Modifier
Modifier: āĻļাāĻŦ্āĻĻিāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে Modifier āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻুāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļāĻাāϰী āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖāĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻুāĻ্āĻāĻে āĻŦুāĻাā§| āĻিāύ্āϤু English Grammar Modifier āĻোāύো āĻিāĻু āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύāĻাāϰী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ।Modifier- Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ Word- āĻেāĻ Modify āĻāϰে|
Definition: āϝে word āĻŦা phrase- Noun, Adjective, verb āĻāĻŦং Adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻ āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻĻেāϰāĻে Modify āĻāϰে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϝāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে, āϤাāĻে Modifier āĻŦāϞে|
đģ Phrase: (Phrase āĻšāĻ্āĻে group of words (āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻুāĻ্āĻ āϝাāϰ āĻোāύ finite verb āĻĨাāĻে āύা| āĻ āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻে, Clause āĻšāĻ্āĻে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ āϝাāϰ Subject āĻ finite verb āϰā§েāĻে|)
The girl wearing a diamond necklace is very rich.
Sheikh Hasina is a skilled orator (āĻŦāĻ্āϤা).
The crow swiftly went to the jar.
We have to work hard to shine in life.
Determiner, Adjective, Adverb āĻāĻŦং Noun, Modifier āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে|
Modifier āĻĻুāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ : 1. Pre-modifier 2. Post-modifier
đģ Pre-modifier: Pre āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে| āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ, āϝে Modifier- Noun āĻŦা Noun Phrase, Adjective, verb āĻāĻŦং Adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে Modify āĻāϰে, āϤাāĻে Pre-modifier āĻŦāϞে| āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ, Pre-modifier- Noun Phrase āĻāϰ Head word āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং Determiner āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϏে|
Pakistan army swooped on armless Bangalee in 1971.
The sleeping puppy is so cute.
đģPost-modifier: Post āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒāĻŦে| āϤাāĻ āϝে Modifier-Noun āĻŦা Noun Phrase, Adjective, verb āĻāĻŦং Adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে Modify āĻāϰে, āϤাāĻে Post Modifier āĻŦāϞে|
There is nothing abnormal in report.
Pre-modifiers
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Noun, adjective, verb āĻāĻŦং adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে Pre-modifiers āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§।
Structure: Modifiers + noun/adjective/verb/adverb
●●●Modifier āĻļিāĻুāύ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻĒাā§ে, āĻāĻŦাāϰ English Grammar āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻাāĻে āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ āϏāĻšāĻ।
HSC āϤে modifier āύিā§ে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাā§ āĻĒāϰে āύি āĻāĻŽāύ student āĻুāĻে āĻĒাāĻā§া āĻāĻ িāύ। āĻāĻāĻেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒোāϏ্āĻ āϝāĻĻি āĻেāĻ āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ āĻĻিā§ে & āύোāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĒā§ে āϤাāĻšāϞে modifier āĻĒাāύি āĻšā§ে āϝাāĻŦে। ā§Ŧ-ā§ āĻা āĻšāĻŦেāĻ। vocabulary āϤে āĻĻāĻ্āώ āĻšāϞে āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšāĻŦে। modifier āĻ āϝাāĻā§াāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻāĻু basic grammar āύিā§ে āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻāϰি āϤাāĻšāϞে modifier āĻŦুāĻāϤে āϏāĻšāĻ āĻšāĻŦে।
ā§§) āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ Adjective, Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে। āĻাāĻি āĻŦাংāϞাā§ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻেāϞে Adjective āĻŽাāύে āĻĒাāĻŽ āĻŽাāϰা, āĻাāĻে āĻĒাāĻŽ āĻŽাāϰা?? noun āĻে। āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ āĻĻোāώ, āĻুāύ, āϏংāĻ্āϝা āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰা।
example : Arony is a cute girl.
āĻāĻাāύো girl āĻে āĻĒাāĻŽ āĻŽাāϰāϤেāĻে cute, āϏুāϤāϰাং āĻāĻাāύে cute "Adjective."
⧍) āϏাāϧাāϰāύāϤ Adverb, Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻি āϏāĻŦ āĻাā§āĻাā§ āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ verb āĻāϰ āĻāĻে, āĻĒāϰে, noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে, āĻāĻŽāύāĻি Adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻ Adverb āĻŦāϏāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻĨাā§ Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻি āϏāĻŦ āĻাā§āĻাā§।
example : She laughs loudly.
āĻāĻাāύে "laughs" verb āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ "loudly" Adverb āĻŦāϏে verb āĻে āĻোāϰ āĻĻিāĻ্āĻে āĻŽাāύে modify āĻāϰāĻে।
★Modifier āĻী???
āϝে word āĻŦা phrase(āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻুāĻ্āĻ) āĻোāύ noun āĻŦা verb āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āĻ noun āĻŦা verb āĻে modify āĻāϰে
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§, āĻ noun āĻŦা verb āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে āϤাāĻে modifier āĻŦāϞে।
****Specific uses of Modifier:
★ Pre modify the noun : pre āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে। noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻী āĻŦāϏে?? āĻāĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϞāĻিāϞাāĻŽ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে?? Adjective āĻŦāϏে। āϤাāĻ pre modify the noun āĻĨাāĻāϞে Adjective āĻšāĻŦে।
example : Rakib was a...........( pre modify the noun) poet.
āĻāĻাāύে adjective āĻŦāϏāĻŦে āĻŽাāύে āĻĒাāĻŽ āĻŽাāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে, āĻŽাāύে। famous/ noble āĻšāĻŦে।
★pre modify the Adjective/Verb/Adverb: āĻāĻĒāϰে āĻি āĻŦāϞāĻিāϞাāĻŽ āĻŽāύে āĻāĻে??? Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻি āϏāĻŦ āĻাā§āĻাā§ Adverb āĻŦāϏে। āϤাāĻ pre modify the
Adjective/Verb/Adverb āĻĨাāĻāϞে Adverb āĻšāĻŦে।
example : She..........(pre modifythe verb) got idea.
āĻāĻাāύে Adverb āĻšāĻŦে, āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ্āϝাā§ verb āĻে āĻোāϰ āĻĻিāϤে modify āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। suddenly /quickly āĻšāĻŦে।
★post modify the Adjective/Verb/Adverb: post
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒāϰে। āĻāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤোāĻ noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাā§া āĻŦাāĻি āϏāĻŦ āĻাā§āĻাā§Adverb āĻŦāϏে।
example : Abid can write......( post modify the verb)
āĻāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤোāĻ Adverb āĻšāĻŦে, verb āĻে modify āĻāϰāĻŦে। āϤাāĻ quickly /beautifully āĻšāĻŦে।
āύোāĻ āĻāϰে āύিāϤে āĻĒাāϰো:
**pre modify the noun→ Adjective.
**pre modify the adjective/verb/Adverb→ Adverb.
**post modify the Adjective/verb/Adverb→ Adverb.
*****pre modify the noun with...............
★possessive → my, him, her, their, our,its (sentence āĻāϰ subject āĻি pronoun āĻāϰ āϝে āĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে sentence āĻāϰ possessive adjective āĻি āĻāĻāĻ āĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ āĻšāĻŦে) āĻি āĻŦুāĻ āύাāĻ?? example āĻĻিāϞে āĻ্āϞিā§াāϰ āĻšāĻŦে।
example: You can not complete........(pre modify the noun with possessive) studies.
āĻāĻাāύে sentence āĻāϰ subject You. You āĻāϰ possessive āĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ your. āϤাāĻ your āĻšāĻŦে।
★Gerund→ (verb+ing)
★Infinitive→ (To + V1)
★present participle→( verb+ ing)
★past participle→V3
★ Demostrative →this,that( singular noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে) these, those(plural noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে)
example: She found..........(use a demostrative
to pre modify the noun) jug too heavy.
āĻāĻাāύে āϝেāĻšুāϤু jug singular āϤাāĻ this āĻšāĻŦে।
★phrase → A group of word that contains no verb
★Appositive→ A group of word that must reflect the Noun/pronoun
★Intensifier→very
★Quantifier→some,few,many( countable noun)
some, much,little( uncountable noun)
example :they have................ (use quantifier pre modify the noun) money.
āĻāĻাāύে money uncountable noun āϤাāĻ much āĻšāĻŦে।
✴️Pre-modifier-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻĻেāĻাāύো āĻšāϞোঃ
1. Adjective as Pre-modifier: āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে noun āĻŦা noun phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻāĻāĻি adjective āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻ্āϤ noun-āĻে modify āĻāϰে। Adjective-āĻāϰ āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻে attributive use āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Mim gave him a nice pen.
(b) It was an attractive football-match.
2. Noun as Pre-modifier:
āĻ āύেāĻ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে noun-āĻ noun-āĻে modify āĻāϰে। āϝāĻāύ āĻĻুāĻি noun āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦāϏে, āϤāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun-āĻি āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় noun-āĻিāĻে modify āĻāϰে। āĻĢāϞে, āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun-āĻি noun āĻšāϝ়েāĻ adjective-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Faisal went to a book fair.
(b) I have bought a book about science fiction.
(c) Trade Fair should be open to all.
3.Demonostratives as Pre-modifier:
Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে Demonostrative Pronoun āĻুāϞো Pre-modifier āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে ।
a) This book is mine.
** Participle as Pre-modifier:
āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি, participle āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা adjective āĻিংāĻŦা adverb-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĨাāĻে। Participle āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āϝা pre-modifier āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻāĻুāϞো āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒঃ
4. Present Participle as Pre-modifier:
āĻāĻি verb-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ present participle-āĻি noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) He saw a running bus
(b) A barking dog seldom bites.
(c) A drowning man catches at a straw.
5. Past Participle as Pre-modifier:
āĻāĻি verb-āĻāϰ past participle form āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ past participle-āĻি noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) It was a written document.
(b) He has bought some rotten fishes.
(c) The signed letter was not sent.
6.Perfect Participle (Phrase) as Pre-modifier:
āĻāĻি having + verb-āĻāϰ past participle form + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ perfect participle phrase-āĻি āĻোāύ clause-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻ্āϤ clause-āĻিāĻে modify āĻāϰে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাāϤ্ āĻāĻি adverb-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Having defeated the soldiers, the Captain sent them to prison.
(b) Having taken her meal, Naomi went to college.
(c) Having married, Nishat went abroad with her husband.
7. Determiner as Pre-modifier: Determiner āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা noun-āĻে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ article (a, an, the) āĻāĻŦং demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those) āĻুāϞো determiner āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšূāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϝা noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Mitu purchased a mobile.
(b) The Jamuna is a big river.
(c) She bought that pen yesterday.
(d) Those players were playing in the field.
8. Quantifier as Pre-modifier: Quantifier āĻšāϞো noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ (quantity) āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ। Singular non-countable noun-āĻāϰ quantifier āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ much, little, a little, a great/good/vast/little amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less, some, adequate, enough āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻŦং plural countable noun-āĻāϰ quantifier āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ many, some, few, a great/good number of, a lot of, a lot, three, ten, more, less, several, adequate, enough āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦāϏে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) She bought ten books from the book fair.
(b) I don’t spend much money unnecessarily.
(c) Many students attended the seminar.
(d) Salman F. Rahman has a lot of money.
9. Compound as Pre-modifier: āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦা āϤāϤোāϧিāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϝোāĻে compound āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϝা noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। Age-old, brand-new, school-going, out-of-order, out-dated, out-of-date, old-fashioned, back-dated, so-called, far-sighted, long-sighted, first-class, new-bo, long-term, short-term, quickly-done, slowly-passing, multi-coloured, multi-storeyed, cash-paid, newly-emerged, above-mentioned, well-constructed, well-paid, well-designed, well-known āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞিāϤ āĻāϤāĻুāϞো compound. āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Nibir has purchased a brand-new car.
(b) A hard-working man can prosper in life.
(c) His father possesses a back-dated idea.
(d) The govt. has given long-term loan to the poor.
10. Possessive as Pre-modifier: Possessive āĻšāϞো my, your, his, her, our, their, its, own, Karim’s, Shamima’s āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϝা noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Her brother is an MBBS.
(b) I have already got your idea.
(c) Everybody knows its price.
11. Adverb as Pre-modifier: Adverb āĻšāϞো below, under, above, up, down, very, fast, last, early, late, then āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϝা noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϤāĻŦে quickly, slowly, extremely, very, fast, last, soon, late, early, instantly, today, yesterday, here, there āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি adverb āĻোāύ verb, adjective, adverb āĻিংāĻŦা āĻĒুāϰো sentence-āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻŦāϏে adverb-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) The then Principal signed this letter.
(b) The down train will go there.
(c) The above passage is very difficult.
(d) This is the very man you like to meet.
(e) The last man has already left the place.
(f) That question was very important.
(g) The lady walks extremely slowly.
(h) It is a quickly increasing market.
(i) Instantly he left the place.
(j) There she was waiting for him eagerly.
B. Post-modifier: āϝে modifier āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻোāύ noun āĻŦা noun phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে āϤাāĻে post-modifier āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύঃ Keya has bought a book written by Nazrul. āĻāĻাāύে written by Nazrul āĻāĻ past participle phrase-āĻি book-āĻে modify āĻāϰেāĻে; āĻĢāϞে written by Nazrul āĻšāϞো post-modifier.
āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ Post-modifiers:
āύিāĻŽ্āύে āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ post-modifier-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻĻেāĻাāύো āĻšāϞোঃ
1. Adjective / Adjective Phrase as Post-modifier: āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে noun āĻŦা noun phrase-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻāĻāĻি adjective / adjective phrase āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻ্āϤ noun-āĻে modify āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) We made the room decorative.
(b) He did not find anything wrong in her behaviour.
(c) All the students present in the class protested the proposal.
2. Appositive as Post-modifier: āϝāĻāύ āĻĻুāĻি noun āĻŦা noun phrase āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦāϏে āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖিāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāϝ় āϤāĻāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় noun/noun phrase-āĻিāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun/noun phrase-āĻিāϰ appositive āĻŦা case in apposition āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ্āϝ āϝে, āĻāĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় noun/noun phrase-āĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun/noun phrase āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) Babor, emperor of Delhi, was a pious man.
(b) Mr. Rohan, the General Manager, is attending the party today.
(c) Everybody knows Kazi Nazrul Islam, a great poet in Bengali literature.
3. Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Participle/Participle phrase āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা adjective āĻিংāĻŦা adverb-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĨাāĻে। Participle/Participle phrase āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āϝা pre-modifier-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো post-modifier āĻšিāϏেāĻŦেāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻāĻুāϞো āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒঃ
(i) Present Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Verb-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে present participle āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻŦাāϰ, verb-āĻāϰ base form-āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing + āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻিāϝ়ে present participle phrase āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻ present participle (phrase)-āĻি noun/pronoun-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āĻŦāϏে adjective-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻāϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ-
(a) We found the boys playing.
(b) The man lying on the floor is a patient.
(c) He saw her going to market.
Read the following text and use modifiers as directed is the blank spaces.
As his reputation (a)——( post-modify the noun) soared higher and higher, fate followed (b)——( post-modify the verb). Stephen (c)——( pre-modify the verb) started losing control over the muscles of his body (d)——( post-modify the verb). (e)———( pre-modify the verb), he has been confined to a wheel chair with no power (f)——( post-modify the noun). He can speak (g)——( post-modify the verb) with a voice synthesiser (h)——(post-modify the noun). But Stephen is still a (i)——( pre-modify the noun) worker, using his computer (j)——( post-modify the verb).
Ans: a) as a great scientist b) with less rewarding things c) gradually d) as he gradually became a victim of Gehrig’s disease e) since the age of thirty f)to control his body g) only through a computer h) that converts his messages into sounds i) relentless j) to carry out research work.
I experienced a very interesting incident
(a)——( post-modify the verb) on my way to Sirajganj. My friend Rahi (b)——(post-modify the noun with an appositive) was driving. A cow was crossing the road but suddenly in the middle of the road it stopped and remained standing. In a minute Rahi had to change his course but he did not have (c)——-( pre-modify the noun) time and space to do that. Rahi tried to turn in the left when the cow too walked
(d)——-( post-modify the verb) back a few steps. To save (e)——( use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) cow Rahi had to move in the right. He lost his control and bumped the car with a (f)——( use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) tree. (g)——( use a participle to pre-modify the verb). Rahi was shocked but he was (h)—-( use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) happy (i)——-( use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). He patted the (j)——-(pre-modify the noun) cow and burst into laughter.
Ans: a) last week on my way to Sirajganj b)a famous athlete was driving c) enough d) slowly e) that f) jackfruit tree g) seeing the damage in his new car h) very happy i) to save the cow j) naughty
Prepared by: Noor E Alam
University of Dhaka
āĻŦীāϰāĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ āύূāϰ āĻŽোāĻšাāĻŽ্āĻŽāĻĻ āĻĒাāĻŦāϞিāĻ āϏ্āĻুāϞ āĻ ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻāϞেāĻ
Former teacher, BIT, Gulshan
& South Point School, English Version
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