Prepositions
Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻাāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¯়ী āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¯়):
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," “between”, “among” "to" etc.
*Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻে modify āĻāĻ°ে āĻŦাāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ে।
Example: He came from Dhaka.
Sometimes, it can also be used before a gerund, adjective, adverb, and verb.
Example:
He got the money in full.- before an adjective.
Go away from here. – before the adverb.
Types of Preposition
Simple = on, in, at, by
Complex = along with, by dint of, because of, on account of
Usage of preposition
On/In/At
Day/Date | On | The meeting was held on Monday |
Month | In | He was born in March |
Year | In | I was in a hospital last year |
Time | At | I will see you at 5 pm |
On
- Date/Date āĻাā§াāĻ direction āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে = In Bangladesh, we drive on the right side of the road.
- Before a horizontal or vertical surface = on the table, on the wall.
- āĻāĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে = They are on the plane.
- To indicate any reason/ground/fact = He was arrested on a charge of theft.
In
- Season/month/year/decade āĻাā§াāĻ āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻোāĻ¨ো āĻāĻāĻি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে: I usually get up in the morning.
- āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦা āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ: My friend lives in India/ The house is in Mirpur Road, Dhaka.
- Permanent āĻাāĻেāĻ° āĻāĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে: My brother is in the Army.
- āĻূāĻĄ়াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻ˛াāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻী āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻিāĻ˛ āĻ¤া āĻাāĻ¨াāĻ¤ে: In the end, we sold our property.
- āĻŦāĻĄ় Place-āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে: I live in Dhaka.
At
- āĻােāĻ Place-āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে at āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়: I live at Gulshan in Dhaka.
- Before the end of/the beginning of month/week/year: I will see you at the end of January.
- To refer any meal time: Please call me at lunchtime.
- āĻাāĻ°োāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻোāĻ¨াে āĻĻিāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে: He is gazing at me.
- Shocked/ alarmed/ delighted-āĻাāĻ¤ীā§ adjective-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে: I was shocked at his father’s death.
For | Used to express how long something is/was going on or continues | My father has been living here for months. |
During | Used to say when something has happened/happens | It must have rained during the night. |
Above, over | When one is at a higher level than another, we use either over or above | The plane was flying above/over the clouds. |
Over | To mean something/someone more than in age or speed | My grandfather is now over ninety. |
Above | In case of measurements or temperature or height | The temperature is three degrees above zero. |
Across | Often used to mean the other side of something, like river/border/bridge, etc. | His house is just across the border. |
Since/ For | Point of time – Since Period of time- for | He has been here since Friday last. I haven’t seen my brother for a long time. |
Since/ from | Point of time āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে since-āĻāĻ° āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি from āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§। āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু since āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° perfect tense-āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§। | He has been here since Friday last. |
Before/ By | Specific āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻŦা specific āĻ¸āĻŽā§েāĻ° āĻāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে before āĻāĻŦং by āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§। | We have to be at home by/before 6 o’clock (ā§ŦāĻা āĻŦা āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻāĻে, āĻোāĻ¨োāĻাāĻŦেāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ¨ā§) |
With | Inanimate āĻোāĻ¨ো āĻিāĻুāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে with āĻŦāĻ¸ে | The duck was shot by my father with a rifle. |
Between/ Among | āĻĻুāĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে between āĻāĻŦং āĻĻুāĻā§েāĻ° āĻ āĻ§িāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে among āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§- | Mr. Karim divided the food between his two sons. I found my pen among all my academic files. |
In/ into | āĻোāĻ¨ো āĻিāĻুāĻ° āĻিāĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻĨাāĻা āĻŦা āĻোāĻ¨ো āĻিāĻুāĻ° āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§- āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻোāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻĨেāĻে āĻ āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻ¨া āĻšā§ে into āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§- | There is no water in the glass The ice melts into water |
To/ Towards /Up | āĻĻিāĻ āĻŦা āĻ˛āĻ্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে To āĻŦা towards āĻŦা Up āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§। |
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