Parts of speech

 Parts Of Speech āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে.?  āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি.?


Parts Of Speech (āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ) : 


Sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•āĻŸি word āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Parts Of Speech āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


āĻ¯āĻĨা : I went to college regularly. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে  I / went / to / college/ regularly āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•āĻŸি word āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Parts Of Speech.


Parts Of Speech 

-āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ : Parts Of Speech āĻ†āĻŸ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°।

They are as follows:

1. Noun (āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯)

2. Pronoun (āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻ¨াāĻŽ)

3. Adjective (āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ)

4. Verb (āĻ•্āĻ°িā§Ÿা)

5. Adverb (āĻ•্āĻ°িā§Ÿা āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ)

6. Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ¨্āĻŦā§Ÿী āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ)

7. Conjunction (āĻ¸ংāĻ¯োāĻœāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ)

8. Interjection (āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ—āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ)

🌹Noun āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে ? Noun āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?

💔💜 Noun ( āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ ) : āĻ¯ে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।

 Naming words are called nouns 


āĻ¯āĻĨা : Rahi, Man, Ball, Pen, Dog, Hen, Bag, Dhaka, Tommy āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।

 

Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ : Noun āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° ।

āĻ¯āĻĨা:

Proper Noun ( āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ )

Common Noun ( āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ )

Collective Noun ( āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ )

Material Noun ( āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ )

Abstract Noun (āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯)

 

Proper Noun ( āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ ) : āĻ¯ে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুু āĻŦা āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Proper Noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । Special names are called Proper Nouns. 

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Abir, Akhi, Sirajganj, Meghna āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।

 

Common Noun ( āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ ) : āĻ¯ে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖীāĻ•ে āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¸ে āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Common Noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Student, Book, Dog, Flower, Boy, Girl āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।


Collective Noun ( āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ ) : āĻ¯ে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖীāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Collective NounāĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Committee, Class, Herd, Army, Club, Family āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।

 

Material Noun ( āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯ ) : āĻ¯ে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨেāĻ° āĻ“āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ুু āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Material Noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে ।

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Oil, Water, Milk, Honey āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।

 

Abstract Noun (āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ্āĻ¯) : āĻ¯ে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻŖ, āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦা āĻ•াāĻœেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Abstract Noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । Names of quality are called Abstract nouns

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Courage, Freedom, Goodness, Kindness, Happiness, Beauty āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।


B. PRONOUN (āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻ¨াāĻŽ):- Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ•ে Pronoun āĻŦāĻ˛ে । Words that are used instead of nouns are called pronoun.  E

xamples(āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ): He (āĻ¸ে,)You (āĻ¤ুāĻŽি), They(āĻ¤াāĻ°া),We (āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া), Our (āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°)Us

(āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°),Mine(āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ°),Ours (āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻিāĻ—েāĻ°),

Your (āĻ¤োāĻŽাāĻ°), Yours(āĻ¤োāĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°), His (āĻ¤াāĻ°,(āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻšāĻ˛ে)), Her (āĻ¤াāĻ°, āĻŽেā§Ÿে āĻšāĻ˛ে)), Hers (āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°, āĻŽেā§Ÿে āĻšāĻ˛ে)), It (āĻāĻŸা),Its (āĻāĻ°), Them (āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°, āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻšāĻ˛ে), Their (āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°), Theirs( āĻ¤াāĻšাāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ‡), This (āĻāĻ‡), That (āĻ¯ে,āĻ), These (āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো), Who (āĻ•ে), What (āĻ•ি), Which (āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻŸি) āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।

 

Adjective āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে ? Adjective āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Adjective ( āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ ) : āĻ¯ে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāĻ° āĻĻোāĻˇ, āĻ—ুāĻŖ, āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা, āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Adjective āĻŦāĻ˛ে । Describing words are called adjectives. āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : 1. She is a beautiful girl. 2. My Shirt is white. 3. You have many friends. 4. He is happy.


Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ : Adjective āĻšাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° । āĻ¯āĻĨা :

Adjective of quality ( āĻ—ুāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ )

Adjective of quantity ( āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ )

Adjective of number ( āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ )

Pronominal Adjective ( āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ )


1.Adjective of quality ( āĻ—ুāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ ) : āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ Adjective āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻ° āĻĻোāĻˇ, āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Adjective of quality āĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : beautiful, bad, good, ill āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।


2.Adjective of quantity ( āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ ) : āĻ¯ে Adjective āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িাāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Adjective of quantity āĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : some, little, few, many, much, enough āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি ।


3.Adjective of number ( āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ ) : āĻ¯ে Adjective āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুুāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Adjective of number āĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Two, Three, Ten, nine āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।


4.Pronominal Adjective ( āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻŖ ) : āĻ¯ে Adjective āĻ•োāĻ¨ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ• āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Pronominal Adjective āĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : 1. This is my pen. 2. That is her book. 3. This is your pencil. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে my, her āĻ“ your āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽে Noun pen, book āĻ“ pencil āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ• āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ› , āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ Pronominal Adjective.


Verb āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? Verb āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?


Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে। Doing words are called verbs. 


Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ : Verb āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। 

āĻ¯āĻĨা :

1. Finite Verb (āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) : āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Verb āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Finite Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

We go to school.

Kabir plays football.


Finite Verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯ :


- Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāĻ¯়।āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ—āĻ°āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে।


- Subject āĻāĻ° Person, Number, Tense āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¯াāĻ¯়ী āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯়।


Finite āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ :


Finite Verb āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। āĻ¯āĻĨা :


a. Principal Verb (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) : āĻ¯ে Verb āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ Verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ›াāĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Principal Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :


We recite holy Quran everyday.

They play in the field.


Principal Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ :


Principal Verb āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। āĻ¯āĻĨা :


I. Transitive Verb (āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) :

āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ Verb āĻāĻ° Object āĻŦা āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে Transitive Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

The baby is drinking milk.

I have bought a book.


Transitive Verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯ :

- Subject āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে


- āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŸি Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• Object āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


- Tense āĻ“ Subject āĻāĻ° Person, Number āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¯াāĻ¯়ী āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻŸে।


II. Intransitive Verb (āĻ…āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) : āĻ¯ে Verb āĻāĻ° Object āĻŦা āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে Intransitive Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

The girl went to school.

Birds fly in the sky.


Intransitive Verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯ :


- āĻāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻ‡ Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে āĻŦāĻ¸ে।


- āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Object āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া।


- Tense āĻ­েāĻĻে Subject āĻāĻ° Person āĻ“ Number āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¯াāĻ¯়ী āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻŸে।


b. Auxiliary Verb (āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) : Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŦ Verbs Principal Verbs āĻāĻ° āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Principal Verbs āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšাāĻ¯়āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¸ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ Verb āĻ•ে Auxiliary Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Auxiliary Verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯ :


- Auxiliary Verbs Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻ¨িāĻœে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨া।


- Auxiliary Verbs Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে Principal Verb āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯়āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°ে।


- Auxiliary Verbs Tense, Voice āĻ“ Mood āĻāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ Principal Verb āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯়āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°ে।


Auxiliary Verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ˛িāĻ•া :


am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, do, does, did, used (to), ought (to), need, dare (to)


Auxiliary Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ :


Auxiliary Verb āĻ¸āĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯়। āĻ¯āĻĨা :


I. Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries :

āĻ¯ে Verb āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে Helping āĻŦা Auxiliary āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো Ordinary Verb āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨āĻ°ূāĻĒ :


Verb to be : am, is, are, was, were


Verb to have : have, has, had


Verb to do : do, does, did


II. Modal Auxiliaries : āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে Mood āĻŦা āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¯ে Auxiliaries āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে Modal Auxiliaries āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Modal Auxiliaries āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨āĻ°ূāĻĒ :


shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, used (to), ought (to), dare (to), need


2. Non-finite Verb (āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া) : āĻ¯ে Verb āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāĻ¯় āĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং Subject āĻāĻ° Number āĻ“ Person āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ে Verb āĻāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ°ূāĻĒেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Non-finite Verb āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Non-finite Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ :


Non-finite Verb āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āĻ¤। 


āĻ¯āĻĨা :

a. Gerund : Gerund āĻšāĻ˛ verb+ing āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে Noun āĻ“ Verb āĻāĻ° āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻ•ে Double Parts of Speech āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ¯়।


Example :

Swimming is a good exercise.

Sleeping is necessary to life.

She is fond of reading poems.


b. Participle : Verb āĻ¯ে āĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Participle āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Participle āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ :


Participle āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। 


āĻ¯āĻĨা :

I. Present Participle : Verb āĻāĻ° ing form āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Present Participle āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

The book is interesting.


II. Past Participle :āĻ¯ে Participle āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ¤ীāĻ¤ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Past Participle āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

I got a decorated room.

Give me a written document.


III. Perfect Participle : āĻ¯āĻĻি Verb āĻāĻ° Past Participle āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে having āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়ে Adjective āĻ“ Verb āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Perfect Participle āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


Example :

The sun having risen, the fog disappeared.


c. Infinitive : Verb āĻāĻ° Present form āĻāĻ° āĻ…াāĻ—ে to āĻŦāĻ¸িāĻ¯়ে Infinitive āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়।

Example :

To tell a lie is a great sin.

I come to see.......।


Adverb āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে ??? 


#Adverb: āĻ¯ে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া verb, Adjective, Preposition, Conjunction āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•োāĻ¨ Adverb āĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Adverb āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- Daily, Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow, Now, Then (āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨), Late, Soon, slowly, Well, Here, Already, Always, Never, Ever, Sometimes, Quite, After, Before, Ago etc.

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āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে/āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨/āĻ•োāĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া verb āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¯ে āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ adverb. 

[N.B: Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ly āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে Adverb āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° Noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ly āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে Adjective āĻšā§Ÿ।]

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Sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻŦা āĻļেāĻˇে adverb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।

āĻ¸ে āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻĻāĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•ুāĻ°āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻ¤েāĻ˛āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।

He recites the holy Quran perfectly.

āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ•āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛।

Carefully speak.

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āĻ•িāĻ›ু adverb (always, never, sometimes) sentence āĻ p.v āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¸ে āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻা āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


He always speaks the truth.

āĻ¸ে āĻ•ি āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ/āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻা āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ে?


Does he always speak truth?

āĻ¤ুāĻŽি āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āĻ¯া āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¨া।


You never tell a lie.

āĻ¤ুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āĻ¯া āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¨া? 


Do you never tell a lie?


āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে/āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“-āĻ¸āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¸ে āĻŦাā§œিāĻ¤ে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।

He sometimes goes at home.

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āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে adverb āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ˛ে

Adverb + a.v + sub + p.v + āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļ।

āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĻ‡ āĻ¸ে āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ে। (āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ + āĻ‡ āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻিāĻš্āĻ›ে)

Always does he speak truth.

āĻ¤ুāĻŽি āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ‡āĻ¨া। (āĻŦāĻ˛ + āĻ‡ + āĻ¨া āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻিāĻš্āĻ›ে)

Never do you tell a lie.

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āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ–েā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨

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āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ি।

I speak the truth

āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ (āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ি)। (āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻাāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛ি)

Always/So do I.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া।

We do not go.

āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ (āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া) 

Neither/Nor do they.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া।

We never go.

āĻ¤াāĻ°াāĻ“ 

Never do they.

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āĻ­াāĻ˛ adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে quite āĻŦāĻ¸ে।Quite (āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ°ুāĻĒে) adverb āĻŸি a.v āĻ“ p.v āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

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āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻŖāĻ°ুāĻĒে āĻ¸ুāĻ¸্āĻĨ।

I am quite well.

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āĻ…āĻļুāĻ­ āĻŦা āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে very āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

āĻ¸ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ–াāĻ°āĻĒ।/āĻ¸ে āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻĒুāĻ°ি āĻ–āĻ°াāĻĒ।

He is very bad.

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Too much/much too āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে noun āĻŦা particple āĻŦāĻ¸ে। 

āĻ¸ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻ¨্āĻ¤।

He is too much tired.

āĻ†āĻœ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি/āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ াāĻ¨্āĻĄা।

Today It is much too cold. 

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Positive degree āĻāĻ° adjective āĻ†āĻ—ে very āĻŦāĻ¸ে much āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া ।

āĻ¸ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ¸ুāĻ¨্āĻĻুāĻ°।

He is very beautiful. (much beautiful āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¨া ।)


 preposition āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻāĻŦং preposition āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•ী āĻ“ preposition āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Preposition :- ( āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻāĻŦং English ) āĻ¯āĻĻি Word, āĻ•োāĻ¨ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun-āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ Word-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ• āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Preposition āĻŦāĻ˛ে। 

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ – at, in, on, to, over, by, for, of, from, above, across, with, under, near, beneath, without, after, among, between, etc.


āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ°্āĻĨে āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨ে preposition -āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻ•োāĻ¨ preposition āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤া āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে āĻ§āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛।


Kinds of prepositions:


1. Simple preposition: āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ preposition āĻšāĻ˛ simple preposition । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ :


(a) At, by, on, with āĻāĻ‡ preposition āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¸্āĻĨিāĻ¤ি āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িā§Ÿা āĻŦা verbs indication rest in place-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ : Rana is standing at the door now.


(b) To, from, for, of, through āĻ“ up āĻāĻ‡ preposition āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ—āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িā§Ÿা āĻŦা verbs showing motion āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Raju comes from his village.


2. Double preposition : āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻŸি Simple preposition āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻ• preposition – āĻāĻ° āĻ¨্āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻšāĻ˛ double preposition. āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: in+to=into, with+in=within, on+to=onto, with+out=without, up+on=upon, out+of=out of āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।


3. Compound Preposition: Noun āĻŦা Adjective āĻŦা Adverb -āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে simple preposition āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯ে preposition āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤া āĻšāĻ˛ Compound preposition āĻŦāĻ˛ে।


4. Participle Preposition: Present participle āĻŦা past participle āĻ¯āĻĻি preposition-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤া participle preposition. āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨- Concerning, considering, judging, regarding, repecting āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি participle preposition āĻ°ৃāĻĒে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। Considering the circumstances you are right.


5. Phrase Preposition: āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• word -āĻāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ˛āĻ¨ে āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ phrase āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻ•āĻŸিāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° preposition -āĻāĻ° āĻ¨্āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤া prepositional phrase āĻŦা phrasal preposition āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: On account of, on the point of, in front of, in spite of, by means of, by dint of, for the sake of, in order to.


6. Disguised Preposition: āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ on, in āĻ“ of -āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে a āĻāĻŦং o āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং word -āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻāĻ°ূāĻĒ preposition āĻšāĻ˛ Disguised preposition āĻŦা āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāĻŦেāĻļী āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: a hunting, ashore, ahead = a = on āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে on āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে a āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।


(a) Now, it is four o’clock. (o = of)

(b) Rana goes there once a week. (in a week)


7. Detached Preposition: Interrogative Preposition, Relative Pronoun āĻāĻŦং Interrogative adverbs āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ prepositions āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ¸ে sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° prepositions āĻ•ে Detached Preposition āĻŦāĻ˛ে। 


āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) What are you looking for?

(b) Where did you come from?


āĻāĻ¤āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻœাāĻ¨āĻ˛াāĻŽ Definition of preposition, kind of preposition and its classified definitions and simple examples.

________________________________________

āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻœাāĻ¨āĻŦো āĻ•āĻ¤িāĻĒā§Ÿ Preposition āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°: 

1. At, in: āĻŦā§œ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻāĻŦং āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: 

(a) My friends lives at Nurpur in Rangpur.

(b) Usually I get up from bed at 6 a.m. in the morning.

āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖীā§Ÿ: āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° the āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু at āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে the āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।


2. In: āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ, āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে, āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে, āĻ­াāĻŦে, āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে, āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿে āĻāĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) The students are in the room.

(b) Sajal succeeded in life in difficulties.

(c) Uzzal is in the midst way to school.

(e) Ovi serves in the army.


3. In, into –In āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং into āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­েāĻ¤āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ—āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: (a) The chair is in the room. 

(b) He is putting the pen into his pocket.


4. In, on, to –āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻ¨্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ­েāĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻšāĻ˛ে in āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻšāĻ˛ে on āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ°ে āĻšāĻ˛ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে। 

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: (a) Comilla is in the east of Bangladesh.

(b) Tripura is on the east of Bangladesh.


5. In, after : āĻ…āĻ¤ীāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে (period of time) past tense-āĻ after āĻāĻŦং āĻ­āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ (pint of time) in āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 

āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: (a) My friend will come from London in a week.

(b) He returned after two months.


6. On: āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ে, āĻ­াāĻŦে, āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ, āĻ•াāĻœে, āĻ¤ে, āĻ¤ীāĻ°ে, āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি, āĻ–েā§Ÿে āĻŦাঁāĻšা āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) The ball is on the table.

(b) The car is on hire.

(c) The cow live on grass.

(d) Dhaka stands on the Buriganga.

(e) This bike is on trail.


7. On, over : āĻ˛াāĻ—াāĻ˛াāĻ—ি āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে over āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸু āĻĢাঁāĻ•া āĻ°েāĻ–ে āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে on āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšূāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) The book is on the table.

(b) The fan is over the head.


8. Since, from, for: āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে since āĻŦা from āĻāĻŦং āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। Since āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻ…āĻ¤ীāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং from āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŦ tense āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ। Since-āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻা perfect āĻŦা perfect continuous tense āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) It has been raining since morning.

(b) He has been ill for a month.

(c) It has been raining for two hours.


9. In, by, before: āĻ­āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে by āĻŦা before āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) I shall have finished reading the story book by or before 9 p.m.

(b) Habib will come in a month.


10. By, with: āĻ¯ে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে By āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে with āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:

(a) This poem was written by Kamal with a parker pen.

(b) The snake was killed by me with a stick.


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āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻĻেāĻ–ি single single preposition āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°:


#To āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻ¸া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. He goes to school everyday. ii. He came to Bangladesh in 1971.

āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।


incline, harmful, beneficial, injurious, according, accustomed, add, admit, adjacent, affectionate, attend, bar, cling, belong, close, commit, common, known, confined, congenial, contrary, dedicate, devote, expose, exceptional, yeld, grateful, hostile, indebted, introduced, irrelevant, liable, loyal,object, prefer, preferable, senior,junior, superior,talk, inferior, prone, refer, reply, speak, lead, eager,willing. 

āĻŦিঃāĻĻ্āĻ°ঃ āĻ†āĻ¸া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛েāĻ“ home, abroad, here, there āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।


āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤িāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽঃ From here to there.

ā§¨।āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ে V+āĻ¤ে / āĻ° = to+V1. āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. He told me to read a book. ii.I have nothing to give you.

ā§Š।āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He came to me.

ā§Ē।āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The food is to me test.

ā§Ģ।āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Japan is to the east of our country.

ā§Ŧ।āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They fought to the last.

ā§­।āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ / āĻšাāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ There are 2.54 c.m. to an inch.


#At āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°


ā§§।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ āĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ, āĻāĻ˛াāĻ•া, āĻŽāĻšāĻ˛্āĻ˛া āĻ“ āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻļāĻšāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ


at Malibagh, at Chashara

ā§¨। āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I go to bed at 10 o’ clock.

ā§Š।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The country is at war now.

ā§Ē।āĻšাāĻ° / āĻ—āĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Iffat was driving the car at 100 kilometers per hour.

ā§Ģ।āĻĻাā§ŸিāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ You must repair it at your own cost.

ā§Ŧ।āĻĻূāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Dhaka is at 50 kilometers from here.

ā§­।āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He lost his father at 10.

ā§Ž।āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He pointed the gun at him.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° to āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

arrive, astonished, annoyed, envy, fire, knock, shame, smile, laugh, surprised, louch, wonder, alarm, jeer.


#In āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻˇā§Ÿ āĻŦা āĻ­াāĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ in English, in Accounting, in Arabic.

ā§¨।āĻŦā§œ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ We live in Bangladesh.

ā§Š।āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে ( āĻŽাāĻ¸ / āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° / āĻ‹āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ ) āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ We won independence in December in 1971.

ā§Ē।āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I am unable to help you in this regard.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He is in a good health.

ā§Ŧ।āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ You have to do it in your own interest.

ā§­।āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He has been in politics.

ā§Ž।āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ You have to pay the bill in cash.

ā§¯।āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻĒাāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে in āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ In England, one in three enters higher education.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° in āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

expert, excel, indulge, succeed, believe, assist, interested, consist (āĻ¨িāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে), lie, encourage, grory, persist, rich, trade.


#For āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻ§āĻ°ে / āĻ¯াāĻŦā§Ž / āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒিā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ It has been raining for two hours.

ā§¨।āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ What can I do for you?

ā§Š।āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Would you please do it for me?

ā§Ē।āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Rajshahi is famous for its mangoes.

ā§Ģ।āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Are you for the proposal?

ā§Ŧ।āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃI bought this pen for 20 taka.

ā§­।āĻŦিāĻ¨িāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে for āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ You will get a coupon for every 100 taka you pay.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° for āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

compensate, ask, affection, appetite, bound, care, desire, long, fit, search, seek, thirst, zeal, zest.


#From āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§। āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ¨িāĻ•āĻŸ āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻ “āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে” āĻ•āĻĨাāĻŸিāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে from āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ 

āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ•āĻŸ āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে = from me.

āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻĨেāĻ•ে = From Dhaka.

i. The man come from abroad. ii. Don’t get down from a running bus.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° from āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

refrain, resist, obstrain, prohibited, protect, prevent, preserve, aloof, deferent, suffer.


#Of āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I know nothing of it.

ā§¨।āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° / āĻŽাāĻ˛িāĻ•াāĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ It is the house of Mr. Khan.

ā§Š।āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ / āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­ুāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He comes of a respectable family.

ā§Ē।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The house is made of stone.

ā§Ģ।āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The young boy of cholera.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° of āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

fond, sure, conscious, aware, inform, proud, boast, capable, deprieve, devoid, accused, charged, advantage, dull, afraid, approve, bereft, cause, consist(āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে), cure, in the habit, in favour, envious, fear, full, ignorant, get rid, jealous, shortage.


#On āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¨āĻĻীāĻ° āĻ¤ীāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Dhaka is on the Buriganga.

ā§¨।āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ¸ংāĻ˛āĻ—্āĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The book is on the table.

ā§Š।Floor āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The office is on the 4th floor.

ā§Ē।āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The Buriganga is on the south of Dhaka.

ā§Ģ।āĻŦাāĻ° / āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ–েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻĻিāĻŦāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He will come back on Sunday on the 5th May.

ā§Ŧ।āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He wrote an essay on the cow.

ā§­।āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¤া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ We live on rice.

ā§Ž।āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He has taken leave on medical advice.

ā§¯।āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে on āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The river looks beautiful on a moonlit night.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° on āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

congratulate, comment, pride, rely, bestowed, insist, determined, depend, impose, reflect, take pity.


#By āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ āĻŦা āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ By hard labour.

ā§¨।āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He sat by me.

ā§Š। āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Nipu achieved success by determination.

ā§Ē।āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I shall travel by road.

ā§Ģ।āĻļāĻĒāĻĨ āĻ¨েā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I swear by almighty Allah.

ā§Ŧ।Passive Form-āĻ by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The work was done by me.

ā§­āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The room is 12 feet by 10 feet.

ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ(āĻ¸ুāĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ) āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He will come back by 5 pm.

ā§¯।āĻšাāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They are improving day by day.

ā§§ā§Ļ।āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻœাāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He is an American by birth.

ā§§ā§§।āĻ¯াāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ¨ে āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ We went to Khulna by bus.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° by āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

accompanied, affected, judge.


#With āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে with āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He came with me.

ā§¨।āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া / āĻĻিā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে with āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I killed the snake with a stick,

ā§Š।āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ¨ with āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The shadow lengthened with the approach of the sun.


āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° with āĻŦāĻ¸ে।


burden, cope, keep, up, keep pace, acquitted, angry, annoy, beset, blessed, covered, compare(āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻšāĻ˛ে with āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻšāĻ˛ে to), content, familiar, invest, popular, reward.


#Into āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ—āĻ¤িāĻļীāĻ˛āĻ¤া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে into āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The teacher entered into the class room.

ā§¨।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে into āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Water is changed into snow.

ā§Š।āĻ¸ংāĻ˜āĻ°্āĻˇ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে into āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The truck crashed into a parked car.

ā§Ē।āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে into āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They were divided into three groups.

ā§Ģ।āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে into āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Speak clearly into the microphone.


#Above āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে above āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The water came above our knees.

ā§¨।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে above āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The sun is above our head now.

ā§Š।āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে above āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Present temperature is above average.

ā§Ē।āĻāĻ¤āĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§Ž / āĻ­াāĻ˛ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে above āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Hemani is above suspicion.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ°া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে above āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I couldn’t hear him above the noise of the traffic.


#About āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে / āĻŦিāĻˇā§Ÿে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে about āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I knew something about it.

ā§¨।āĻšাāĻ°āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে about āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The runners were running about the circle.

ā§Š।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে about āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He came here about the marriage ceremony.

ā§Ē।āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§Ÿ / āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে about āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He has lost about 1 lac taka.


#After āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He came after me.

ā§¨।āĻ…āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I’ve told him time after not to do that.

ā§Š।āĻĒিāĻ›āĻ¨ে āĻĒিāĻ›āĻ¨ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They run after the thief.

ā§Ē।āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He returned home after a month.

ā§Ģ।āĻ িāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ী āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Issa is the tallest after Mimi.

ā§Ŧ।āĻŽোāĻŸেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ After all, he is a good boy.

ā§­।āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে after āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The house is pleasantly cool after the extreme heat outside.


#Before āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে before āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He came before lunch.

ā§¨।āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽুāĻ–ে / āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে before āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He stood before me.

ā§Š।āĻ¤ূāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ†āĻ—ে / āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে before āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He puts his work before everything.


#Among āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে( āĻšাāĻ°āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦেāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ¤ ) āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে among āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ There is a house among the trees.

ā§¨।āĻĻু’ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে among āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ Divided the mangoes among the three boys.


#Within āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে within āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He will come back within a month.

ā§¨।āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে within āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ We should live within our means.


#Over āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ There is a bridge over the river.

ā§¨।āĻĒাāĻ°াāĻĒাāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They run over the glass.

ā§Š। āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ° / āĻ¸াāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They have traveled over the world.

ā§Ē।āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ They live over the road.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He was in America for over a month.

ā§Ŧ।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĨ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He has a director over him.

ā§­।āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে over āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He talked over telephone.


#Under āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¨িāĻšে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে under āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The ball is under the table.

ā§¨।āĻ›োāĻŸ / āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻ¨ / āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে under āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. He is under 20. ii. He earns under 5000.

ā§Š।āĻ…āĻ§ীāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে under āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The building is under construction.

ā§Ē।āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে under āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He is under sentence to death.


#Between āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĻুāĻ‡ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে between āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. He stood between his two brothers. ii.Divide the mango between two sisters.


#Without āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ›াā§œা āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে without āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. He found the place without difficulty. ii.We can’t live without water.


#Beyond āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĒিāĻ›āĻ¨ে / āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻĻিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে beyond āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The road continues beyond the villages up into the hills.

ā§¨।āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে beyond āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ It won’t go on beyond midnight.

ā§Š।āĻ¸াāĻ§্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে beyond āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The car was beyond repair.


#Since āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।‘āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে’ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে poinr of time āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে since āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ since 1971, since Sunday, since June.


#Beside āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে by āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ beside āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ beside me, beside the man, beside you.

Through āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ° / āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে Through āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ through the forest, through struggle.


#Across āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ†ā§œাāĻ†ā§œি āĻ­াāĻŦে / āĻ…āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻļ্āĻŦে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে across āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. Go across the street, ii. My house is just across the road.


#Off āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻĻূāĻ°ে / āĻŦিāĻš্āĻ›িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে off āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. Be off from here, ii. Swithch the fan off.


#Below āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨ে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¨িāĻ¤, āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻŽ,āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻšে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে across āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. My particulars are given below. ii. Rahim has got below 80% marks. iii. He lives below middle class status.


#Down āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে down āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The boy has fallen down from the roof


#Up āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§। āĻ¨িāĻš āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে up āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ i. Go up the hill. ii. Climb up the tree.


#Besides āĻāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

ā§§।āĻāĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ‡āĻ¤ে besides āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ I have another pen besides this.

______________________

āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ–āĻŦ āĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻে āĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻে āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে preposition āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। 

āĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻে āĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻে PREPOSITION āĻļিāĻ–ুāĻ¨


āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ°, āĻļāĻšāĻ°, āĻĻেāĻļ,

āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻŦāĻ¸িā§Ÿে āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻŦেāĻļ।

āĻ¸āĻĒ্āĻ¤াāĻš, āĻŽাāĻ¸, āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°, āĻ‹āĻ¤ু, āĻĻāĻļāĻ•, āĻ¯ুāĻ—,

āĻļāĻ¤াāĻŦ্āĻĻী,

āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে in āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻĻি।

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻ¤, āĻĻুāĻĒুāĻ°, āĻ—োāĻ§ূāĻ˛ি, āĻ°াāĻ¤,

āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে at āĻŦāĻ¸িā§Ÿে āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻŦাāĻœিāĻŽাāĻ¤।

āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে at āĻŦāĻ¸ে, āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে on,

āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ­াāĻ—ে in āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ˛ে,

āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¤āĻŦে Wrong।

Festival-āĻ at, āĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ°েāĻ“ at, with āĻšā§Ÿ

āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ে,

āĻāĻ‡āĻ­াāĻŦে preposition āĻļিāĻ–āĻŦে āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¨্āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ°

āĻĢুāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে।

Person-āĻ by, āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤েāĻ“

by, (āĻ¯াāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে) āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু in a car,

āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤াā§Ÿ at āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ˛ে

āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ›াāĻ°āĻ–াāĻ°।

āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻšāĻ˛ে at, āĻŦā§œ āĻšāĻ˛ে in, āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ?

āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻāĻ˛ে āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻ­ā§Ÿ।

āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ°ে into āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ো,

āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ°ে āĻšā§Ÿ out of,

Preposition āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻāĻ˛ে āĻŽুāĻĄ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে off।

āĻ˛েāĻ—ে (āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে) āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে on āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¨āĻ‡āĻ˛ে

āĻšā§Ÿ above,

Since, for āĻŦুāĻ āĻ¨া, āĻ•েāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻ“ āĻ­াāĻŦ?

āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে since āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¨āĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻšā§Ÿ

for,

āĻ—āĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে (āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻিā§Ÿে) over, āĻ¨িāĻšে

āĻšā§Ÿ under,

Preposition āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŽāĻœাāĻ°। āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ°া

(āĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻ°) āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ below,

Preposition āĻļিāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻ°ে, āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻ›ি

āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ­াāĻ˛ো।

On- āĻ āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻ—āĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿ onto,

āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে with āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে to.

āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ

through (āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে)।

āĻ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ“āĻĒাāĻļে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ across,

(āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে)।

Preposition āĻļিāĻ–āĻ˛ে āĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো

Loss āĻāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে of āĻšā§Ÿ Boss.


Conjunction āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে ? Conjunction āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Conjunction ( āĻ¸ংāĻ¯োāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ ) : āĻ¯ে Word āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ংāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে Conjunction āĻŦāĻ˛ে । āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ :

Mr Jamal is poor but honest.

Rasel and Radi are two brothers.

Asma and Alima are two sisters.

I shall wait here until you come back.

Do or die.

Rana or Rony is guilty.


[Note :āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে but. and, until āĻāĻŦং or āĻšāĻ˛ Conjunction. āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে ।]


Conjunction āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻ : Conjunction āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° ।

Coordinating Conjunction.

Subordinating Conjunction.

Correlative Conjunction.


Coordinate Conjunction:


Coordinate conjunctions such as and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet were used to include individual words, phrases and independent clauses.


Example:

- She stood first and got a prize.

- He is sad but hopeful

- The snake is small but dangerous

- You must read or you fail in the exam


Subordinate Conjunction:


The subordinate clause such as since, because, though, as, till etc. were used to join an independent clause to a dependent clause.


The subordinate conjunctions were used before the dependent clauses. dependent clause can be placed before or after the independent clauses.

Example:

- He never gives up till he wins.

- Since she had the headache, she did

- Though he loved her cousin, he married another one.

- While calling several times, she never received a replay.


correlative conjunctions:


Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions such as both ... and, either ... ..or, neither ...... nor etc. used in the sentences to link words, phrases and clauses


correlative conjunctions connect with two words or phrases or clauses that are the same structure and are grammatically similar. That means nouns are linked to nouns, adjectives to adjectives, prepositional phrases to prepositional phrases.


Correlatives conjunctions are:

both ... .and, either ... .or, neither ... .nor, not only ... .but also, so ... .that, such ... .that, no sooner ... .than, hardly ... .When, scarcely ... .When, else ... than, else ... .but.


Example:


- He is both a fool and a knave (noun noun)

- She is both wise and good (adjective to adjective)

- He should either work or go (verb to verb)

- He behaved neither wisely nor kindly (adverb to adverb)

- He is so tired that he can not run

- Such was her beauty

- No sooner had I left

- Hardly had I left the room

- Scarcely had

- She has none else than her mother

- She has none else but her mother ..


Interjection (āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ— āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ): 


āĻ¯ে word āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ— āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¤াāĻ•ে interjection āĻŦāĻ˛ে। Interjection āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽী Part of speech। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ part of speech -āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ word āĻŦা āĻ…ংāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে Interjection -āĻāĻ°  āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻˇ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒৃāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻ¤া āĻ¨েāĻ‡ ।


Alas!  He is dead.

Interjection āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦা Emotion āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে sudden change of mind। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž interjection āĻŽāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¨্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻ–েঃāĻ°, āĻ¯ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।


Hurrah ! Today is holiday. (āĻ•ী āĻŽāĻœা- Interjection)

Alas ! He is dead. (āĻšাā§Ÿ- Interjection)

Oh ! What a nice view. (āĻ†āĻšা- Interjection)

Bravo ! You have done well.

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