Completing sentences
Completing Sentence-āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽাāĻŦāϞী
āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻাāώাāϰ āϝে āĻোāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻিāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώাā§ āĻĒ্āϰাā§āĻ completing sentence-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻিāĻু āύা āĻিāĻু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻšā§ে āĻĨাāĻে। āĻ āύেāĻেāĻ āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āύা āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻিāĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে sentence āĻি complete āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āϤা āĻ িāĻ āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āύা । āϤাāĻ āύিāĻেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻā§āϤ্āϤে āĻāύে āϰীāϤিāĻŽāϤো āĻāϰ্āĻা āĻāϰāϞে āĻ āϤি āϏāĻšāĻেāĻ sentence complete āĻāϰাāϰ āĻৌāĻļāϞ āĻ āϰ্āĻিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে । āĻāĻাā§া, āĻāĻ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো English grammar- āĻāϰ āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ ংāĻļেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŽাāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ English sentence āĻ structure āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϏāĻŽ্āϝāĻ āϧাāϰāύা āĻĻিāϤে āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ।
Too ---- to āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা Enough ---- to
Rule 01: Too —— to āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা enough ——- to āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে simple sentence āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, adjective āĻŦা adverb-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে too āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰে enough āĻŦāϏে। āϤাāĻাā§া noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে too much/too many/enough āĻŦāϏে। āĻāĻĻেāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞোঃ
a) Sub + verb + too + adj / adv + (for + personal object) + to + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
b) Sub + verb + adj / adv + enough + (for + personal object) + to + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
c) Sub + verb + enough / too much / too many + noun + (for + personal object) + to + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. The man was too weak —————.
A. The man was too weak to walk.
Q. The load is too heavy for her —————.
A. The load is too heavy for her to carry.
Q. —————- to complete in time.
A. He works too slowly to complete in time.
Q. It is too interesting a matter for us ————-.
A. It is too interesting a matter for us to overlook.
Q. Raju is strong enough to ---------.
A. Raju is strong enough to defeat anybody.
Q. Jony had enough intelligence ---------.
A. Jony had enough intelligence to get love.
Q. He has too much money to --------.
A. He has too much money to purchase anything anytime.
Q. At times it creates too many problems for me - --------.
A. At times it creates too many problems for me to solve.
So ——- that
Rule 02: So ——- that āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে complex sentence āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, that-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ clause-āĻিāϤে āĻŽূāϞ াāĻŦāϤ্āύ-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে tense āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী can/could/cannot /could not āĻŦāϏে। āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞোঃ
a) Sub1 + verb + so + adj / adv + that + sub2 + can /could / cannot / could not + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. The patient was so weak ————-.
A. The patient was so weak that he could not walk.
Q. Their throats were so dry ————-.
A. Their throats were so dry that they couldn’t speak.
Q. He is so expert that ————-.
A. He is so expert that he can solve it easily.
Q. She is ————that she can understand it quickly.
A. She is so intelligent that she can understand it quickly.
Q. He plays so skilfully ————. (modal āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻāϰে āĻāϰুāύ)
A. He plays so skilfully that everybody gets amused.
So that āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা in order that (āϝাāϤে)
Rule 03: So that āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা in order that āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে complex sentence āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, that-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ clause-āĻিāϤে āĻŽূāϞ verb-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে tense āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী can/could/may/might/will āĻŦāϏে। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে can/could āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦāύা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে may/might āĻŦāϏে। āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞোঃ
a) Sub1 + verb ——- + so that / in order that + sub2 + can /could / may / might / will + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. The girl read attentively so that ————.
A. The girl read attentively so that she could pass.
Q. We eat so that —————.
A. We eat so that we may live. ( āϏāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦāύা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে )
Q. The lady flattered John so that ————-.
A. The lady flattered John so that she could exploit him.
Q. ——————- that they may get harvest.
A. The farmers sow seeds that they may get harvest.
Q. I closed the door so that he ————.
A. I closed the door so that he might not enter the room.
Q. She saved money in order that ————-.
A. She saved money in order that she could buy a gift.
Provided / provided that / providing that / if / whether / in case
Rule 04: Provided/provided that/providing that/if/whether /in case (āϝāĻĻি) āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāĻĻি। āĻāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে complex sentence āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻŦāϏিā§ে sentence-āĻি complete āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞোঃ
a) Sub1 + verb ——- + provided / provided that / providing that / if / whether / in case + sub2 + verb + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. She will shine in life provided that ————-.
A. She will shine in life provided that she works hard.
Q. The plane will take off provided ————-.
A. The plane will take off provided the weather is good.
Q. I must agree to go providing that ————.
A. I must agree to go providing that my expenses are paid.
Q. ——————— if circumstances favour us.
A. We’ll start our programme if circumstances favour us.
Q. I’ve bought a chicken in case ————-.
A. I’ve bought a chicken in case her sister stays to lunch.
Q. I’m not sure whether/if ————-.
A. I’m not sure whether/if I’ll have time.
Q. Let’s buy a bottle of wine in case ————-.
A. Let’s buy a bottle of wine in case Roger comes.
Lest ---- should āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা In case --- should
Rule 05: Lest āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা in case āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒাāĻে āĻā§ āĻšā§ āϝে (for fear that) / āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻে (by chance)। āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻি negative āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻ lest āĻŦা in case āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝে clause- āĻি āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšā§ āϤাāϤে no āĻŦা not āĻŦāϏে āύা। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, lest āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা in case- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ clause āĻিāϤে āĻŽূāϞ verb- āĻāϰ base form – āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী should (āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻŦিāĻļেāώে might/would) āĻŦāϏে। āϤāĻŦে āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻŦিāĻļেāώে āĻāĻŦং subjunctive mood- āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে should / might / would āĻŦāϏে āύা। āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞোঃ
a) Sub1 + verb ----- + lest / in case + sub2 + should / might / would + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
b) Sub1 + verb ----- + lest / in case + sub2 + verb āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. I wrote down her address in case ---------.
A. I wrote down her address in case I should forget it.
Q. I’ve bought a chicken in case ---------.
A. I’ve bought a chicken in case Rafi should stay to lunch.
Q. They kept watch all night lest ---------.
A. They kept watch all night lest robbers should come.
Q. We must take care lest ---------.
A. We must take care lest evil thoughts enter our hearts.
Q. We must take immediate action lest, --------.
A. We must take immediate action lest, it grow worse.
Q. He hid in the woods lest ----------.
A. He hid in the woods lest the soldiers would find him.
Q. ------------ you should miss the train.
A. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
Unless / If not / Except if
Rule 06: Unless / if not / except if āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāĻĻি āύা। āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻি negative āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻ unless / if not / except if āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝে clause- āĻি āĻāϰāĻŽ্āĻ āĻšā§ āϤাāϤে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ no āĻŦা not āĻŦāϏে āύা। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, unless / if not / except if – āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ clause- āĻিāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦা āĻĒāϰে āϏāĻ্āĻāϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāϰেāĻāĻি clause āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে sentence- āĻি complete āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Unless/Except if + sub1 + affirmative verb ---- + ,+ sub2 + verb ----.
b) Sub1 + verb ----- + unless/except if + sub2 + affirmative verb ------.
c) Sub1 + verb ----- + if + sub2 + negative verb---.
Q. Unless you start at once, --------.
A. Unless you start at once, you will miss the train.
Q. Please come here tomorrow unless --------.
A. Please come here tomorrow unless I phone.
Q. I’ll take the job unless -------.
A. I’ll take the job unless the pay is too low.
Q. My wife will be upset if -------.
A. My wife will be upset if I don’t get back tomorrow.
Q. -------------, my father will be angry.
A. If I do not study properly, my father will be angry.
Q. I’ll be back tomorrow except if --------.
A. I’ll be back tomorrow except if there’s a plane strike.
Until āĻāĻŦং Till
Rule 07: Till āĻāĻŦং until āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻোāύāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§। Until āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝে āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āύা (till not) āĻāĻŦং till āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝে āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ (up to)। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, until / till –āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে clause āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āύা āĻšāϞে until / till āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাā§। āϤāĻŦে āϝেāĻšেāϤু until āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা negative āĻŦোāϧāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাā§ āϤাāĻ until āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝে clause- āĻি āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§ āϏে clause- āĻ no āĻŦা not āĻŦāϏে āύা। āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϤিāϞ্āϞ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা affirmative āĻŦোāϧāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাā§ āĻŦāϞে till āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝে clause- āĻি āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§ āϏে clause- āĻি negative āĻĻিā§ে āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§। Until / till-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Until / till + affirmative clause
b) Till + negative clause
c) Till / until + word / phrase
Q. Wait until --------.
A. Wait until the rain stops.
Q. Await me till --------.
A. Await me till I do not come back.
Q. His mother will be nursing him until -------.
A. His mother will be nursing him until he comes round.
Q. My wife will wait till -------.
A. My wife will wait till I do not telephone.
Q. ---------- until / till I hear from you.
A. I’ll wait until / till I hear from you.
Q. OK, then, I won’t expect you until / till -------.
A. OK, then, I won’t expect you until / till midnight.
As long as / So long as
Rule 08: As long as / so long as āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāϤāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা condition āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰা āϝাā§। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϝে, as long as / so long as āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ affirmative clause āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§। As long as / so long as āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Sub1 + verb ------- + as long as / so long as + sub2 + affirmative verb ------.
Q. He’s welcome to stay as long as --------.
A. He’s welcome to stay as long as I can afford.
Q. I’ll remember that day as long as -------.
A. I’ll remember that day as long as I live.
Q. ---------- so long as you drive carefully.
A. You may take my car so long as you drive carefully.
Q. Wait here as long as -------.
A. Wait here as long as it rains.
Q. Allah will be with us so long as -------.
A. Allah will be with us so long as our aim is honest.
Q. ---------- as long as she could.
A. Shania worked as long as she could.
It is time / It is high time
Rule 09: It is time / It is high time āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে infinitive phrase āĻিংāĻŦা past indefinite tense-āĻāϰ clause āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§। āϤāĻŦে āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻšā§েāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে infinitive phrase āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āĻোāύ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϤোāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰ āĻšā§ে āĻেāĻে āϤাāĻ āĻŦিāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ āύা āĻāϰে āĻ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤেāĻ āĻাāĻāĻি āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰা āĻāĻিāϤ āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ past indefinite tense-āĻāϰ clause āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা present tense-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাā§। It is time āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে It is high time āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϞে āĻŦেāĻļি āĻোāϰ / āĻুāϰুāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাā§। It is time / It is high time āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) It is time / It is high time + (for + object)+ to + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
b) It is time / It is high time + sub2 + verb-āĻāϰ past form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. It is time to --------.
A. It is time to start the work.
Q. It is high time for us to --------.
A. It is high time for us to attack the enemy.
Q. It is time we -------.
A. It is time we started our business.
Q. ---------- time they changed their eating habits.
A. It’s high time they changed their eating habits.
Q. It’s time we -------.
A. It’s time we earned our livelihood.
Let alone
Rule 10: Let alone āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϞো “āĻাāĻŦা āϝাā§ āύা”, “āĻ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āύিঃāĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ”, “āϤো āĻĻূāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা” āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা “āϤা āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽāύāĻি” āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। Let alone āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ negative āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϞেāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻŦিāĻļেāώে affirmative āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। Let alone-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Sub + negative verb + āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻোāĻ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু + āĻāĻŽা ( , ) + let alone + āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু ।
b) Sub + affirmative verb + āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু + āĻāĻŽা ( , ) + let alone + āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻোāĻ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু।
Q. He can’t swim one kilometre, let alone --------.
A. He can’t swim one kilometre, let alone ten kilometres.
Q. She cannot visit a small town, let alone -------.
A. She cannot visit a small town, let alone a big city.
Q. -----------, let alone one shirt.
A. I can purchase ten shirts, let alone one shirt.
Q. Lisa may get first division, let --------.
A. Lisa may get first division, let alone third division.
Q. I’ve not decided on the menu yet, let alone----.
A. I’ve not decided on the menu yet, let alone an ice cream.
Would that / If / Had / I wish / I desire
Rule 11: Would that / If / Had / I wish / I desire āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻোāύ sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻŦāϏে āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻ্āĻা, āĻāĻাāĻ্āĻ্āώা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻে past unreal fact / subjunctive past tense āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§। āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύ past simple tense āĻāϰ āĻšāϞেāĻ āϤা present āĻিংāĻŦা future tense-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰে। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻ verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে be verb āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϞে āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏāϰ্āĻŦ্āĻĻা were āĻŦāϏে। Would that / If / Had / I wish / I desire-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Would that / If + sub + verb-āĻāϰ past form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ + !
b) Had + sub + object + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ + !
c) I wish / I desire + sub + verb-āĻāϰ past form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ + .
Q. If I --------!
A. If I were a child again!
Q. Would that he --------!
A. Would that he stood first in the exam!
Q. Had I the --------!
A. Had I the wings of a bird!
Q. ------- I were a king.
A. I wish I were a king.
Q. I desire he -------.
A. I desire he were alive today.
Q. If only I ------!
A. If only I knew more people!
Q. I wish it --------.
A. I wish it were Saturday.
If/Had ......... would/could/might/should
Rule 12: If / Had āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ িāϤ sentence āĻ āĻĻুāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻāϞে āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ āĻĒāϰ clause-āĻিāϤে would / could / might / should āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻ āĻāĻāĻি clause past simple tense-āĻāϰ āĻšāϞে āĻ āĻĒāϰ clause āĻিāĻ past simple tense-āĻāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি clause past perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻšāϞে āĻ āĻĒāϰ clause āĻিāĻ past perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻŦাāϰ, past simple tense-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে be verb āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϞে āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা were āĻŦāϏে। If / Had āϝুāĻ্āϤ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) If + sub1 + verb-āĻāϰ past form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ + , + sub2 + would / could / might / should + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
b) If + sub1 + had + verb-āĻāϰ past participle form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ + , + sub2 + would have / could have / might have + verb-āĻāϰ past participle form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. If I had another $5000, I -------.
A. If I had another $5000, I could buy a car.
Q. If you asked me nicely, I -------.
A. If you asked me nicely, I might get you a drink.
Q. If he had run a bit faster, he -------.
A. If he had run a bit faster, he could have won.
Q. Had -----------, I might have realised it easily.
A. Had I not been so tired, I might have realised it easily.
Q. If I knew her name, I --------.
A. If I knew her name, I should tell you.
Q. If ------- you I should stop smoking.
A. If I were you I should stop smoking.
Subjunctive Mood
Rule 13: āϝāĻāύ āĻোāύ sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻোāύ āĻিāĻু āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ, āĻāĻাāĻ্āĻ্āώিāϤ āĻিংāĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āĻŦুāĻাā§, āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻ্āϤ sentence-āĻিāϤে subjunctive mood āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাā§। Subjunctive Mood āĻĻিā§ে āĻāĻ িāϤ sentence-āĻি present, past āĻিংāĻŦা future tense āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻিāύ্āϤু that-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ clause-āĻিāϰ verb-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে s, es, ing, ed āĻŦা modal āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšā§ āύা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āϏāϰ্āĻŦ্āĻĻা verb āĻāϰ base form āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ advice, advise, ask, demand, desire, desirable, essential, imperative, importance, important, insist, insistence, necessary, prefer, preferable, preference, propose, proposal, recommend, recommendation, request, require, requirement, suggest, suggestion, urge, vital āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰে that āĻĻিā§ে āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻে। Subjunctive Mood-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Sub1 + verb--- + that + sub2 + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
b) Sub + verb--- + to + verb-āĻāϰ base form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ
Q. It is essential that every child --------.
A. It is essential that every child have the same facilities.
Q. It was important that James --------.
A. It was important that James write to Uncle Arthur soon.
Q. It was important that James --------. (British Rule)
A. It was important that James wrote to Uncle Arthur soon.
Q. It is essential to --------.
A. It is essential to solve the problem.
Q. Our advice is that the company --------.
A. Our advice is that the company invest in new equipment.
Q. God -------- the King/Queen.
A. God save the King/Queen. (fixed phrase)
Q. God -------- you.
A. God bless you. (fixed phrase)
Q. It is important that Helen --------.
A. It is important that Helen be present that time.
Q. The doctor suggested that she -------.
A. The doctor suggested that she not smoke.
Q. ------------ that the prerequisite be waved.
A. She refused the request that the prerequisite be waved.
To be + adjective / noun / noun phrase
Rule 14: āĻোāύ sentence-āĻ verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে feel, suppose, imagine, report, discover, know, judge, assume, consider, find, think, believe, declare, prove āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļ to be + adjective / noun āĻŦāϏিā§ে āĻিংāĻŦা āĻļুāϧু adjective / noun āĻŦāϏিā§ে sentence-āĻিāĻে complete āĻāϰা āϝাā§। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻ āĻāĻāύো āĻāĻāύো to be + noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে to be + noun phrase āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Subject + āĻāĻ্āϤ verb + object + to be + adjective / noun
b) Subject + āĻāĻ্āϤ verb + (object) + adjective / noun
Q. I know him to --------.
A. I know him to be honest.
Q. We supposed him to be --------.
A. We supposed him to be a gentle man.
Q. The lady was judged to be ---------.
A. The lady was judged to be guilty.
Q. ------------ herself to be great.
A. She never imagined herself to be great.
Q. We considered him --------.
A. We considered him honest. (OR, to be honest.)
Q. I believe my students -------.
A. I believe my students sincere. (OR, to be sincere.)
Q. The man is reported to --------.
A. The man is reported to be a spy.
Q. We assumed her to be -------.
A. We assumed her to be innocent.
Q. They discovered the guard --------.
A. They discovered the guard to be faithful.
Q. We felt the decision to --------.
A. We felt the decision to be wise.
Q. The chief guest declared the sports ---------.
A. The chief guest declared the sports open.
As + adjective / noun (phrase)
Rule 15: āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি, conjunction āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে as āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϞে āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšā§ āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦা āϝেāĻšেāϤু। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻোāύ sentence-āĻ verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে regard, treat, condemn, acknowledge, accept, take (for), consider, know, define, describe, interpret, use, recognize āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļে as + adjective / adjective phrase / noun / noun phrase āĻŦāϏিā§ে sentence- āĻিāĻে complete āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āĻāĻŦং āϤāĻāύ as āĻāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšā§ āĻŽāϤো। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Subject + verb + object + as + adjective / adjective phrase / noun / noun phrase.
Q. He treats me as -------.
A. He treats me as innocent.
Q. Khan Jahan Ali was regarded as --------.
A. Khan Jahan Ali was regarded as a pious man.
Q. ------------ Mir Jafar as treacherous.
A. People condemn Mir Jafar as treacherous.
Q. Nobody can accept her as --------.
A. Nobody can accept her as his well-wisher.
Q. I took him ---------.
A. I took him for my friend. (take āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে as āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে for āĻŦāϏে)
Q. Sher-e-Bangla’s contribution is acknowledged as ------.
A. Sher-e-Bangla’s contribution is acknowledged as great.
Q. Everybody recognised him --------.
A. Everybody recognised him as the lawful heir.
The place ... where * The time ... when
Rule 16: āĻোāύ incomplete sentence-āĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ (place) āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰāϞে āĻāĻ্āϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰে where + subject + verb --- āĻŦāϏিā§ে sentence-āĻি complete āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽā§ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰāϞে āĻāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻĒāϰে when + subject + verb --- āĻŦāϏিā§ে sentence-āĻি complete āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Sub1+verb+the place+where+sub2+verb+-----.
b) Sub1+verb+the time+when+sub2+verb+-----.
Q. Sirajganj is the place -------.
A. Sirajganj is the place where I was born.
Q. 10:00 A.M. is the time --------.
A. 10:00 A.M. is the time when I go to office.
Q. A railway station is the place -------.
A. A railway station is the place where trains stop.
Q. 1971 is the year -------.
A. 1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
Q. ------------ where UNESCO Headquarter is.
A. Paris is the city where UNESCO Headquarter is.
Q. Saturday is the day --------.
A. Saturday is the day when the week begins.
Q. Dhaka is the place where --------.
A. Dhaka is the place where most of the city dwellers live.
Q. New York is the city -------.
A. New York is the city where business magnets reside.
Q. ------------ day when all Muslims go to mosque.
A. Friday is the day when all Muslims go to mosque.
Q. Stadium is the venue --------.
A. Stadium is the venue where spectators go for rejoice.
Scarcely had ...... when, Hardly had ...... when āĻāĻŦং No sooner had ..... than
Rule 17: Scarcely had ------ when, Hardly had --- --when āĻāĻŦং No sooner had ------ than āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ past perfect tense āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšā§। āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা negative āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰে āϏেāĻšেāϤু āĻāϤে no, not, never āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে āύা। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻāϰ when āĻŦা than āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻĨাāĻে past perfect tense āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻĨাāĻে past indefinite tense. āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻāϰূāĻĒ negative-āĻŦোāϧāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ (āϝেāĻŽāύ- no sooner, scarcely, hardly, a little, barely, never, nor, rarely, neither āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻĻিā§ে āĻোāύ sentence āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞে āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে auxiliary verb-āĻি (āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ had) subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence-āĻāϰ structure āĻ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ āύিāĻে āĻĻেāĻā§া āĻšāϞো।
a) Scarcely + had + sub1 + past participle form---- + when + sub2 + past form of form-----.
b) Hardly + had + sub1 + past participle form---- + when + sub2 + past form-----.
c) No sooner + had + sub1 + past participle form---- + than + sub2 + past form-----.
Q. Scarcely had I reached the station --------.
A. Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left.
Q. -------------- when he ran away.
A. Hardly had the police reached there when he ran away.
Q. Hardly had we reached college -------.
A. Hardly had we reached college when the exam began.
Q. ------------ than it began to rain.
A. No sooner had we gone outside than it began to rain.
Q. No sooner had I got to the station -------.
A. No sooner had I got to the station than the train left.
Q. ------------ when it went out of sight.
A. Hardly had he looked at it when it went out of sight.
Verb + ing āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ
Rule 18: āĻোāύ sentence-āĻ admit, agree, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, regret, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, start, stop, suggest, tolerate, can’t help, couldn’t help āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻিংāĻŦা preposition (āϝেāĻŽāύ- at, on, out, up, in, about, over, under, for, from, of, off, by, without, except, besides, through, after, before, while āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা object to, look forward to, confess to, accustomed to, get used to, be used to, committed to, with a view to āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϏাāϧেāϰāύāϤ “verb+ing+ āĻāύুāϏাংāĻিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ” āĻŦāϏে। āϤāĻŦে āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻŦিāĻļেāώে verb+ing…-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে noun / noun phrase / pronoun- āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Q. She is considering ____.
A. She is considering not attending the party.
Q. Mahi missed _____ when he was travelling.
A. Maho missed watching the news when he was travelling.
Q. Would you mind ______?
A. Would you mind picking up the load, please?
Q. They have stopped ______.
A. They have stopped smoking due to its bad effects.
Q. The man forgot about _____.
A. The man forgot about cancelling his appointment.
Q. ----------- to receiving a letter from you.
A. She is looking forward to receiving a letter from you.
Q. I got used to ----------.
A. I got used to bathing in the river daily.
Q. ----------- to purchasing a book.
A. She went to market with a view to purchasing a book.
Q. ----------- help shedding her tears.
A. The lady could not help shedding her tears.
As though / As if āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ
Rule 19: āĻোāύ Senten toce-āĻ as though / as if āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে present indefinite / present perfect tense āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĒāϰে past indefinite tense āĻšāĻŦে, āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে past indefinite tense āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĒāϰে past perfect tense āĻšāĻŦে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
a) Present indefinite / perfect tense + as though / as if + past indefinite tense.
b) Past indefinite tense + as though / as if + past perfect tense.
Q. He talks to me as though ------------.
A. He talks to me as though he knew everything.
Q. She proceeded as if --------.
A. She proceeded as if I had not spoken anything.
Q. Mr. Rasel behaves as if --------.
A. Mr. Rasel behaves as if he were all in all in this office.
Q. He submitted the form quickly as if --------.
A. He submitted the form quickly as if it had been the last.
Q. ---------- as though she informed the police.
A. The girl talks as though she informed the police.
Subject āĻ āύুāϏাāϰে Verb āĻŦāϏে
Rule 20: Subject-āĻāϰ āĻ িāĻ āĻĒāϰেāĻ together with, along with, accompanied by, as well as, with, including āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻ ংāĻļāĻিāĻেāĻ Subject āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āϧāϰা āĻšā§। āĻŦিāϧাā§ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦাংāĻļেāϰ āĻāϰ Subject-āĻি Singular āĻšāϞে Verb-āĻ Singular āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং Subject-āĻি Plural āĻšāϞে Verb-āĻ Plural āĻšāĻŦে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Q. The singer, along with his parents, manager and some friends, ------------.
A. The singer, along with his parents, manager and some friends, is going to the party.
Q. ------------ colleagues, am going to enjoy the match.
A. I, with my friends, teachers and other colleagues, am going to enjoy the match.
Q. ----------- friends has done the work.
A. Samir as well as his friends has done the work.
Q. Rubia, accompanied by her wife, three children and some near and dear ones, ------------.
A. Rubia, accompanied by her wife, three children and some near and dear ones, is leaving Dhaka tonight.
So, too, also āĻĻিā§ে affirmative agreement
Rule 21: āĻোāύ Sentence-āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ So, too āĻāĻŦং also āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϞেāĻ so āĻŦāϏে auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻিāύ্āϤু too āĻāĻŦং also āĻŦāϏে auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause-āĻ auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻূāĻ্āϤ āĻোāύ verb (āϝেāĻŽāύ be verb, do verb, have verb, modal auxiliary verb āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ) āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ clause-āĻ āĻāĻ্āϤ auxiliary verb āĻিāĻেāĻ so, too āĻŦা also-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause-āĻ auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻূāĻ্āϤ āĻোāύ verb āύা āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ clause-āĻ person āĻ tense āĻ āύু্āϝাā§ী so, too āĻিংāĻŦা also-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে do, does āĻŦা did āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§।
a) Subject1 + affirmative verb + ---- + , + and + so + auxiliary verb + subject2
b) Subject1 + affirmative verb + ---- + , + and + subject2 + auxiliary verb + also / too
Q. ------------, and I will also.
A. She will talk to him, and I will also.
Q. ------------, and her friend did too.
A. She went there, and her friend did too.
Q. Lamia helps him do the laundry, and so ----- her sister.
A. Lamia helps him do the laundry, and so does her sister.
Q. ----------- watching TV, and so does his brother.
A. Samara enjoys watching TV, and so does his brother.
Either, neither āĻĻিā§ে negative agreement
Rule 22: āĻোāύ Sentence-āĻ neither āĻāĻŦং either āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻāĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϞেāĻ neither āĻŦāϏে affirmative auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻিāύ্āϤু either āĻŦāϏে negative auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause-āĻ auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻূāĻ্āϤ āĻোāύ verb (āϝেāĻŽāύ- be verb, do verb, have verb, modal auxiliary verb āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ) āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ clause-āĻ āĻāĻ্āϤ auxiliary verb-āĻিāĻেāĻ neither āĻŦা either-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause-āĻ auxiliary verb-āĻāϰ āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻূāĻ্āϤ āĻোāύ verb āύা āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ clause-āĻ person āĻ tense āĻ āύুāϝাā§ী neither-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে do, does āĻŦা did āĻāĻŦং either-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে do not (=don’t), does not (=doesn’t) āĻŦা did not (=didn’t) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
a) Subject1 + negative verb + ---- + , + and + neither + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject2
b) Subject1 + negative verb + ---- + , + and + subject2 + negative auxiliary verb + either
Q. She did not attend the party, and neither -------.
A. She did not attend the party, and neither did I.
Q. The boy hasn’t done it, and his friend ----------.
A. The boy hasn’t done it, and his friend hasn’t either.
Q. ------------, and Mahi did not either.
A. Bashir did not ask any oral test, and Mahi did not either.
Introductory Verbal Modifier-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
Rule 23: Introductory verbal modifier-āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϝে main clause-āĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ āϏেāĻ main clause-āĻāϰ subject-āĻি introductory verbal modifier-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝুāĻ্āϤিāϝুāĻ্āϤāĻাāĻŦে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒৃāĻ্āϤ āĻ āϏāĻ্āĻāϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāĻ introductory verbal modifier-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰেāϰ main clause āĻিāϰ subject āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ personal subject (āϝেāĻŽāύ- he, she, we, I, you, they, Jennie, Judai āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ) āĻšā§। Introductory verbal modifier-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ main clause-āĻি āĻāĻāύো passive form / passive voice-āĻāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
a) Introductory verbal modifier + , + personal subject + active voice-Gi verb + ---------- +.
Q. After graduating from Dhaka College, ---------.
A. After graduating from Dhaka College, Mr. Shahed continued his studies at IBA of Dhaka University.
Q. To protect ourselves from cold, ------------.
A. To protect ourselves from cold, we wear warm clothes.
Q. After finishing her speech, -----------.
A. After finishing her speech, she invited the audience to ask questions.
Q. Having -----------, Shimu went to college.
A. Having taken his meal, Shohana went to college.
Past Indicating Words āĻĻিā§ে Sentence
Rule 24: āĻোāύ Sentence-āĻ Past Indicating Word āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ (āϝেāĻŽāύ- yesterday, once, once upon a time, ago, long long ago, that day, that night, that---, last year, last---, in those days, then, so-called, during the reign of ---, at the age of ---, in 1985, in childhood, at the beginning of ---, in ancient time āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ) āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻāĻ্āϤ Sentence-āĻিāĻে Past Tense (āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ Pat Simple / Perfect Tense) āĻĻিā§ে āĻāϰāϤে āĻšā§। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, Sentence-āĻিāϤে āĻĻুāĻি āĻāĻāύা āĻŦāϰ্āύিāϤ āĻšāϞে āϤাāĻে Past Perfect Tense āĻĻিā§ে āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Q. Mridula ---------- last night.
A. Rahi came home last night.
Q. Jerry --------- at the age of four.
A. Jerry came to the orphanage at the age of four.
Q. In those days there -------- ships.
A. In those days there were no steam ships.
Q. ----------- before I joined the company.
A. I had completed the thesis before I joined the company.
Since-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
Rule 25: Since-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে present indefinite / present perfect āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĒāϰে past indefinite āĻšāĻŦে; āĻāĻŦাāϰ since-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে past indefinite āĻĨাāĻāϞে āĻĒāϰে past perfect āĻšāĻŦে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
a) Present indefinite / perfect + since + past indefinite
b) Past indefinite + since + past perfect
Q. Many years have passed since ----------.
A. Many years have passed since his friend met him first.
Q. It was long since -----------.
A. It was long since I had seen her last.
Q. ------------ since she visited the zoo.
A. Few years are over since she visited the Taj.
Not only ------ but also-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
Rule 26: āĻোāύ sentence-āĻ not only-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϝে āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ / āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āĻŦāϏে but also-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ / āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āĻŦāϏে। āϤāĻŦে āĻোāύ sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে not only āĻĨাāĻāϞে but also-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ / āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώ্āĻি āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ verb + ---- āĻ āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
Q. They are weak not only ----------.
A. They are weak not only in Biology but also in English.
Q. Not only she -----------.
A. Not only she but also her sister attended the party.
Q. ------------ but also takes physical exercise regularly.
A. Sarika not only studies attentively but also takes physical exercise regularly.
Q. ---------- but also submissive.
A. She is not only kind but also submissive.
Prepared by Noor E Alam
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