Monday, May 30, 2022

Articles practice sheet

 

    English
   নূরে আলম স্যার
   ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, বীরশ্রেষ্ঠ নূর মোহাম্মদ পাবলিক স্কুল অ্যান্ড কলেজ।
   Former Lecturer: BIT, ইংলিশ মিডিয়াম & সাউথ পয়েন্ট স্কুল, ইংলিশ ভার্সন। IELTS instructor @ British Council
01750044274 facebook.com/Hopeland4u

1. An honest man is true to his (a)--- words. He does not deviate from (b)--- path of honesty. He knows that true happiness consists of (c)--- honesty. He does not fall victim to (d)---greed. He does not hanker after (e)---worldly property. (f)---honest man abstains him from corruption. He does not mix with (g)---corrupted people. He is (h)---man who tries to get pleasure from good deeds. (i)---greed for wealth does not touch him. People should follow the path of (j)---honest people of the society.
2. Truthfulness is (a)--- greatest of all (b)--- virtues which make (c)--- man really great. If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking (d)---  truth, we cannot command (e)--- confidence of others. (f)---  might succeed once or twice by telling (g)--- lie but it never brings a good result. (h)---lie never lies hidden. Today or tomorrow it comes to light. Then (i)--- real character of ()--- liar is revealed and nobody believes him.

3. Hope means expectation. It is one of (a)---chief supports of life. Apart from bread, we live upon hope. We always hope that something good is awaiting us. It makes our life easy and comfortable. It is (b)---hope that gives us strength, vigour and perseverance. It gives (c)---stimulus to work. (d)--- present would be intolerable if we have no hope for better in (e)---future. It is hope that keeps life afloat on (f) --- sea of (g)--- world. It cheers (h)--- mind and keeps our spirits in distress. We always hope for better things. Hope springs eternal peace in (i) --- human mind. There is no (j) ---end of hope.

4. (a)---16th December is (b)---red letter day in the history of Bangladesh. On this day we achieved victory at (c) --- cost of (d)---bloody battle. Bangladesh came into being as (e) ---independent country. It occupied a place in the world (f) ---map. Every year we observe (g)---day with due solemnity. We remember (h) --- supreme sacrifice of our heroic sons. The day is (i) --- public holiday. The day begins with gunshot. The national flag is hoisted on (j)---top of the each house.

5. (a) ---idle man and (b)---active man cannot be equal. We know (c)--- story of (d)---ant (e)---grasshopper. (f)--- ant was industrious. On the other hand the grasshopper was a lazy (g)---person. The ant knows that (h)---industrious shine. On (i)---contrary (j)---lazy suffer in life.

6. (a)---ant is (b) ---industrious insect. No other insect is as (c) ---ant. If we open (d) ---page of history, we shall see that (e)---men who have become great were (f) --- industrious. (g)---industrious are liked by all. On (h)---other hand, (i)--- idle are hated by all. So industry is (j) ---must to prosper in life.

7. (a) ---pious are always happy. A pious man does not run after name and fame. He is different from (b) ---worldly man. (c) ---religious minded people are quite different from (d) ---people who want to have much (e) ---wealth. (f) ---virtuous believe that there lies (g) ---eternal life after death. (h)---greedy people give importance to this world. However (i) ---virtuous man enjoys mental (j) ---peace.

8. The process of learning may very well be compared to (a))---undertaking of a journey. The learner or the student is (b))---journey taker or traveller. Just as a traveller has to undergo all (c))--- botherations of buying his ticket, booking his baggage, showing up his ticket, taking care of things, boarding a train or a bus and suffering every other item of (d))---tedious journey to reach his (e))---destination, so a learner has to mange his learning affair himself. It is (f))---labourious process and no one can do (g))--- labour for him and no one else can undertake (h))---journey for another. There is no trick or magic in it. It cannot be acquired at second hand. Just as a traveler, he can enquire here and there in case of doubt and difficulty. However, the journey is (i))---passenger's own concern. In (j))---same way, learning is entirely the concern of the student or the learner.

9. (a)---morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b)---simple exercise and good for health and (c)---mentality. In the morning (d)---air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (e)---environment makes an effect on (f)---walker's health and mind. When (g)--- man enjoys (h)---beauties and solemnity of (i)---nature in (j)---morning

10. Literacy as (a)--- skill was first institutionalized in Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and China soon after (b)----- art of writing was invented. Education then was not for (c)--- general people but (d)---privilege for (e)--- chosen (f)---few who took on strategic roles in (g)---running of (h)--- state and in religion. In Greece, education became more widespread in about the 5th century BC. (i)--- Greeks, however, sent only their male children to school.

* Detached/ sentences articles:

1. ........mother rose in her.

2. ......... more........ happier.

3. I have ......few friends

4. ........ Pacific is .......deepest ocean.

5. Thousands of......people attended in ..... meeting.

6. Akbar.......great is .....powerful leader

7. During ..... liberation war many .....man was killed

8. She  is  ......girl who is very sincere to .....his studies.

9. I am at.....loss.

10. All on....sudden I got the news

11. Fortune favours ..........brave

12. .......... virtuous are blessed.

13. ...........rich are not always happy.

14. She hit upon .......plan to learn ....... English.

15. Ria speaks ............French like ........French.

16. She pulled him by........ear.

17. Nazrul is called ....... Shelley of Bengal.

18. Narayanganj is called ....... Dundee of Bangladesh.

19. The Headmaster and ......secretary were present

20. The Chairman and ....... president of the committee was present.

21. He has already completed .....fifth and .....sixth chapter.

22. Of .....two girls she is ....more beautiful.

23. In .......nutshell, I can say that he is one of ......worst boys.

24. All his hopes were nipped in ....bud.

25. .....drowning man catches at ....straw

26. ......stitch in time saves nine.

27. Where there is .....will, there is ....way

28. My birthday is on .....22nd of May.

29. Aishwarya is ....one and only actress whom I love most.

30. I am a fan of ......Greek culture.

31. .....water in ..... Pacific ocean is freezing.

32. .....USA and ......  UK are the world leaders in providing a top-notch education.

33. What are your plans for..... coming weekend?

34. We went on...Walk in .....forest yesterday.

35. My friend enjoyed......book that I gave her.

36. That is ....ewe

37. Many .....man was present in .... meeting.

38. .....Brahmaputra is one of ...... mightiest river.

39. Shylock was.....userer.

40. Fortune favours ......brave

.........................×..............................

Prepared by Noor E Alam Sir
University of Dhaka

Affirmative, negative, interrogative

 Write down in your copy.

Convert the following sentences into interrogative (1 to 12). (Answers are given)


1. It is no use memorizing answer for any examination.

=Why memorize answer for any examination? 

=Is there any use of memorizing answer for any examination?


2. Every man must die.

=Is there any man who will not die?


3. Every man hates war.

=Is there any man who doesn't hate war?

4. Nobody could ever count my love for you?

=Who could ever count my love for you?

5. There is no use of this law.

=What is the use of this law?

=Is there any use of this law?

6. There is no man happier than Kamal.

=Who is happier than Kamal?

7. Friendship is nothing but a name.

=What is friendship but a name?

=Isn't friendship but a name?

8. Life is nothing but full of actions.

=What is life but full of actions?

=Isn't life but full of actions?

9. Everybody loves flowers.

= Who doesn't love flowers?

= Is there anybody but loves flowers?

10. Nobody believes a liar.

= Who believes a liar?

11. Everybody attended in the party.

= Who didn't attend in the party?

12. There is no use of mobile set for the children.

= What is the use of mobile phone for the children?

= Is there any use of mobile phone for the children?



......................×...........................


Convert the following sentences into negative. ( Answers are given for you) 

1. As soon as the mother saw her son, she embraced him.

= No sooner had the mother seen her son than she embraced him.

2. Everybody hates a liar.

= There is nobody but hates a liar.

3. She had much money.

= She didn't have a little money 

4. I have many friends.

= I don't have a few friends.

5. She loves me a lot.

= She doesn't hate me at all.

6. We must help the poor.

= We can't but help the poor.

7. He is both a teacher and a singer.

= He is not only a singer but also a teacher.

8. Only Allah can save us.

= None but Allah can save us.

9. I play only football.

= I play nothing but football.

10. He is only 7 years old.

= He is not more than 7 years old.

11. I am doubtful.

= I am not sure.

12. He is too weak to walk 

= He is so weak that he can't walk.

13. He was too weak to carry the load.

= He was so weak that he couldn't carry the load.

14. He is too smart to be cheated.

= He is so smart that he can't be cheated.

15. Dhaka is the dirtiest city in the world.

= No other city in the world is as dirty as Dhaka.

16. Ruhi is taller than Rahi.

= Rahi is not as tall as Ruhi.

17. Gold is not as as costlier as diamond.

= Gold is less costlier than diamond.

= Diamond is costlier than gold.

18.  I see you when you come here.

= I never see you but you come here.

19. Whenever I go out, I wear a mask.

= I never go out but wear a mask.

20. She is too smart  to be cheated.

= She is so smart that she can be cheated.

21. Anger is a vice.

= Anger is not a virtue.

22. I have to buy a new bike.

= I can't but buy a new bike.

23. They came here for the last time.

= They will never come here again.

24.  Speak the truth.

= Don't fail to speak the truth.

25. He  answered every question.

= He left no question unanswered.

26. Everything is uncertain.

= Nothing is certain.


Prepared by Noor E Alam

Articles for practice

 1. ........mother rose in her. 

2. ......... more........ happier.

3. I have ......few friends 

4. ........ Pacific is .......deepest ocean.

5. Thousands of......people attended in ..... meeting.

6. Akbar.......great is .....powerful leader 

7. During ..... liberation war many .....man was killed 

8. She  is  ......girl who is very sincere to .....his studies.

9. I am at.....loss.

10. All on....sudden I got the news

11. Fortune favours ..........brave

12. .......... virtuous are blessed.

13. ...........rich are not always happy.

14. She hit upon .......plan to learn ....... English.

15. Ria speaks ............French like ........French.

16. She pulled him by........ear.

17. Nazrul is called ....... Shelley of Bengal.

18. Narayanganj is called ....... Dundee of Bangladesh.

19. The Headmaster and ......secretary were present 

20. The Chairman and ....... president of the committee was present.

21. He has already completed .....fifth and .....sixth chapter.

22. Of .....two girls she is ....more beautiful. 

23. In .......nutshell, I can say that he is one of ......worst boys.

24. All his hopes were nipped in ....bud.

25. .....drowning man catches at ....straw

26. ......stitch in time saves nine.

27. Where there is .....will, there is ....way

28. My birthday is on .....22nd of May.

29. Aishwarya is ....one and only actress whom I love most.

30. I am a fan of ......Greek culture.

31. .....water in ..... Pacific ocean is freezing.

32. .....USA and ......  UK are the world leaders in providing a top-notch education.

33. What are your plans for..... coming weekend?

34. We went on...Walk in .....forest yesterday.

35. My friend enjoyed......book that I gave her.

36. That is ....ewe 

37. Many .....man was present in .... meeting.

38. .....Brahmaputra is one of ...... mightiest river.

39. Shylock was.....userer.

40. Fortune favours ......brave


.........................×................................


Prepared by Noor E Alam Sir

University of Dhaka


Articles

 

সাধারণ আলোচনাঃ

বলতে গেলে Articles অনেক easy একটি grammatical item  J.S.C. এবং H.S.C. পরীক্ষায় এটি Fill in the gaps আকারে থাকে  J.S.C. এবং HSC উভয় পরীক্ষাতেই ১০ টি gaps এর জন্যে 5 marks থাকে ।মনে রাখতে হবে, gaps পূরণ করতে গিয়ে কোথাও যদি article না বসে তবে সেখানে (×) বসাতে হবে  নিচে সংক্ষেপে articles এর পরিচিতিসহ এর সাধারণ rules বা নিয়মগুলো 
আলোচনা করা হল  

Articles এর পরিচিতিঃ

ইংরেজিতে কোন কিছুকে নির্দিষ্ট বা অনির্দিষ্ট করে বুঝানোর জন্য ব্যবহৃত a, an এবং the এই তিনটি word কে Article বলা হয়  তবে পরিচয়গত দিক থেকে এরা প্রত্যেকেই এক একটি Adjective কারণ এরা Noun কে Modify করে  যদিও Articles এর সাথে সাধারণ Adjective এর কিছু পার্থক্য আছে  
A, An এবং The এই তিনটি Articles কে আবার দুটি ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়  যথাঃ
(i)             Indefinite Article      (ii) Definite Article 

Indefinite article:

ইংরেজিতে A এবং An কে Indefinite Article বলা হয়  কেননা কোন কিছুকে অনির্দিষ্ট করে বুঝানোর জন্য বা শুধু সংখ্যা নির্দেশ করার জন্য A বা An ব্যবহৃত হয়  এরা সাধারণত Singular Countable Noun এর পূর্বে বসে  অর্থগত দিক থেকে A বা An এর মধ্যে কোন পার্থক্য না থাকলেও ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রে কিছু পার্থক্য রয়েছে যা এই শীটে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হবে ইনশাল্লাহ 

Definite Article:

‘The’ কে Definite Article বলা হয় কারণ তা কোন কিছুকে অর্থাৎ বিশেষ কোন ব্যক্তিবস্তুপ্রাণী বা কোন বিষয়কে নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝানোর জন্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়  Definite Article “The”, Countable বা Uncountable এবং Singular বা Plural সবক্ষেত্রেই ব্যবহৃত হয় 

article ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রে নির্দিষ্টতা বা অনির্দিষ্টতার ব্যাপারটি পরিষ্কার হতে নিচের situation টি অনুধাবন করার চেষ্টা কর ।  ধরোকেউ একজন দোকানে এসেছে কলম কিনতে  সে যখন normally কোন দোকানদারের কাছে কলম চাইবে তখন সে বলবে –
Hello, Give me a pen, please । (এক্ষেত্রে সে কোন কলম নির্দিষ্ট করে বলে নি  so, দোকানদার তাকে যে কোন একটি কলম দিতে পারে)
এরপরে ধর দোকানদার লালনীল , সবুজহলুদ ইত্যাদি অনেক ধরণের কলমের দিকে নির্দেশ করে তার কাছে জানতে চাইল যে সে কোন কলমটা চায়  এবং এবার যখন সে লালনীলসবুজ অথবা হলুদের মধ্য থেকে নির্দিষ্ট করে একটা কলম চাইবে তখন সে বলবে – Give me the red pen, please  (লাল কলমটি চাইল সে

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