Sunday, February 6, 2022

Parts of speech

 Parts Of Speech āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে.?  āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি.?


Parts Of Speech (āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϰāĻŖ) : 


Sentence āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟি word āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ•েāχ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟি Parts Of Speech āĻŦāϞে।


āϝāĻĨা : I went to college regularly. āĻāĻ–াāύে  I / went / to / college/ regularly āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟি word āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟি Parts Of Speech.


Parts Of Speech 

-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ : Parts Of Speech āφāϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ।

They are as follows:

1. Noun (āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ)

2. Pronoun (āϏāϰ্āĻŦāύাāĻŽ)

3. Adjective (āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ)

4. Verb (āĻ•্āϰি⧟া)

5. Adverb (āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ)

6. Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻাāύ্āĻŦ⧟ী āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟)

7. Conjunction (āϏংāϝোāϜāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟)

8. Interjection (āφāĻŦেāĻ—āϏূāϚāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟)

🌹Noun āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে ? Noun āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?

💔💜 Noun ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ ) : āϝে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Noun āĻŦāϞে ।

 Naming words are called nouns 


āϝāĻĨা : Rahi, Man, Ball, Pen, Dog, Hen, Bag, Dhaka, Tommy āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।

 

Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ : Noun āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ ।

āϝāĻĨা:

Proper Noun ( āύাāĻŽāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ )

Common Noun ( āϜাāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ )

Collective Noun ( āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ )

Material Noun ( āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ )

Abstract Noun (āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ)

 

Proper Noun ( āύাāĻŽāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ ) : āϝে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āύিāĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤুু āĻŦা āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Proper Noun āĻŦāϞে । Special names are called Proper Nouns. 

āϝেāĻŽāύ : Abir, Akhi, Sirajganj, Meghna āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।

 

Common Noun ( āϜাāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ ) : āϝে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻāĻ•āχ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤুু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāĻ•ে āύা āĻŦুāĻি⧟ে āϏে āϜাāϤী⧟ āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Common Noun āĻŦāϞে ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ : Student, Book, Dog, Flower, Boy, Girl āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।


Collective Noun ( āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ ) : āϝে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤুু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Collective NounāĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : Committee, Class, Herd, Army, Club, Family āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।

 

Material Noun ( āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ ) : āϝে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āĻ•িāύ্āϤুু āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟āύা āϤাāĻ•ে Material Noun āĻŦāϞে ।

āϝেāĻŽāύ : Oil, Water, Milk, Honey āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।

 

Abstract Noun (āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝ) : āϝে Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻ—ুāĻŖ, āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦা āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Abstract Noun āĻŦāϞে । Names of quality are called Abstract nouns

āϝেāĻŽāύ : Courage, Freedom, Goodness, Kindness, Happiness, Beauty āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।


B. PRONOUN (āϏāϰ্āĻŦāύাāĻŽ):- Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ•ে Pronoun āĻŦāϞে । Words that are used instead of nouns are called pronoun.  E

xamples(āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ): He (āϏে,)You (āϤুāĻŽি), They(āϤাāϰা),We (āφāĻŽāϰা), Our (āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ)Us

(āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ),Mine(āφāĻŽাāϰ),Ours (āφāĻŽাāĻĻিāĻ—েāϰ),

Your (āϤোāĻŽাāϰ), Yours(āϤোāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ), His (āϤাāϰ,(āĻ›েāϞে āĻšāϞে)), Her (āϤাāϰ, āĻŽে⧟ে āĻšāϞে)), Hers (āϤাāĻĻেāϰ, āĻŽে⧟ে āĻšāϞে)), It (āĻāϟা),Its (āĻāϰ), Them (āϤাāĻĻেāϰ, āĻ›েāϞে āĻšāϞে), Their (āϤাāĻĻেāϰ), Theirs( āϤাāĻšাāĻĻেāϰāχ), This (āĻāχ), That (āϝে,āϐ), These (āĻāĻ—ুāϞো), Who (āĻ•ে), What (āĻ•ি), Which (āĻ•োāύāϟি) āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।

 

Adjective āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে ? Adjective āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Adjective ( āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ ) : āϝে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĻোāώ, āĻ—ুāĻŖ, āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻ“ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Adjective āĻŦāϞে । Describing words are called adjectives. āϝেāĻŽāύ : 1. She is a beautiful girl. 2. My Shirt is white. 3. You have many friends. 4. He is happy.


Adjective āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ : Adjective āϚাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ । āϝāĻĨা :

Adjective of quality ( āĻ—ুāύāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )

Adjective of quantity ( āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )

Adjective of number ( āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )

Pronominal Adjective ( āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ )


1.Adjective of quality ( āĻ—ুāύāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ ) : āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ Adjective āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻĻোāώ, āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Adjective of quality āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : beautiful, bad, good, ill āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।


2.Adjective of quantity ( āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ ) : āϝে Adjective āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āĻĒāϰিাāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Adjective of quantity āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : some, little, few, many, much, enough āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।


3.Adjective of number ( āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ ) : āϝে Adjective āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুুāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Adjective of number āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : Two, Three, Ten, nine āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।


4.Pronominal Adjective ( āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ ) : āϝে Adjective āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āϐ Noun āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Pronominal Adjective āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : 1. This is my pen. 2. That is her book. 3. This is your pencil. āĻāĻ–াāύে my, her āĻ“ your āϝāĻĨাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে Noun pen, book āĻ“ pencil āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ› , āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞ Pronominal Adjective.


Verb āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? Verb āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?


Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āϝে āϏāĻŦ Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Verb āĻŦāϞে। Doing words are called verbs. 


Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ : Verb āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। 

āϝāĻĨা :

1. Finite Verb (āϏāĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) : āϝে āϏāĻŦ Verb āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻŦāĻ•্āϤাāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻļেāώ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Finite Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

We go to school.

Kabir plays football.


Finite Verb āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ :


- Sentence āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ়।āĻŦāĻ•্āϤাāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ—āϰāϰূāĻĒে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে।


- Subject āĻāϰ Person, Number, Tense āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়।


Finite āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ :


Finite Verb āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϝāĻĨা :


a. Principal Verb (āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) : āϝে Verb āύিāϜেāχ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āύ্āϝ Verb āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়াāχ āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Principal Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Example :


We recite holy Quran everyday.

They play in the field.


Principal Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ :


Principal Verb āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϝāĻĨা :


I. Transitive Verb (āϏāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) :

āϝে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ Verb āĻāϰ Object āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Transitive Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

The baby is drinking milk.

I have bought a book.


Transitive Verb āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ :

- Subject āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে


- āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Object āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


- Tense āĻ“ Subject āĻāϰ Person, Number āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϰূāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϘāϟে।


II. Intransitive Verb (āĻ…āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) : āϝে Verb āĻāϰ Object āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Intransitive Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

The girl went to school.

Birds fly in the sky.


Intransitive Verb āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ :


- āĻāϰা āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻŦāϏে।


- āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻ•োāύো Object āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা।


- Tense āĻ­েāĻĻে Subject āĻāϰ Person āĻ“ Number āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϰূāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϘāϟে।


b. Auxiliary Verb (āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝāĻ•াāϰী āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) : Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āϝে āϏāĻŦ Verbs Principal Verbs āĻāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Principal Verbs āĻ•ে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰে, āϏে āϏāĻ•āϞ Verb āĻ•ে Auxiliary Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Auxiliary Verb āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ :


- Auxiliary Verbs Sentence āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āύিāϜে āĻ•োāύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āύা।


- Auxiliary Verbs Sentence āĻāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে Principal Verb āĻ•ে āϏāĻšāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰে।


- Auxiliary Verbs Tense, Voice āĻ“ Mood āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ Principal Verb āĻ•ে āϏāĻšāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰে।


Auxiliary Verb āĻāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻ•া :


am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, do, does, did, used (to), ought (to), need, dare (to)


Auxiliary Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ :


Auxiliary Verb āϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে āĻĻুāχ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়। āϝāĻĨা :


I. Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries :

āϝে Verb āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Helping āĻŦা Auxiliary āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•āĻ–āύো Ordinary Verb āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries āĻŦāϞে।


Primary Auxiliaries/Tense Auxiliaries āĻ—ুāϞো āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒ :


Verb to be : am, is, are, was, were


Verb to have : have, has, had


Verb to do : do, does, did


II. Modal Auxiliaries : āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে Mood āĻŦা āϧāϰāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে Auxiliaries āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Modal Auxiliaries āĻŦāϞে।


Modal Auxiliaries āĻ—ুāϞো āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒ :


shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, used (to), ought (to), dare (to), need


2. Non-finite Verb (āĻ…āϏāĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া) : āϝে Verb āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ•োāύ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āύা āĻāĻŦং Subject āĻāϰ Number āĻ“ Person āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝে Verb āĻāϰ āĻ•োāύ āϰূāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšāϝ় āύা āϤাāĻ•ে Non-finite Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Non-finite Verb āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ :


Non-finite Verb āϤিāύ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤ। 


āϝāĻĨা :

a. Gerund : Gerund āĻšāϞ verb+ing āϝাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে Noun āĻ“ Verb āĻāϰ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āĻāĻ•ে Double Parts of Speech āĻ“ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়।


Example :

Swimming is a good exercise.

Sleeping is necessary to life.

She is fond of reading poems.


b. Participle : Verb āϝে āϰূāĻĒ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Participle āĻŦāϞে।


Participle āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ :


Participle āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। 


āϝāĻĨা :

I. Present Participle : Verb āĻāϰ ing form āϝāĻ–āύ Verb āĻ“ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Present Participle āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

The book is interesting.


II. Past Participle :āϝে Participle āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ…āϤীāϤে āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻŦোāĻাāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে Past Participle āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

I got a decorated room.

Give me a written document.


III. Perfect Participle : āϝāĻĻি Verb āĻāϰ Past Participle āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে having āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে Adjective āĻ“ Verb āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•āĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Perfect Participle āĻŦāϞে।


Example :

The sun having risen, the fog disappeared.


c. Infinitive : Verb āĻāϰ Present form āĻāϰ āĻ…াāĻ—ে to āĻŦāϏিāϝ়ে Infinitive āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

Example :

To tell a lie is a great sin.

I come to see.......।


Adverb āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে ??? 


#Adverb: āϝে Word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা verb, Adjective, Preposition, Conjunction āĻŦা āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ Adverb āĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώিāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Adverb āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ- Daily, Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow, Now, Then (āϤāĻ–āύ), Late, Soon, slowly, Well, Here, Already, Always, Never, Ever, Sometimes, Quite, After, Before, Ago etc.

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āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে/āĻ•āĻ–āύ/āĻ•োāĻĨা⧟ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা verb āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϝে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝাāχ āϤাāχ adverb. 

[N.B: Adjective āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ly āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϞে Adverb āĻšā§Ÿ। āφāĻŦাāϰ Noun āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ly āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϞে Adjective āĻšā§Ÿ।]

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Sentence āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻŦা āĻļেāώে adverb āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟।

āϏে āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•ুāϰāφāύ āϤেāϞāĻ“ā§ŸাāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

He recites the holy Quran perfectly.

āϏāϰ্āϤāĻ•āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞ।

Carefully speak.

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āĻ•িāĻ›ু adverb (always, never, sometimes) sentence āĻ p.v āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦāϏে।āϏে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞে।


He always speaks the truth.

āϏে āĻ•ি āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ/āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞে?


Does he always speak truth?

āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āĻŦāϞ āύা।


You never tell a lie.

āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āĻŦāϞ āύা? 


Do you never tell a lie?


āĻŽাāĻে āĻŽাāĻে/āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“-āϏāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϏে āĻŦা⧜িāϤে āϝা⧟।

He sometimes goes at home.

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āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে adverb āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϜোāϰ āĻĻিāϞে

Adverb + a.v + sub + p.v + āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļ।

āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿāχ āϏে āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞে। (āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ + āχ āϜোāϰ āĻĻিāϚ্āĻ›ে)

Always does he speak truth.

āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝ āĻŦāϞāχāύা। (āĻŦāϞ + āχ + āύা āϜোāϰ āĻĻিāϚ্āĻ›ে)

Never do you tell a lie.

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āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻ–ে⧟াāϞ āĻ•āϰুāύ

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āφāĻŽি āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞি।

I speak the truth

āφāĻŽি āĻ“ āϤাāχ (āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞি)। (āφāĻŽি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻাāχ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞি)

Always/So do I.

āφāĻŽāϰা āϝা⧟ āύা।

We do not go.

āϤাāϰāĻ“ āϤাāχ (āϝা⧟ āύা) 

Neither/Nor do they.

āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āϝা⧟ āύা।

We never go.

āϤাāϰাāĻ“ 

Never do they.

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āĻ­াāϞ adjective āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে quite āĻŦāϏে।Quite (āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒে) adverb āϟি a.v āĻ“ p.v āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে।

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āφāĻŽি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻŖāϰুāĻĒে āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ।

I am quite well.

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āĻ…āĻļুāĻ­ āĻŦা āĻ–াāϰাāĻĒ adjective āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে very āĻŦāϏে।

āϏে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ–াāϰāĻĒ।/āϏে āĻĒুāϰাāĻĒুāϰি āĻ–āϰাāĻĒ।

He is very bad.

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Too much/much too āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে noun āĻŦা particple āĻŦāϏে। 

āϏে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•্āϞাāύ্āϤ।

He is too much tired.

āφāϜ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦেāĻļি/āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ াāύ্āĻĄা।

Today It is much too cold. 

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Positive degree āĻāϰ adjective āφāĻ—ে very āĻŦāϏে much āĻŦāϏে āύা ।

āϏে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏুāύ্āĻĻুāϰ।

He is very beautiful. (much beautiful āĻšāĻŦে āύা ।)


 preposition āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻŦং preposition āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•ী āĻ“ preposition āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Preposition :- ( āĻŦাংāϞা āĻāĻŦং English ) āϝāĻĻি Word, āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āωāĻ•্āϤ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝ Word-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Preposition āĻŦāϞে। 

āϝেāĻŽāύ – at, in, on, to, over, by, for, of, from, above, across, with, under, near, beneath, without, after, among, between, etc.


āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ্āĻĨে āύিāĻŽ্āύে preposition -āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻ•োāύ preposition āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤা āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšāϞ।


Kinds of prepositions:


1. Simple preposition: āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ word āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ—āĻ িāϤ preposition āĻšāϞ simple preposition । āϝেāĻŽāύ :


(a) At, by, on, with āĻāχ preposition āĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞ āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦা verbs indication rest in place-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ : Rana is standing at the door now.


(b) To, from, for, of, through āĻ“ up āĻāχ preposition āĻ—ুāϞো āĻ—āϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦা verbs showing motion āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: Raju comes from his village.


2. Double preposition : āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĻুāϟি Simple preposition āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻāĻ•āĻ• preposition – āĻāϰ āύ্āϝা⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤা āĻšāϞ double preposition. āϝেāĻŽāύ: in+to=into, with+in=within, on+to=onto, with+out=without, up+on=upon, out+of=out of āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।


3. Compound Preposition: Noun āĻŦা Adjective āĻŦা Adverb -āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে simple preposition āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝে preposition āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤা āĻšāϞ Compound preposition āĻŦāϞে।


4. Participle Preposition: Present participle āĻŦা past participle āϝāĻĻি preposition-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤা participle preposition. āϝেāĻŽāύ- Concerning, considering, judging, regarding, repecting āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি participle preposition āϰৃāĻĒে āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। Considering the circumstances you are right.


5. Phrase Preposition: āĻĻুāχ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• word -āĻāϰ āĻŽিāϞāύে āĻ—āĻ িāϤ phrase āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻ•āϟিāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ preposition -āĻāϰ āύ্āϝা⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻŦে āϤা prepositional phrase āĻŦা phrasal preposition āϝেāĻŽāύ: On account of, on the point of, in front of, in spite of, by means of, by dint of, for the sake of, in order to.


6. Disguised Preposition: āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āύāĻ“ on, in āĻ“ of -āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে a āĻāĻŦং o āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং word -āĻāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻŦāϏে। āĻāϰূāĻĒ preposition āĻšāϞ Disguised preposition āĻŦা āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāĻŦেāĻļী āϝেāĻŽāύ: a hunting, ashore, ahead = a = on āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻāĻ–াāύে on āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে a āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।


(a) Now, it is four o’clock. (o = of)

(b) Rana goes there once a week. (in a week)


7. Detached Preposition: Interrogative Preposition, Relative Pronoun āĻāĻŦং Interrogative adverbs āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•āϝুāĻ•্āϤ prepositions āĻāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āύা āĻŦāϏে sentence āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻŦāϏে। āϤāĻ–āύ āĻ āϧāϰāĻŖেāϰ prepositions āĻ•ে Detached Preposition āĻŦāϞে। 


āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) What are you looking for?

(b) Where did you come from?


āĻāϤāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύāϞাāĻŽ Definition of preposition, kind of preposition and its classified definitions and simple examples.

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āĻāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύāĻŦো āĻ•āϤিāĻĒ⧟ Preposition āĻ“ āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ: 

1. At, in: āĻŦ⧜ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻāĻŦং āĻ›োāϟ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦা āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: 

(a) My friends lives at Nurpur in Rangpur.

(b) Usually I get up from bed at 6 a.m. in the morning.

āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖী⧟: āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ the āĻŦāϏে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু at āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞে the āĻŦāϏে āύা।


2. In: āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟, āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύে, āϏ্āĻĨাāύে, āĻ­াāĻŦে, āĻŽāϧ্āϝে, āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻāϰূāĻĒ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) The students are in the room.

(b) Sajal succeeded in life in difficulties.

(c) Uzzal is in the midst way to school.

(e) Ovi serves in the army.


3. In, into –In āĻĻি⧟ে āφāĻ—ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻāĻŦং into āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­েāϤāϰেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ—āϤি āĻŦা āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻŦোāĻা⧟। āϝেāĻŽāύ: (a) The chair is in the room. 

(b) He is putting the pen into his pocket.


4. In, on, to –āϏীāĻŽাāύ্āϤেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰে āĻšāϞে in āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āĻšāϞে on āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻšিāϰে āĻšāϞে to āĻŦāϏে। 

āϝেāĻŽāύ: (a) Comilla is in the east of Bangladesh.

(b) Tripura is on the east of Bangladesh.


5. In, after : āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে (period of time) past tense-āĻ after āĻāĻŦং āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ (pint of time) in āĻŦোāĻাāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 

āϝেāĻŽāύ: (a) My friend will come from London in a week.

(b) He returned after two months.


6. On: āĻ“āĻĒāϰে, āĻ­াāĻŦে, āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟, āĻ•াāϜে, āϤে, āϤীāϰে, āϏ্āĻĨাāύে, āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āĻ–ে⧟ে āĻŦাঁāϚা āĻŦোāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) The ball is on the table.

(b) The car is on hire.

(c) The cow live on grass.

(d) Dhaka stands on the Buriganga.

(e) This bike is on trail.


7. On, over : āϞাāĻ—াāϞাāĻ—ি āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟ āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϞে over āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āϟু āĻĢাঁāĻ•া āϰেāĻ–ে āĻ“āĻĒāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϞে on āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) The book is on the table.

(b) The fan is over the head.


8. Since, from, for: āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে since āĻŦা from āĻāĻŦং āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে for āĻŦāϏে। Since āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻļুāϧু āĻ…āϤীāϤেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং from āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŦ tense āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦোāĻা⧟। Since-āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা perfect āĻŦা perfect continuous tense āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) It has been raining since morning.

(b) He has been ill for a month.

(c) It has been raining for two hours.


9. In, by, before: āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻāĻŦং āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে by āĻŦা before āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) I shall have finished reading the story book by or before 9 p.m.

(b) Habib will come in a month.


10. By, with: āϝে āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—ে By āĻāĻŦং āϝাāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—ে with āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:

(a) This poem was written by Kamal with a parker pen.

(b) The snake was killed by me with a stick.


________________________________________

āĻāĻŦাāϰ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻĻেāĻ–ি single single preposition āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ:


#To āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āφāϏা āĻāĻŦং āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāϞে āϐ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. He goes to school everyday. ii. He came to Bangladesh in 1971.

āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ to āĻŦāϏে।


incline, harmful, beneficial, injurious, according, accustomed, add, admit, adjacent, affectionate, attend, bar, cling, belong, close, commit, common, known, confined, congenial, contrary, dedicate, devote, expose, exceptional, yeld, grateful, hostile, indebted, introduced, irrelevant, liable, loyal,object, prefer, preferable, senior,junior, superior,talk, inferior, prone, refer, reply, speak, lead, eager,willing. 

āĻŦিঃāĻĻ্āϰঃ āφāϏা āĻāĻŦং āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāϞেāĻ“ home, abroad, here, there āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে to āĻŦāϏে āύা।


āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽঃ From here to there.

⧍।āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে V+āϤে / āϰ = to+V1. āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. He told me to read a book. ii.I have nothing to give you.

ā§Š।āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŦুāĻাāϞে āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—ে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He came to me.

ā§Ē।āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The food is to me test.

ā§Ģ।āϏীāĻŽাāύাāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Japan is to the east of our country.

ā§Ŧ।āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They fought to the last.

ā§­।āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ / āĻšাāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে to āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ There are 2.54 c.m. to an inch.


#At āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ


ā§§।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে āύাāĻŽ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–িāϤ āĻ›োāϟ āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϝেāĻŽāύঃ āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ, āĻāϞাāĻ•া, āĻŽāĻšāϞ্āϞা āĻ“ āĻ›োāϟ āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āφāĻ—ে at āĻŦāϏে।āϝেāĻŽāύঃ


at Malibagh, at Chashara

⧍। āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I go to bed at 10 o’ clock.

ā§Š।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The country is at war now.

ā§Ē।āĻšাāϰ / āĻ—āϤি āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Iffat was driving the car at 100 kilometers per hour.

ā§Ģ।āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ You must repair it at your own cost.

ā§Ŧ।āĻĻূāϰāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Dhaka is at 50 kilometers from here.

ā§­।āĻŦ⧟āϏ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He lost his father at 10.

ā§Ž।āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে at āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He pointed the gun at him.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ to āĻŦāϏে।

arrive, astonished, annoyed, envy, fire, knock, shame, smile, laugh, surprised, louch, wonder, alarm, jeer.


#In āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻŦা āĻ­াāώা⧟ āĻŦুāĻাāϞে āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ in English, in Accounting, in Arabic.

⧍।āĻŦ⧜ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ We live in Bangladesh.

ā§Š।āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে ( āĻŽাāϏ / āĻŦāĻ›āϰ / āĻ‹āϤুāϰ āύাāĻŽ ) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ We won independence in December in 1971.

ā§Ē।āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I am unable to help you in this regard.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He is in a good health.

ā§Ŧ।āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ You have to do it in your own interest.

ā§­।āĻĒেāĻļাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He has been in politics.

ā§Ž।āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ You have to pay the bill in cash.

⧝।āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে in āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ In England, one in three enters higher education.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ in āĻŦāϏে।

expert, excel, indulge, succeed, believe, assist, interested, consist (āύিāĻšিāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে), lie, encourage, grory, persist, rich, trade.


#For āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϧāϰে / āϝাāĻŦā§Ž / āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒি⧟া āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ It has been raining for two hours.

⧍।āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ What can I do for you?

ā§Š।āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Would you please do it for me?

ā§Ē।āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Rajshahi is famous for its mangoes.

ā§Ģ।āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Are you for the proposal?

ā§Ŧ।āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃI bought this pen for 20 taka.

ā§­।āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে for āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ You will get a coupon for every 100 taka you pay.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ for āĻŦāϏে।

compensate, ask, affection, appetite, bound, care, desire, long, fit, search, seek, thirst, zeal, zest.


#From āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§। āĻ•াāϰো āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻšāχāϤে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•োāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšāχāϤে āĻŦুāĻাāχāϞে āϐ “āĻšāχāϤে” āĻ•āĻĨাāϟিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে from āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ 

āφāĻŽাāϰ āύিāĻ•āϟ āĻšāχāϤে = from me.

āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻĨেāĻ•ে = From Dhaka.

i. The man come from abroad. ii. Don’t get down from a running bus.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ from āĻŦāϏে।

refrain, resist, obstrain, prohibited, protect, prevent, preserve, aloof, deferent, suffer.


#Of āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I know nothing of it.

⧍।āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ / āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ It is the house of Mr. Khan.

ā§Š।āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ / āωāĻĻ্āĻ­ুāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He comes of a respectable family.

ā§Ē।āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The house is made of stone.

ā§Ģ।āĻ•াāϰāύ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The young boy of cholera.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ of āĻŦāϏে।

fond, sure, conscious, aware, inform, proud, boast, capable, deprieve, devoid, accused, charged, advantage, dull, afraid, approve, bereft, cause, consist(āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে), cure, in the habit, in favour, envious, fear, full, ignorant, get rid, jealous, shortage.


#On āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āύāĻĻীāϰ āϤীāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Dhaka is on the Buriganga.

⧍।āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The book is on the table.

ā§Š।Floor āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The office is on the 4th floor.

ā§Ē।āϏীāĻŽাāύাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The Buriganga is on the south of Dhaka.

ā§Ģ।āĻŦাāϰ / āϤাāϰিāĻ–েāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻĻিāĻŦāϏেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He will come back on Sunday on the 5th May.

ā§Ŧ।āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He wrote an essay on the cow.

ā§­।āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϤা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ We live on rice.

ā§Ž।āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He has taken leave on medical advice.

⧝।āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে on āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The river looks beautiful on a moonlit night.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ on āĻŦāϏে।

congratulate, comment, pride, rely, bestowed, insist, determined, depend, impose, reflect, take pity.


#By āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ•োāύ āωāĻĒা⧟ āĻŦা āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦāϤিāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—ে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ By hard labour.

⧍।āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He sat by me.

ā§Š। āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Nipu achieved success by determination.

ā§Ē।āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I shall travel by road.

ā§Ģ।āĻļāĻĒāĻĨ āύে⧟া āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I swear by almighty Allah.

ā§Ŧ।Passive Form-āĻ by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The work was done by me.

ā§­āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The room is 12 feet by 10 feet.

ā§ŽāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ(āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He will come back by 5 pm.

⧝।āĻšাāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They are improving day by day.

ā§§ā§Ļ।āĻ•াāϰো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϜাāύāϤে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He is an American by birth.

ā§§ā§§।āϝাāύāĻŦাāĻšāύে āĻ­্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ We went to Khulna by bus.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ by āĻŦāϏে।

accompanied, affected, judge.


#With āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে with āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He came with me.

⧍।āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা / āĻĻি⧟া āĻŦুāĻাāϤে with āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I killed the snake with a stick,

ā§Š।āĻ•াāϰāύ with āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The shadow lengthened with the approach of the sun.


āύিāĻŽ্āύেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒāϰ with āĻŦāϏে।


burden, cope, keep, up, keep pace, acquitted, angry, annoy, beset, blessed, covered, compare(āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻšāϞে with āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϜিāύিāϏেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻšāϞে to), content, familiar, invest, popular, reward.


#Into āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে into āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The teacher entered into the class room.

⧍।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে into āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Water is changed into snow.

ā§Š।āϏংāϘāϰ্āώ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে into āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The truck crashed into a parked car.

ā§Ē।āϏংāĻ–্āϝা⧟ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে into āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They were divided into three groups.

ā§Ģ।āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে into āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Speak clearly into the microphone.


#Above āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āωāĻĒāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে above āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The water came above our knees.

⧍।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে above āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The sun is above our head now.

ā§Š।āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে above āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Present temperature is above average.

ā§Ē।āĻāϤāϟাāχ āĻ¸ā§Ž / āĻ­াāϞো āĻŦুāĻাāϤে above āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Hemani is above suspicion.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āϤিāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে above āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I couldn’t hear him above the noise of the traffic.


#About āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে / āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে about āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I knew something about it.

⧍।āϚাāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে about āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The runners were running about the circle.

ā§Š।āωāĻĒāϞāĻ•্āώ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে about āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He came here about the marriage ceremony.

ā§Ē।āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ / āĻ•াāĻ›াāĻ•াāĻ›ি āĻŦুāĻাāϤে about āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He has lost about 1 lac taka.


#After āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĒāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He came after me.

⧍।āĻ…āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻŦাāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I’ve told him time after not to do that.

ā§Š।āĻĒিāĻ›āύে āĻĒিāĻ›āύে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They run after the thief.

ā§Ē।āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He returned home after a month.

ā§Ģ।āĻ িāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ•োāύ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Issa is the tallest after Mimi.

ā§Ŧ।āĻŽোāϟেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ After all, he is a good boy.

ā§­।āĻŦিāĻĒāϰিāϤ āϘāϟāύা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে after āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The house is pleasantly cool after the extreme heat outside.


#Before āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে before āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He came before lunch.

⧍।āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽুāĻ–ে / āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে before āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He stood before me.

ā§Š।āϤূāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦে āφāĻ—ে / āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে before āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He puts his work before everything.


#Among āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে( āϚাāϰāĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦেāώ্āϟিāϤ ) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে among āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ There is a house among the trees.

⧍।āĻĻু’⧟েāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে among āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Divided the mangoes among the three boys.


#Within āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে within āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He will come back within a month.

⧍।āϏাāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে within āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ We should live within our means.


#Over āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ There is a bridge over the river.

⧍।āĻĒাāϰাāĻĒাāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They run over the glass.

ā§Š। āϏāĻŽāĻ—্āϰ / āϏাāϰা āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They have traveled over the world.

ā§Ē।āĻŦিāĻĒāϰিāϤ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ They live over the road.

ā§Ģ।āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He was in America for over a month.

ā§Ŧ।āωāĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĨ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He has a director over him.

ā§­।āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে over āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He talked over telephone.


#Under āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āύিāϚে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে under āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The ball is under the table.

⧍।āĻ›োāϟ / āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ / āĻŦ⧟āϏ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে under āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. He is under 20. ii. He earns under 5000.

ā§Š।āĻ…āϧীāύে āφāϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে under āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The building is under construction.

ā§Ē।āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŦুāĻাāϤে under āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ He is under sentence to death.


#Between āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĻুāĻ‡ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে between āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. He stood between his two brothers. ii.Divide the mango between two sisters.


#Without āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ›া⧜া āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে without āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. He found the place without difficulty. ii.We can’t live without water.


#Beyond āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĒিāĻ›āύে / āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে beyond āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The road continues beyond the villages up into the hills.

⧍।āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে beyond āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ It won’t go on beyond midnight.

ā§Š।āϏাāϧ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে beyond āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The car was beyond repair.


#Since āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।‘āĻšāχāϤে’ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে poinr of time āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে since āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ since 1971, since Sunday, since June.


#Beside āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে by āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ beside āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ beside me, beside the man, beside you.

Through āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ­িāϤāϰ / āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে Through āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ through the forest, through struggle.


#Across āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻ†ā§œাāĻ†ā§œি āĻ­াāĻŦে / āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻļ্āĻŦে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে across āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. Go across the street, ii. My house is just across the road.


#Off āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻĻূāϰে / āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে off āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. Be off from here, ii. Swithch the fan off.


#Below āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āύিāĻŽ্āύে āĻŦāϰ্āύিāϤ, āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦা āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āĻŽ,āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āύিāϚে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে across āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. My particulars are given below. ii. Rahim has got below 80% marks. iii. He lives below middle class status.


#Down āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϚেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে down āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ The boy has fallen down from the roof


#Up āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§। āύিāϚ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে up āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ i. Go up the hill. ii. Climb up the tree.


#Besides āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

ā§§।āĻāĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ āĻŦুāĻাāχāϤে besides āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ I have another pen besides this.

______________________

āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–āĻŦ āĻ›āύ্āĻĻে āĻ›āύ্āĻĻে āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে preposition āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–া āϝা⧟। 

āĻ›āύ্āĻĻে āĻ›āύ্āĻĻে PREPOSITION āĻļিāĻ–ুāύ


āύāĻ—āϰ, āĻļāĻšāϰ, āĻĻেāĻļ,

āĻāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻŦāϏি⧟ে āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻŦেāĻļ।

āϏāĻĒ্āϤাāĻš, āĻŽাāϏ, āĻŦāĻ›āϰ, āĻ‹āϤু, āĻĻāĻļāĻ•, āϝুāĻ—,

āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻী,

āĻāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ—ে in āĻŦāϏাāύো āĻšā§Ÿ āφāϜ āĻ…āĻŦ্āĻĻি।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāϤ, āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰ, āĻ—োāϧূāϞি, āϰাāϤ,

āĻāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ—ে at āĻŦāϏি⧟ে āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻŦাāϜিāĻŽাāϤ।

āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āφāĻ—ে at āĻŦāϏে, āĻĻিāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে on,

āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ­াāĻ—ে in āύা āĻŦāϏাāϞে,

āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āϤāĻŦে Wrong।

Festival-āĻ at, āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰেāĻ“ at, with āĻšā§Ÿ

āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϤে,

āĻāχāĻ­াāĻŦে preposition āĻļিāĻ–āĻŦে āφāύāύ্āĻĻ āφāϰ

āĻĢুāϰ্āϤিāϤে।

Person-āĻ by, āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦুāĻাāϤেāĻ“

by, (āϝাāύāĻŦাāĻšāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে) āĻ•িāύ্āϤু in a car,

āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা⧟ āĻ…āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা⧟ at āύা āĻŦāϏাāϞে

āϏāĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ›াāϰāĻ–াāϰ।

āĻ›োāϟ āĻšāϞে at, āĻŦ⧜ āĻšāϞে in, āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻšā§Ÿ?

āĻāχ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύা āĻŦুāĻāϞে āĻŽāύে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āϭ⧟।

āĻŦাāĻšিāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­িāϤāϰে into āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰো,

āĻ­িāϤāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻšিāϰে āĻšā§Ÿ out of,

Preposition āύা āĻŦুāĻāϞে āĻŽুāĻĄ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে off।

āϞেāĻ—ে (āϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻļ āĻ•āϰে) āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে on āĻšā§Ÿ, āύāχāϞে

āĻšā§Ÿ above,

Since, for āĻŦুāĻ āύা, āĻ•েāύ āύাāĻ“ āĻ­াāĻŦ?

āĻļুāϰু āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে since āĻšā§Ÿ, āύāχāϞে āĻšā§Ÿ

for,

āĻ—āϤি āĻŦুāĻাāϤে (āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĻি⧟ে) over, āύিāϚে

āĻšā§Ÿ under,

Preposition āφāϏāϞেāχ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŽāϜাāϰ। āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা

(āϏ্āϤāϰ) āĻŦুāĻাāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ below,

Preposition āĻļিāĻ–āϤে āĻĒেāϰে, āφāĻŽি āφāĻ›ি

āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ­াāϞো।

On- āĻ āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻ—āϤি āĻšāϞে āĻļেāώ āĻšā§Ÿ onto,

āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦুāĻাāϤে with āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻĻিāĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāϤে to.

āĻ•োāύো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϰ āĻ­িāϤāϰ āĻĻি⧟ে āϝেāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ

through (āĻŦাāϧা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে)।

āĻ āĻĒাāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ“āĻĒাāĻļে āϝেāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ across,

(āĻŦাāϧা āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে)।

Preposition āĻļিāĻ–āϞে āύেāχ āĻ•োāύো

Loss āĻāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে of āĻšā§Ÿ Boss.


Conjunction āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে ? Conjunction āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি ?


Conjunction ( āϏংāϝোāϜāύ āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ ) : āϝে Word āĻĻুāϟি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ, āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝংāĻļāĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Conjunction āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ :

Mr Jamal is poor but honest.

Rasel and Radi are two brothers.

Asma and Alima are two sisters.

I shall wait here until you come back.

Do or die.

Rana or Rony is guilty.


[Note :āĻāĻ–াāύে but. and, until āĻāĻŦং or āĻšāϞ Conjunction. āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻুāϟি āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝাংāĻļāĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে ।]


Conjunction āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ : Conjunction āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ ।

Coordinating Conjunction.

Subordinating Conjunction.

Correlative Conjunction.


Coordinate Conjunction:


Coordinate conjunctions such as and, but, or, nor, for, so, or yet were used to include individual words, phrases and independent clauses.


Example:

- She stood first and got a prize.

- He is sad but hopeful

- The snake is small but dangerous

- You must read or you fail in the exam


Subordinate Conjunction:


The subordinate clause such as since, because, though, as, till etc. were used to join an independent clause to a dependent clause.


The subordinate conjunctions were used before the dependent clauses. dependent clause can be placed before or after the independent clauses.

Example:

- He never gives up till he wins.

- Since she had the headache, she did

- Though he loved her cousin, he married another one.

- While calling several times, she never received a replay.


correlative conjunctions:


Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions such as both ... and, either ... ..or, neither ...... nor etc. used in the sentences to link words, phrases and clauses


correlative conjunctions connect with two words or phrases or clauses that are the same structure and are grammatically similar. That means nouns are linked to nouns, adjectives to adjectives, prepositional phrases to prepositional phrases.


Correlatives conjunctions are:

both ... .and, either ... .or, neither ... .nor, not only ... .but also, so ... .that, such ... .that, no sooner ... .than, hardly ... .When, scarcely ... .When, else ... than, else ... .but.


Example:


- He is both a fool and a knave (noun noun)

- She is both wise and good (adjective to adjective)

- He should either work or go (verb to verb)

- He behaved neither wisely nor kindly (adverb to adverb)

- He is so tired that he can not run

- Such was her beauty

- No sooner had I left

- Hardly had I left the room

- Scarcely had

- She has none else than her mother

- She has none else but her mother ..


Interjection (āφāĻŦেāĻ— āϏূāϚāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟): 


āϝে word āĻŽāύেāϰ āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে, āϤাāĻ•ে interjection āĻŦāϞে। Interjection āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ­িāύ্āύāϧāϰ্āĻŽী Part of speech। āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ part of speech -āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ word āĻŦা āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে Interjection -āĻāϰ  āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒৃāĻ•্āϤāϤা āύেāχ ।


Alas!  He is dead.

Interjection āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦা Emotion āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে sudden change of mind। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž interjection āĻŽāύেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে। āĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āφāύāύ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻ–েঃāϰ, āϝে āĻ•োāύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।


Hurrah ! Today is holiday. (āĻ•ী āĻŽāϜা- Interjection)

Alas ! He is dead. (āĻšা⧟- Interjection)

Oh ! What a nice view. (āφāĻšা- Interjection)

Bravo ! You have done well.

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