Pronouns

 


Basic Grammar
Pronoun and its classification
Pronoun āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ী āĻ•ী?
Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ 'āϏāϰ্āĻŦāύাāĻŽ'। āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϧāϰāĻŖেāϰ Parts of speech. 
A Pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun. 
āϝেāĻŽāύ, Amreen is a good student. She is in class two.  (Amreen- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে She āĻāĻ•āϟি Pronoun)
āϤাāχ āĻŦāϞা āϝা⧟, Noun- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āϝেāϏāĻŦ Word āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।

*Pronoun āĻ•āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ? 
 Pronoun -āĻ•ে English Grammarian -āϰা āφāϟ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞো, 
1. Personal Pronoun 
2. Demonstrative Pronoun
3. Interrogative Pronoun 
4. Indefinite Pronoun 
5. Distributive Pronoun 
6. Relative Pronoun
7. Reflexive Pronoun & Emphatic Pronoun 
8. Reciprocal Pronoun 

* Emphatic Pronoun āĻ•ে intensive pronoun āĻ“ āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। 

1. Personal Pronoun:
āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে āϝে Pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻ•ে Personal Pronoun āĻŦāϞে। āϝāĻĨা:
Tajbir took the book and opened it.  
Book āĻŦোāĻাāϤে it āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে 
He rang Ria and invited her. 
Ria -āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϤে her āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।
Why are you crying, Milon? 
Milon -āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāϤে You āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে 
My uncle is fat. He weighs over 90 kg. 
My uncle-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤে he āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে ।

*Person āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে Personal Pronoun-āĻ•ে āφāĻŦাāϰ āϤিāύ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ । āϝāĻĨা: (i). Subject Pronoun (ii). Object Pronoun (iii) Possessive pronoun

(i) Subject Pronoun:
āϝে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•োāύ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Subject āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Subject Pronouns āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: I know the girl. We are friends. He is a brilliant student āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻāĻ–াāύে I, We, He āĻāĻ—ুāϞো Subject Pronouns.

(ii). Object pronoun: 
āϝে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Object āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Object Pronouns āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: We like him. I know her. āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻāĻ–াāύে him, her āĻšāϞ Object Pronouns

(iii). Possessive Pronouns:
āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Possessive PronounsāĻŦāϞে। āϝāĻĨা: 
This pen is yours/ his/ hers/ mine/ ours/ theirs. āĻāĻ–াāύে yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs āĻāĻ—ুāϞো Possessive Pronouns 

2. Demonstrative pronoun: 
āϝে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো Noun āĻāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦāϏে āωāĻšাāϰ, āĻāϟি, āĻ“āϟি, āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে Demonstrative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: this, that, These, those, such āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।
Examples:This is my pen.That was my laptop.These are my toys.Those are our books.

3. Interrogative pronoun:
āϝে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো  āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ āϏে Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Interrogative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: Which, Who, What, Whose, Whom āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।
Examples:Which of these books will you buy? Whom are you calling? Who came first in the class?

4. Indefinite pronoun:
āϝে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āύা āĻŦুāĻি⧟ে āĻ…āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Indefinite Pronoun āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : Anyone, Somewhere, Anybody, Anyway āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি ।

5. Distributive pronoun: āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ Pronoun āĻāĻ•āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• Noun- āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•ে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻ•āϰা āĻŦোāĻা⧟, āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে Distributive Pronoun āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝāĻĨা: 
Each: Each boy will get a prize.
Either: Either of the two girls is intelligent.
Neither: Neither of the statements is false.

6. Relative pronoun:
āϝে Pronoun āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āφāĻŦাāϰ āϐ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি/āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϏে Pronoun āĻ•ে Relative Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻ•āĻĨা⧟, Relative Pronoun āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻুāϟি Clause āĻ•ে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে। 
āϝেāĻŽāύ: I know the boy  whom you love. (āĻāĻ–াāύ Whom– relative pronoun āϟি The girl āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āφāĻŦাāϰ the girl āĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰুāĻ›ে। āϤাāχ āĻāϟি Relative Pronoun)

āφāϰো āĻ•িāĻ›ু Relative Pronoun:  which, whose, who, That, whom, where āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।

7. Reflexive pronoun:
Personal Pronoun āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ—ে self āĻŦা selves āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāχ Pronoun āϟি Object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ•āχ āϏাāĻĨে Subject āĻ•েāĻ“ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Reflexive Pronoun āĻŦāϞে।  
āϝেāĻŽāύ: He killed himself (He āĻšāϞো personal pronoun, āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে self āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে object āĻāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āφāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āχ āϏাāĻĨে Subject āĻ•েāĻ“ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে।)
āφāϰো āĻ•িāĻ›ু Reflexive Pronouns: Himself, myself, herself, themselves āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।

8. Reciprocal pronoun:
āϝে Pronoun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĻুāχ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•/āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻা⧟ āϤাāĻ•ে Reciprocal Pronoun āĻŦāϞে । āϝেāĻŽāύ : Each other, One another āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻšāϞ Reciprocal Pronoun.

**Intensive pronoun:/ Emphatic Pronoun:
āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ Noun āĻŦা Pronoun āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻ—ুāϰāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞ pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে Intensive pronoun/ Emphatic Pronoun āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ। Reflexive pronoun āĻāĻŦং intensive pronoun āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু intensive pronoun āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে object āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύা ।āϝেāĻŽāύ: Himself, myself, ourselves,  herself, themselves āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।
He, himself did the work.

āĻŦি:āĻĻ্āϰ: āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় Pronouns āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻāϏে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Noor E Alam, Dhaka University
English Medium Teacher
British Council certified IELTS & Spoken Trainer
*Basic English * Grammar & Vocabulary  * Academic English * IELTS & Spoken 
01750044274



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