Prepositions
Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻাāĻŽ্āĻŦāϝ়ী āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়):
A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," “between”, “among” "to" etc.
*Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻে modify āĻāϰে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰে।
Example: He came from Dhaka.
Sometimes, it can also be used before a gerund, adjective, adverb, and verb.
Example:
He got the money in full.- before an adjective.
Go away from here. – before the adverb.
Types of Preposition
Simple = on, in, at, by
Complex = along with, by dint of, because of, on account of
Usage of preposition
On/In/At
Day/Date | On | The meeting was held on Monday |
Month | In | He was born in March |
Year | In | I was in a hospital last year |
Time | At | I will see you at 5 pm |
On
- Date/Date āĻাā§াāĻ direction āĻŦুāĻাāϤে = In Bangladesh, we drive on the right side of the road.
- Before a horizontal or vertical surface = on the table, on the wall.
- āĻāϞāĻŽাāύ āϝাāύ āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে = They are on the plane.
- To indicate any reason/ground/fact = He was arrested on a charge of theft.
In
- Season/month/year/decade āĻাā§াāĻ āĻĻিāύেāϰ āϝেāĻোāύো āĻāĻāĻি āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে: I usually get up in the morning.
- āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦা āϰাāϏ্āϤাāϰ āύাāĻŽ: My friend lives in India/ The house is in Mirpur Road, Dhaka.
- Permanent āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে: My brother is in the Army.
- āĻূāĻĄ়াāύ্āϤ āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āĻী āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ āϤা āĻাāύাāϤে: In the end, we sold our property.
- āĻŦāĻĄ় Place-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে: I live in Dhaka.
At
- āĻােāĻ Place-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে at āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়: I live at Gulshan in Dhaka.
- Before the end of/the beginning of month/week/year: I will see you at the end of January.
- To refer any meal time: Please call me at lunchtime.
- āĻাāϰোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦা āĻোāύাে āĻĻিāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে: He is gazing at me.
- Shocked/ alarmed/ delighted-āĻাāϤীā§ adjective-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে: I was shocked at his father’s death.
For | Used to express how long something is/was going on or continues | My father has been living here for months. |
During | Used to say when something has happened/happens | It must have rained during the night. |
Above, over | When one is at a higher level than another, we use either over or above | The plane was flying above/over the clouds. |
Over | To mean something/someone more than in age or speed | My grandfather is now over ninety. |
Above | In case of measurements or temperature or height | The temperature is three degrees above zero. |
Across | Often used to mean the other side of something, like river/border/bridge, etc. | His house is just across the border. |
Since/ For | Point of time – Since Period of time- for | He has been here since Friday last. I haven’t seen my brother for a long time. |
Since/ from | Point of time āĻŦোāĻাāϤে since-āĻāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি from āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। āĻিāύ্āϤু since āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ perfect tense-āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§। | He has been here since Friday last. |
Before/ By | Specific āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦা specific āϏāĻŽā§েāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে before āĻāĻŦং by āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। | We have to be at home by/before 6 o’clock (ā§ŦāĻা āĻŦা āϤাāϰ āĻāĻে, āĻোāύোāĻাāĻŦেāĻ āĻĒāϰে āύā§) |
With | Inanimate āĻোāύো āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে with āĻŦāϏে | The duck was shot by my father with a rifle. |
Between/ Among | āĻĻুāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে between āĻāĻŦং āĻĻুāĻā§েāϰ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে among āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§- | Mr. Karim divided the food between his two sons. I found my pen among all my academic files. |
In/ into | āĻোāύো āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻিāϤāϰে āĻĨাāĻা āĻŦা āĻোāύো āĻিāĻুāϰ āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§- āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻোāύো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻĨেāĻে āĻ āύ্āϝ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাā§ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āύা āĻšā§ে into āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§- | There is no water in the glass The ice melts into water |
To/ Towards /Up | āĻĻিāĻ āĻŦা āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে To āĻŦা towards āĻŦা Up āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšā§। |
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