Transformation of Sentences
Transformation of sentences:
Easy and effective rules
To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:
Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻŦুāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻšāĻ্āĻে - āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻ āĻোāύ verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāϞেāĻ āĻোāύ verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা. simple sentence āĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻĨাāĻে।
āĻিāύ্āϤু complex āĻāĻŦং compound sentence āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ āĻĻুāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে। āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻাāύে study āĻে present participle āĻŦাāύিā§ে āĻĻেā§া āĻšā§েāĻে āϝাāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻা āĻেāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻা phrase āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝাā§, āĻাāϰāĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āϤāĻĨা āĻāĻāĻাāĻ verb āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে।)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে complex sentence āĻāϰ connectors āĻুāϞিāϰ functions āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰিāϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
Simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে simple sentence āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻে āĻেāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āύāϤুāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϝোāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĻুāĻāĻা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϏেāĻ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻে āϝোāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĒāϰোāĻ্āϤ connectors āĻুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে। āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻŦাāĻāϰেāĻ āĻ āύেāĻāĻাāĻŦে simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো āύিā§āĻŽেāϰāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্āϰāĻŽ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻāĻে।
āύিāĻŽ্āύোāĻ্āϤ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰেāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāĻŦে :
Rule 1:
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻিāĻে clause āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āϝāĻĻি subject āύা āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻāĻা subject āĻ āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ sentence āĻিāϤে phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে ‘Seeing the teacher’। āĻāĻ phrase āĻ seeing āĻে āϏāĻšāĻেāĻ verb āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝাā§। āĻāϰ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻ sentence āĻāϰ subject āĻāĻāĻাāĻ āϏেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻāĻ subject āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§ āύা। āϤাāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰা seeing āĻে saw āĻŦাāύিā§েāĻি। āĻĻুāĻি clause āĻ subject āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻāĻ, āϤাāĻ āĻāĻāĻিāϤে pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻāĻি connector āĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻেāϰ āĻ āϧিāĻ connector āĻ āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦ āĻুāϞোāĻ āϏāĻ িāĻ।
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āϝāĻĻি clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ subject āĻিāύ্āύ āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšā§, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĻুāĻ clause āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻĻুāĻ subject āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2:
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻŽāϰা innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻিāĻে āϏিāϞেāĻ্āĻ āĻāϰে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύে āĻāϰেāĻāĻি clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰেāĻি। innocence āĻāĻāĻি noun, āϤাāĻ āĻāĻ clause āĻি āĻāĻāĻি noun clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻāϰাāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে extra āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύা āϝাāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻাāύে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻে āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻāϰেāĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰা āĻšā§েāĻে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3:
āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু phrase āĻে clause āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰে complex sentence āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻিāĻু āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āύিā§āĻŽ āϰā§েāĻে। āϏেāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞ –
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
Easy and effective rules
To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:
Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāϰ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āĻŦুāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻšāĻ্āĻে - āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻ āĻোāύ verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāϞেāĻ āĻোāύ verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা. simple sentence āĻ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻĨাāĻে।
āĻিāύ্āϤু complex āĻāĻŦং compound sentence āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ āĻĻুāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে। āϏেāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻাāύে study āĻে present participle āĻŦাāύিā§ে āĻĻেā§া āĻšā§েāĻে āϝাāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻা āĻেāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻা phrase āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝাā§, āĻাāϰāĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āϤāĻĨা āĻāĻāĻাāĻ verb āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে।)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে complex sentence āĻāϰ connectors āĻুāϞিāϰ functions āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰিāϤ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻĒ্āϰā§োāĻāύ।
Simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে simple sentence āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻে āĻেāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āύāϤুāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϝোāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĻুāĻāĻা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϏেāĻ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻে āϝোāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĒāϰোāĻ্āϤ connectors āĻুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে। āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻŦাāĻāϰেāĻ āĻ āύেāĻāĻাāĻŦে simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাā§ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦāĻুāϞো āύিā§āĻŽেāϰāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ্āϰāĻŽ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻāĻে।
āύিāĻŽ্āύোāĻ্āϤ āύিā§āĻŽāĻুāϞো āϏāĻŦ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰেāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāĻŦে :
Rule 1:
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻিāĻে clause āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āϝāĻĻি subject āύা āĻĨাāĻে āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāĻāĻা subject āĻ āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ sentence āĻিāϤে phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে ‘Seeing the teacher’। āĻāĻ phrase āĻ seeing āĻে āϏāĻšāĻেāĻ verb āĻŦাāύাāύো āϝাā§। āĻāϰ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻ sentence āĻāϰ subject āĻāĻāĻাāĻ āϏেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻāĻ subject āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§ āύা। āϤাāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰা seeing āĻে saw āĻŦাāύিā§েāĻি। āĻĻুāĻি clause āĻ subject āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻāĻ, āϤাāĻ āĻāĻāĻিāϤে pronoun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāĻāĻি connector āĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ sentence āĻāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻেāϰ āĻ āϧিāĻ connector āĻ āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŦ āĻুāϞোāĻ āϏāĻ িāĻ।
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āϝāĻĻি clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāϰ subject āĻিāύ্āύ āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšā§, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĻুāĻ clause āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻĻুāĻ subject āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2:
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻŽāϰা innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻিāĻে āϏিāϞেāĻ্āĻ āĻāϰে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύে āĻāϰেāĻāĻি clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰেāĻি। innocence āĻāĻāĻি noun, āϤাāĻ āĻāĻ clause āĻি āĻāĻāĻি noun clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻāϰাāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে extra āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāύা āϝাāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻাāύে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻে āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻāϰেāĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰা āĻšā§েāĻে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3:
āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু phrase āĻে clause āĻ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰে complex sentence āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝে āĻিāĻু āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āύিā§āĻŽ āϰā§েāĻে। āϏেāĻুāϞো āĻšāϞ –
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
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