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ (specific time) – āϏুāύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦা āĻŽāϧ্āϝে, āĻĒāϰে āύ⧟। We usually eat launch by one o’clock.

c. by bus / train / plane / car / bike / ship – āĻāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšāϤে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ (mode of travel). We travelled to Delhi by train.

’By’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻ—ুāϞি āϜাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻŽāϰা ‘by’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু common expression-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϜেāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰি।

a. by then – āĻ­āĻŦিāώāϤ āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āύিāĻĻিāϰ্āώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦা āφāĻ—ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒāϰে āύ⧟, (before a time in the future or past). I will graduate from Dhaka university in 2022. By then, I hope to find a job.

b. by way of – āĻšāĻ‡ā§Ÿা (via). They will come to our country by way of India.

c. By the way – āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ: (incidentally). By the way, I would like to let you know that I have got a good job.

d. by far – āφāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•াāϰো āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰি, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ•োāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϤāϟা āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦা āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ āϤা āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰি ‘By far’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে। This book is by far the best to learn English.

e. by accident – āĻĻুāϰ্āϘāϟāύাāĻŦāĻļāϤ:, āĻ­ূāϞāĻŦāĻļāϤ:, āχāϚ্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āύ⧟ (accidentally, not intentionally). He spilled the coffee on the floor by accident.

In:

āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’in’-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ ‘ āφāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰে āĻŦা āĻŽāϧ্āϝে’। In āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে out-āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤ।

Example:

  • Mr. Rahi is in his office.
  • Faruk is in the bedroom.

In preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻŦ⧜ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻšāϰ / āύāĻ—āϰেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে ‘in’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • Rahi lives in Dhaka / Delhi.

Common usage of ‘in’:

a. in a room / drawer / building / closet= āĻ­িāϤāϰে (inside). Your application is in the drawer.

b. in + month / year: His birthday is in December.

c. in time – āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻŽāϤ, āĻĻেāϰীāϤে āύ⧟ (not late, early enough). They arrived at the airport in time.

d. in the street – āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻŽাāĻāĻ–াāύে। Everybody should tell their kids not to play in the street.

e. in the morning / afternoon / evening. He went there in the morning.

f. in the future / past – āĻ­āĻŦিāώāϤে āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤে। In the past, learning English was not compulsory, but it is today.

g. in the beginning / end – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦা āĻļেāώে। In the beginning learning English seemed difficult, but in the end it seems easy.

h. in the way – āĻĒāĻĨিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āϚāϞাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻŦা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে। āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻ—েāϞে āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, in the way āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ’āĻĒāĻĨে’ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ, āϝা āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϘāϟāϤে āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻেāϝ়। He could not go to that room because there was a table in the way. Don’t leave your suitcase here. It is in the way of other passengers.

i. once in a while – āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally āĻŦা sometimes). āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āύিāϝ়āĻŽিāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āύা āĻ•āϰে āϝāĻĻি āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻ–āύ once in a while āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়। Once in a while, we go to visit my sister in Dhaka.

j. in no time – āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে (in a very short time). Rafi finished his writing a report in no time at all.

k. in the meantime= āχāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে (at the same time, meanwhile). Rakib passed the SSC Examination and in the meantime he learnt spoken English.

l. in the middle – āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে। Peter stood in the middle of the room. He is in the middle of my study.

m. in the event that – āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻŽāύāϟা āϘāϟে āϝা⧟ (if it happens). In the event that you get a job, you please let me know.

n. in case – āϝāĻĻি (if). In case I can’t get back in time, you give me a call.

On:

āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ: ’on’-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ ‘āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϝাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে, āϤা āϝেāύ āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āώে (contact) āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ–া⧜া āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞেāϰ (wall) āϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āώে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ ’on’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • The books are on the table.
  • There is a clock on the wall.

Common usage of ‘on’:

a. on a day / date: I will visit you on Sunday. His birthday is on May 25.

b. on a / the bus / train / plane / bike / ship: My brother is already on the plane. They came to college on the bus.

c. on the floor of a building: Mr. Rafiq lives on the tenth floor of that building.

’On’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϜাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻŽāϰা ‘on’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু common expression āϜেāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰি।

a. on time – āĻ িāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে। In spite of bad weather, our plane left on time.

b. on the corner – āĻ•োāύা⧟ āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āύাāϰে। They live on the corner of Nazrul Islam avenue.

c. on the sidewalk – āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āϧাāϰ āĻŦা āĻĒাāĻļ। Always walk on the sidewalk for your safety.

d. on the way – On the way + place: āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে। āĻāχ phrase-āĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে, āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦা āĻļেāώে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟। They stop at the grocery store on the way to their house. On the way to work, I stopped at the grocery store. I saw Jack on the way to school.

e. on the right / left – āĻĄাāύে / āĻŦাāĻŽে। Rafiq sat on the left side of the room and Faruk sat on the right.

f. on television – āϟেāϞিāĻ­িāĻļāύে। Popular songs will be on television tonight.

g. on the telephone – āĻĢোāύে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟। He will be here soon. Now he is on the telephone.

h. on the whole – āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে (in general). On the whole he did good in his examination.

i. on the other hand – āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĒāĻ•্āώে। Rahi is not happy with what he has; on the other hand Faruk is.

j. on sale – āĻ•āĻŽāĻĻাāĻŽে āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟েāϰ āĻ…āĻĢাāϰ (sale offer at lower price than normal). The regular price of this pair of shoes is 14 hundred taka, but today it’s on sale for 10 hundred.

k. on foot – āĻĒা⧟ে āĻšেāϟে (walking). I usually go to school on foot.

At:

At āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻ•োāĻĨা⧟ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে, āϤা āϜাāύাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ at āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Example:

  • Rahi is at home. Rafiq is at school.

Common usage of ‘at’:

a. at + an address

b. at + a specific time (clock time)

Example:

  • Rafiq lives at Shahjadpur, Sirajganj, Bangladesh.
  • Rafiq will come here at 3 pm

At preposition-āĻāϰ āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে address-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽুāϞāĻ• āĻ›োāϟ āĻ•োāύ āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻŦা āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ-āĻ—āĻž্āϜেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে  ‘at’ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

Example:

  • You can enjoy the beauty of Nature if you go at Hakimpur village.

’At’ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ—ুāϞো āϜাāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻŽāϰা ‘at’ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŽāύ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু common expression āϜেāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰি।

a. at night – āϰাāϤ্āϰীāϤে। I never go out anywhere at night.

b. at least – āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•্āώে। I need to spend at least 500 taka per month for learning English.

c. at once – āĻ•োāύāϰুāĻĒ āĻĻেāϰী āύা āĻ•āϰে (immediately). Please go there at once. He is in trouble.

d. at present / at the moment – āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে (now). He is playing at the moment.

e. at times – āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে (occasionally). At times it is difficult to understand him.

f. at first – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻ•ে। At first he felt nervous to speak English, but now he can speak English fluently.

g. good at + subject – āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻŦা āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ­াāϞ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা। Rahi is good at English.

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