Passage Narration ins and outs

 Narration - Is a Noun. Which means simply  Narrate something. Synonym of this word is speech. 

 Today Our main target is - Passage Narration. 

Passage narration means Narration in a broader sentence.   Or more easily a passage contained about various speeches between two person or more. We may say "Dialogue but as form in a passage" 

Difference  Between Narration and Passage  Narration. 

1. Sentence =  Simple Narration also called sentence Narration.  Which contains only one sentence.  / In passage Narration there are several sentence.  

2.Speaker one person and also   single  category sentence  /  speaker and listener  can be two or more and several categories sub, tense mixed there. 

* Focus First.

1. Have to know all sentence / simple narration rules. Cause its not a different item.

2. First read whole passage and identify speaker and listener( who will also act as a speaker next.)

3. Identify sentence and tense.

Passage narration

Rules1.

if there are more than one sentence in direct narration. They should be added with some phrases, given below.

*Assertive sentence  - Further said / also said /again said,  further added /added/ also added.etc. In a single sentence we just use "said".

*Interrogative - also asked / further asked / again asked etc. 

*Imperative - and ordered to,  and requested to

 

*Optative - and wished that / and prayed that etc.

*Exclamatory  - and exclaimed with happiness/ exclaimed with joy / exclaimed in grief / exclaimed with sorrow. etc.

Example -  "You can go home now. you may come tomorrow" said My Aunty. "Thank you" I said. (Direct)

= My Aunty told me that I could go home then and she added that I might come the next day.

Rules 2

If the reporting verb of direct narration is placed in the middle or last of a sentence, you should put them after sub in  indirect narration. Example is mentioned before. 

Rules-3 

Very simple rules - you should use replied in the affirmative for "yes" and replied in the negative for "No".

More clearly,  if  in a reported speech has "yes"  or "no", change them with "replied in the affirmative" and "replied in the negative"

Example-   "Have you done your project?"  I said to her. "Yes" she said. (Direct)

Indirect - I asked her if she had done her project. She replied in the affirmative. 

Rules-4 

When someone will be addressed in a reporting speech, ( it will be placed  inside an inverted comma)  you should use "addressing as' ' before the person addressed. 

Example -

"Are you reading, friends?" said Tonni. (Direct)

Addressing them as friends, tonni asked if they were reading. (Indirect) 

Rule-5

Use Swearing by Allah instead of "by Allah".

Example- 

D- " By Allah",he replied, "I will not leave this house. "

 Ind- Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that house.

Rule -6

When there will be an interrogation mark(?)  in assertive sentences. Use "being surprised" before reporting verbs  in an indirect speech.

Example- 

I said to him, " Have you   remembered the story?" (Direct)

Ind -Being surprised, I asked him if he had remembered the story. 

Rule -7

Most important rule to remember. 

*If any part or phrase of  reporting verb is placed outside of the inverted comma and if the phrase is present participle,  then while converting indirect speech use the phrase before sub in a sentence or initial part of a sentence. 

N.B - present participle ( verb+ing). 

 

Example- "Are you brothers?" asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.(direct)

Ind- Turning to the dervishes, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.