Case

 


Case

Definition: Sentence āĻ āĻ•োāύ noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ word āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϝে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤাāĻ•ে Case āĻŦāϞে।


āχংāϰেāϜিāϤে noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻāϰ Case āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ āĻĒাঁāϚ āϰāĻ•āĻŽেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞ-

Nominative case

Objective case

Possessive case

Vocative case

Dative case


Note: Dative case āĻ•ে āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ āϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āφāϧুāύিāĻ• English grammar āĻāϟিāĻ•ে object āϤāĻĨা Objective case āϰুāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে। āϤাāχ English grammar āĻ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āϚাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ case āχ āφāϞোāϚিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।


Nominative case:

āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•োāύ noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻ•āϰ্āϤা āϰুāĻĒে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Nominative case āĻŦāϞে।

Nominative āĻ•ে āĻĒেāϤে āĻšāϞে āĻ•্āϰি⧟াāĻ•ে āĻ•ে(who) āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•ি(what) āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰ।

- Amreen goes to school. āĻ•ে(who) āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞে āϝা⧟?


āĻāĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc Nominative case āϰূāĻĒে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে noun - Amreen goes to school.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে pronoun – He visited Sirajganj.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে adjective – The poor live from hand to mouth.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে infinitive – To err is human.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে gerund – Walking is a good exercise.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে verbal noun – The reading of newspaper is a good habit.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে phrase – A man of letters came here.

Nominative āϰূāĻĒে clause – What he says is known to all.


Objective case:

āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•োāύ noun āĻŦা pronoun āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āϰুāĻĒে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে Nominative case āĻŦāϞে।

Objective āĻ•ে āĻĒেāϤে āĻšāϞে āĻ•্āϰি⧟াāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻ•ে(whom) āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•ি(what) āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰ।

- Rahi reads a book. (Rahi āĻ•ি āĻĒ⧜āĻ›ে? - book)

- The horse kicked the boy. (āĻ•াāĻ•ে kick āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে? – the boy)


Objective case āĻĻুāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ:


Accusative case- āĻ•োāύ sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻি āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻŦাāϚāĻ• noun – verb āĻāϰ object āϰূāĻĒে āĻŦāϏে, āϤāĻŦে āϤাāĻ•ে Accusative case āĻŦāϞে।

- He bought a car. (car āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻŦাāϚāĻ• noun)


Dative case – āĻ•োāύ sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• noun – verb āĻāϰ object āϰূāĻĒে āĻŦāϏে, āϤāĻŦে āϤাāĻ•ে Dative case āĻŦāϞে।

- I like the man. (The man āĻŦ্āϝেāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• noun)


āĻāĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc Objective case āϰূāĻĒে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে noun – He reads the Quran.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে pronoun – We called him.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে adjective – He helps the poor.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে infinitive – I want to sleep.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে verbal noun – I like the playing of cricket.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে phrase – I met a man of parts.

Objective case āϰূāĻĒে clause – I know how he did it.


Possessive case:

āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻŦোāĻা⧟। āĻāϟি “āĻ•াāϰ” āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻে⧟।

- This is Rahi’s book. (āĻ•াāϰ āĻŦāχ- Rahi āĻāϰ)

- These are Shakespeare’s plays.(āĻ•াāϰ āύাāϟāĻ• - Shakespeare’s āĻāϰ)


Formation of Possessive case:


1. āĻļেāώে ‘s’ āĻŦিāĻšীāύ singular noun āĻāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Apostrophe āĻ“ S (’s) āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāϟা āϜীāĻŦিāϤ noun āĻāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- Shihab’s book, Kabir’s pen, mother’s glass, baby’s toy.


2. āĻļেāώে ‘s’ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ singular noun āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻļুāϧু Apostrophe āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻ–াāύে āϏ-āϧ্āĻŦāύি āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϝেāĻŽāύ- Jesus’ speech, Brutass’ car, Keates’ poem.


3. āĻļেāώে ‘s’ āĻŦিāĻšীāύ plural noun āĻāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Apostrophe āĻ“ S (’s) āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- women’s co-operative, children’s park, men’s dress, people’s republic.


4. āĻļেāώে ‘s’ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ plural noun āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে āĻļুāϧু Apostrophe āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- boys’ school, girls’ school, sailors’ cap, brothers’ garden.


5. Compound noun āĻāϰ āĻļেāώে Apostrophe āĻ“ S (’s) āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- brother-in-law’s home, Inspector-general’s office.


6. And āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• noun āϝৌāĻĨ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻļেāώেāϰ noun āϟিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে (’s) āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- Rahi and Kabir's flat. Sami and Rahi’s mother.


7. āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে (’s) āĻŦāϏি⧟ে āĻŦা āϤাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে of āĻŦāϏি⧟ে Possessive āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ- Rakib’s hen or The hen of Rakib. Rahi’s goat or the goat of Rahi.


8. āĻ…āϚেāϤāύ āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে (’s) āύা āĻŦāϏি⧟ে of āĻŦāϏি⧟ে Possessive āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ-


Incorrect – The Chair’s legs are broken.

Correct – The legs of chair are broken.


9. āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļāĻ• noun āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে (s’) āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে Possessive āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϝেāĻŽāύ – Five days’ leave, A yard’s length.


Vocative case:

Go there, Rahi. May I come in sir.

āωāĻĒāϰেāϰ sentence āĻĻুāϟিāϤে Rahim and sir āĻĻুāϟি noun āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϞা āφāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–াāύে noun āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āϤাāχ Vocative case। āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨা⧟ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে noun āĻāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻ•াāωāĻ•ে āĻ•ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϞে āϤাāϰ Vocative case āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ•ে nominative address āĻŦা case of address āĻ“ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ।


āϝেāĻŽāύ – Sister, could I take your book?

Good bye, mother.

Come here.


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