Prepositions

  


Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻাāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¯়ী āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¯়): 

A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," “between”, “among”  "to" etc.


*Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ•ে modify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে। 

Example: He came from Dhaka.


Sometimes, it can also be used before a gerund, adjective, adverb, and verb.


Example:

He got the money in full.- before an adjective.

Go away from here. – before the adverb.


Types of Preposition 

Simple = on, in, at, by 

Complex = along with, by dint of, because of, on account of

Usage of preposition 

On/In/At

Day/DateOnThe meeting was held on Monday
MonthInHe was born in March
YearInI was in a hospital last year
TimeAtI will see you at 5 pm

On

  • Date/Date āĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ direction āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে =  In Bangladesh, we drive on the right side of the road.
  • Before a horizontal or vertical surface = on the table, on the wall.
  • āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে = They are on the plane.
  • To indicate any reason/ground/fact = He was arrested on a charge of theft.

In

  • Season/month/year/decade āĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে: I usually get up in the morning.
  • āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦা āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ: My friend lives in India/ The house is in Mirpur Road, Dhaka.
  • Permanent āĻ•াāĻœেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে: My brother is in the Army.
  • āĻšূāĻĄ়াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻ˛াāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻ•ী āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¤া āĻœাāĻ¨াāĻ¤ে: In the end, we sold our property.
  • āĻŦāĻĄ় Place-āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে: I live in Dhaka.

At

  • āĻ›ােāĻŸ Place-āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে at āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়:  I live at Gulshan in Dhaka.
  • Before the end of/the beginning of month/week/year: I will see you at the end of January. 
  • To refer any meal time: Please call me at lunchtime.
  • āĻ•াāĻ°োāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ¨াে āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে: He is gazing at me.
  • Shocked/ alarmed/ delighted-āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ adjective-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে: I was shocked at his father’s death.

 


ForUsed to express how long something is/was going on or continuesMy father has been living here for months.
DuringUsed to say when something has happened/happens It must have rained during the night.
Above, overWhen one is at a higher level than another, we use  either over or above The plane was flying above/over the clouds.
OverTo mean something/someone more than in age or speedMy grandfather is now over ninety.
AboveIn case of measurements or temperature or heightThe temperature is three degrees above zero. 
AcrossOften used to mean the other side of something, like river/border/bridge, etc.His house is just across the border.
Since/ ForPoint of time – Since

Period of time- for 

He has been here since Friday last.

I haven’t seen my brother for a long time. 

Since/ fromPoint of time āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে since-āĻāĻ° āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি from āĻ“ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু since āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° perfect tense-āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ।He has been here since Friday last.
Before/ BySpecific āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦা specific āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে  āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে before āĻāĻŦং by āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।We have to be at home by/before 6 o’clock (ā§ŦāĻŸা āĻŦা āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে, āĻ•োāĻ¨োāĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ¨ā§Ÿ)
WithInanimate āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে with āĻŦāĻ¸েThe duck was shot by my father with a rifle.
Between/ AmongāĻĻুāĻŸি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে between āĻāĻŦং āĻĻুāĻ‡ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে among āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ-Mr. Karim divided the food between his two sons.

I found my pen among all my academic files. 

In/ intoāĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ-

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻ¨া āĻšā§Ÿে into āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ- 

There is no water in the glass

The ice melts into water

To/ Towards

/Up

āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦা āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻ¯ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে To āĻŦা towards āĻŦা Up āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

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