Transformation of Sentences
Transformation of sentences:
Easy and effective rules
To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:
Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻে āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ।
Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ্āĻে - āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¨া. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛েāĻ āĻোāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¨া. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻĨাāĻে।
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু complex āĻāĻŦং compound sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻে āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ্āĻ¯াā§ āĻĻুāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে। āĻ¸েāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে study āĻে present participle āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§ে āĻĻেā§া āĻšā§েāĻে āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻা āĻেāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻা phrase āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§, āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤āĻĨা āĻāĻāĻাāĻ verb āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦে।)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻে āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻĒ্āĻ°ā§োāĻāĻ¨।
Simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে simple sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻে āĻেāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¯োāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻুāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¸েāĻ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻে āĻ¯োāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĒāĻ°োāĻ্āĻ¤ connectors āĻুāĻ˛ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে। āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦাāĻāĻ°েāĻ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻāĻাāĻŦে simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িā§āĻŽেāĻ°āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ āĻāĻে।
āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨োāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻŦে :
Rule 1:
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻিāĻে clause āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯āĻĻি subject āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻāĻা subject āĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ sentence āĻিāĻ¤ে phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে ‘Seeing the teacher’। āĻāĻ phrase āĻ seeing āĻে āĻ¸āĻšāĻেāĻ verb āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§। āĻāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻ sentence āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻāĻাāĻ āĻ¸েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻ subject āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¨া। āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻ°া seeing āĻে saw āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§েāĻি। āĻĻুāĻি clause āĻ subject āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻāĻ, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻāĻিāĻ¤ে pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻি connector āĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻāĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ§িāĻ connector āĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻুāĻ˛োāĻ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ।
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āĻ¯āĻĻি clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšā§, āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ clause āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻ subject āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2:
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻŽāĻ°া innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻিāĻে āĻ¸িāĻ˛েāĻ্āĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻি clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°েāĻি। innocence āĻāĻāĻি noun, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻ clause āĻি āĻāĻāĻি noun clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে extra āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨া āĻ¯াāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻে āĻেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ° āĻāĻ°েāĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§েāĻে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3:
āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু phrase āĻে clause āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°ে complex sentence āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻিāĻু āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ āĻ°ā§েāĻে। āĻ¸েāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ –
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
Easy and effective rules
To my students who sometimes find it difficult to transform various types of sentences:
Simple complex compound
sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻে āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ।
Clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ্āĻে - āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻ āĻোāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¨া. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻāĻ˛েāĻ āĻোāĻ¨ verb āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¨া. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻি clause āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি phrase āĻĨাāĻে।
āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু complex āĻāĻŦং compound sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻĨাāĻে āĻ āĻ°্āĻĨ্āĻ¯াā§ āĻĻুāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে। āĻ¸েāĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে simple sentence āĻ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻĨাāĻে।
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে study āĻে present participle āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§ে āĻĻেā§া āĻšā§েāĻে āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻা āĻেāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻা phrase āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§, āĻাāĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤āĻĨা āĻāĻāĻাāĻ verb āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦে।)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦং simple to complex āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻুāĻ˛িāĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻে āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĨাāĻা āĻĒ্āĻ°ā§োāĻāĻ¨।
Simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে simple sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻে āĻেāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¯োāĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻĻুāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¸েāĻ āĻĻুāĻāĻি clause āĻে āĻ¯োāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĒāĻ°োāĻ্āĻ¤ connectors āĻুāĻ˛ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°ে। āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦাāĻāĻ°েāĻ āĻ āĻ¨েāĻāĻাāĻŦে simple sentence āĻে complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িā§āĻŽেāĻ°āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤িāĻ্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ āĻāĻে।
āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨োāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻŦে :
Rule 1:
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻিāĻে clause āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯āĻĻি subject āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻāĻāĻা subject āĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ sentence āĻিāĻ¤ে phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে ‘Seeing the teacher’। āĻāĻ phrase āĻ seeing āĻে āĻ¸āĻšāĻেāĻ verb āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯াā§। āĻāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻ sentence āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻāĻাāĻ āĻ¸েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻŽāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻ subject āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻŦো।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ āĻšā§ āĻ¨া। āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻ°া seeing āĻে saw āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§েāĻি। āĻĻুāĻি clause āĻ subject āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻāĻāĻ, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻāĻিāĻ¤ে pronoun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ুāĻ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻি connector āĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻāĻেāĻ° āĻ āĻ§িāĻ connector āĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻুāĻ˛োāĻ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ।
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āĻ¯āĻĻি clause āĻāĻŦং phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻিāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšā§, āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ clause āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻĻুāĻ subject āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2:
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻŽāĻ°া innocence āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻিāĻে āĻ¸িāĻ˛েāĻ্āĻ āĻāĻ°ে āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ°েāĻāĻি clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°েāĻি। innocence āĻāĻāĻি noun, āĻ¤াāĻ āĻāĻ clause āĻি āĻāĻāĻি noun clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻ্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে extra āĻāĻāĻি verb āĻāĻ¨া āĻ¯াāĻŦে।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻাāĻ¨ে outstanding āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি adjective āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻে āĻেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ° āĻāĻ°েāĻ āĻāĻāĻা clause āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°া āĻšā§েāĻে।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3:
āĻিāĻু āĻিāĻু phrase āĻে clause āĻ āĻ°ূāĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°ে complex sentence āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻāĻ°াāĻ° āĻāĻ¨্āĻ¯ে āĻিāĻু āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻ āĻ¨িā§āĻŽ āĻ°ā§েāĻে। āĻ¸েāĻুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ –
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
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