Transformation of Sentences

Transformation of sentences:

Easy and effective rules

To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:


Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ।

Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে - āĻāĻ•āĻŸি clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি phrase āĻ āĻ•োāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ•োāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি phrase āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু complex āĻāĻŦং compound  sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸি clause āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ্āĻ¯াā§Ž āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸি verb  āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ¸েāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)

Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে study āĻ•ে present participle āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻŸা āĻ­েāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸা phrase āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§Ÿ, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা clause āĻ¤āĻĨা āĻāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ‡ verb āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦে।) 

Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.

Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻĒ্āĻ°ā§ŸোāĻœāĻ¨।

Simple  sentence āĻ•ে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে simple  sentence  āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸা clause āĻ•ে āĻ­েāĻ™ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸি clause āĻ•ে āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°োāĻ•্āĻ¤ connectors āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°েāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে simple sentence āĻ•ে complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽেāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤িāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ে।

āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨োāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻŦে :

Rule 1:

If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.

Phrase  āĻŸিāĻ•ে clause  āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯āĻĻি subject āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸা subject āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।

Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.

āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻŸিāĻ¤ে phrase āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে ‘Seeing the teacher’।  āĻāĻ‡ phrase āĻ seeing āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻšāĻœেāĻ‡ verb āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ¸েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ subject āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.

Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¨া।  āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া seeing āĻ•ে saw āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§ŸেāĻ›ি। āĻĻুāĻŸি clause āĻ subject āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻ‡, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸিāĻ¤ে pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি connector āĻŦাāĻ›াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° sentence  āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ• connector āĻ“ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•।
The complex sentence could be:

As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.

āĻ¯āĻĻি clause  āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻ‡ subject āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.

Rule 2:

If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.

Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence. 
āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻ¸িāĻ˛েāĻ•্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি। innocence āĻāĻ•āĻŸি noun, āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ clause  āĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻŸি noun clause .

More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে extra āĻāĻ•āĻŸি verb āĻ†āĻ¨া āĻ¯াāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.

For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻŸি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•ে āĻ•েāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.


For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.

Rule 3:

āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু phrase āĻ•ে clause āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে complex sentence āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ°ā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ –

Because of  = clause + because/as/since + clause.

Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.

At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.

Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.

In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.

Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.

Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.

Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.

Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.

Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)

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