Transformation of Sentences

Transformation of sentences:

Easy and effective rules

To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:


Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦুāĻাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।

Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে - āĻāĻ•āϟি clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āφāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি phrase āĻ āĻ•োāύ verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āĻ•োāύ verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা. simple sentence āĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āϟি phrase āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āĻ•িāύ্āϤু complex āĻāĻŦং compound  sentence āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāχāϟি clause āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§Ž āĻĻুāχāϟি verb  āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϏেāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)

Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻ–াāύে study āĻ•ে present participle āĻŦাāύি⧟ে āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āϝাāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause āϟা āĻ­েāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻāĻ•āϟা phrase āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝা⧟, āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āϟা clause āϤāĻĨা āĻāĻ•āϟাāχ verb āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে।) 

Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.

Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে complex sentence āĻāϰ connectors āĻ—ুāϞিāϰ functions āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰিāϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ।

Simple  sentence āĻ•ে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে simple  sentence  āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা clause āĻ•ে āĻ­েāĻ™ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āύāϤুāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻĻুāχāϟা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϏেāχ āĻĻুāχāϟি clause āĻ•ে āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āωāĻĒāϰোāĻ•্āϤ connectors āĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে। āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āύি⧟āĻŽāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰেāĻ“ āĻ…āύেāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে simple sentence āĻ•ে complex sentence āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦāĻ—ুāϞো āύি⧟āĻŽেāϰāχ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āύি⧟āĻŽ āφāĻ›ে।

āύিāĻŽ্āύোāĻ•্āϤ āύি⧟āĻŽāĻ—ুāϞো āϏāĻŦ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻŦে :

Rule 1:

If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.

Phrase  āϟিāĻ•ে clause  āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āφāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āϝāĻĻি subject āύা āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻ•āϟা subject āĻ“ āφāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.

āĻāχ sentence āϟিāϤে phrase āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে ‘Seeing the teacher’।  āĻāχ phrase āĻ seeing āĻ•ে āϏāĻšāϜেāχ verb āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝা⧟। āφāϰ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāχ sentence āĻāϰ subject āĻāĻ•āϟাāχ āϏেāĻšেāϤু āφāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻ•āχ subject āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.

Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āύা।  āϤাāχ āφāĻŽāϰা seeing āĻ•ে saw āĻŦাāύি⧟েāĻ›ি। āĻĻুāϟি clause āĻ subject āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻ•āχ, āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•āϟিāϤে pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি connector āĻŦাāĻ›াāχ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence  āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻ•েāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• connector āĻ“ āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦ āĻ—ুāϞোāχ āϏāĻ িāĻ•।
The complex sentence could be:

As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.

āϝāĻĻি clause  āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ subject āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĻুāχ clause āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে āĻĻুāχ subject āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.

Rule 2:

If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.

Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence. 
āĻāĻ–াāύে āφāĻŽāϰা innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟিāĻ•ে āϏিāϞেāĻ•্āϟ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āĻāύে āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি clause āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ি। innocence āĻāĻ•āϟি noun, āϤাāχ āĻāχ clause  āϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি noun clause .

More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে extra āĻāĻ•āϟি verb āφāύা āϝাāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.

For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻ–াāύে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ•āϰেāχ āĻāĻ•āϟা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.


For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.

Rule 3:

āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু phrase āĻ•ে clause āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰে complex sentence āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āύি⧟āĻŽ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏেāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞ –

Because of  = clause + because/as/since + clause.

Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.

At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.

Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.

In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.

Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.

Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.

Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.

Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.

Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 1 | People or Institutions Making History | Nelson Mandela, from Apartheid Fighter to President

Comprehension

Class 6, poem "Holding Hands"