Letter to pen friend

 

Write a letter to your pen friend describing about the natural beauty of your country.

My dear Catherine, 

At the top of the letter my cordial greetings to you. I hope you are keeping well. You have wanted to know about the natural beauty of our country in your last letter. Bangladesh is a land of natural beauty. It is the blessed child of nature. Numerous trees of different sizes have enhanced the beauty of the country. Fruits and flowers are special gifts here. They have added the beauty to the country offering their varied colors, sweet smell, and charm. The splendid Cox’s Bazar, the tea garden of Sylhet, the series of hills at Chittagong, the Sundarbans. the St. Martins Island etc. are the famous tourist attractions in Bangladesh.

I am really proud of being born in such a beautiful country. You are always welcome to our country. No more today. Give me all about New york in your next letter.

Yours ever,

Tanisha

IELTS speaking

 

New IELTS Speaking questions from Australia - February 2024

Speaking test

Part 1 (Interview)

- What is your name?

- Do you have many friends?

- Do you like chatting with your friends?

- Do you prefer talking to your friends face to face or on the phone?

- Do you like sending or receiving text messages on your phone?

- Do you like sweets and cakes?

- What's your favorite type of cake or sweet, and why?

- Have you ever prepared a cake by yourself?

- On what occasions do people in your culture usually prepare sweets or cakes?

Part 2 (Cue Card)

Talk about a time you used a map. You should say

- when it was

- where it was

- what kind of map you used

and explain how helpful the map was and why.

Part 3 (Discussion)

- Have you ever got lost somewhere?

- What would you do if you got lost in the city?

- Can getting lost have any positive outcomes? If so, what are they?

- Would you ask for help if you got lost?

- Why do you think some people won't ask for help when they are lost?

- Do you think younger and older people behave differently when they get lost? Why?

Writing task 2 IELTS

 This writing task 2 question has been recently seen in IELTS in India. 

The essay below is a good example of a Band 8 response.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people say that too much attention and resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.

You should write at least 250 words.

Sample Band 8 Essay

In recent years, the increasing allocation of resources for the protection of wild animals and birds has given rise to the question of whether or not it is justified. While some argue that these efforts are crucial for maintaining biodiversity, others believe that the resources and attention dedicated to this cause are excessive. Personally, I think that humanity has other needs that are equally worthy of funding.

The first point to consider is that the disproportionate focus on wildlife conservation often overshadows more pressing human concerns. For instance, resources allocated for the protection of a single endangered species could potentially be redirected to address urgent human needs, such as healthcare, education, or poverty alleviation. In developing countries, where resources are particularly scarce, the choice to prioritise wildlife over critical human issues can be especially problematic. For example, in some African nations, vast sums are invested in protecting certain wildlife species, while basic human necessities remain unmet for a significant portion of the population.

Furthermore, excessive focus on wildlife protection can lead to unintended negative consequences for local communities. Often, conservation efforts involve restricting access to natural resources that communities have traditionally relied upon, leading to economic hardships. In parts of Asia, for instance, the establishment of protected areas for tigers has sometimes resulted in the displacement of indigenous communities or restrictions on their access to forest resources, which are vital for their livelihoods. Not only does this create conflict between humans and wildlife, but it also raises ethical questions about the fairness of such conservation strategies.

In conclusion, while the protection of wild animals and birds is unquestionably important, striking a balance is crucial. The current overemphasis on wildlife conservation, often at the expense of addressing human needs and respecting the rights of local communities, suggests a need for rethinking. A sustainable approach should consider both environmental and human factors equally.

Abstract noun

 

Suffix	Word	Sentence
-tion	Presentation, Education	The presentation was very slick Education is the chief defense of nations.
-ment	Treatment, Government	No one receives special treatment. The government should take the necessary steps
-ness	Happiness, Sweetness	Happiness takes no account of time What he said dripped with false sweetness.
-ship	Studentship, Friendship	I was fortunate enough to obtain a research studentship at Stanford. Friendship is love with understanding
-ism	Marxism, Journalism	The proletariat must possess the truth of Marxism My son’s planning to go into journalism
-or	Actor, Tutor	The actor is well known to us Her tutor teaches her at home
-er	Worker, Writer	He is a tireless worker He is an editorial writer
-my	Academy, Army	This is an academy of music The army experts made the bomb safe
-nce	Independence, Innocence	Bangladesh gained its independence in 1971 She still professes her innocence
-ure	Future, Pleasure	Fear not the future; weep not for the past Pleasure has a sting in its tail

Pronoun

 

Pronoun কাকে বলে? কত প্রকার ও কী কী?

Pronoun এর বাংলা প্রতিশব্দ 'সর্বনাম'। এটি একধরণের Parts of speech. 

A Pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun. 

যেমন, Amreen is a good student. She is in class 3. (Amreen- এর পরিবর্তে she একটি Pronoun)

তাই বলা যায়, Noun- এর পরিবর্তে যেসব Word ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাদেরকে Pronoun বলে।

Pronoun কত প্রকার? 

 Pronoun -কে English Grammarian -রা আট ভাগে বিভক্ত করেন। এগুলো হলো, 

1. Personal Pronoun 

2. Reflexive Pronoun & Emphatic Pronoun 

3. Indefinite Pronoun 

4. Relative Pronoun 

5. Demonstrative Pronoun 

6. Interrogative Pronoun 

7. Distributive Pronoun 

8. Reciprocal Pronoun 

* Emphatic Pronoun কে intensive pronoun ও বলা হয়। 

1. Personal Pronoun 

কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নামের পরিবর্তে যে Pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাকে Personal Pronoun বলে। যথা:

Tajbir took the book and opened it.  

Book বোঝাতে it ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে 

He rang Ria and invited her. 

Ria -কে বোঝাতে her ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে ।

Why are you crying, Milon? 

Milon -কে বোঝাতে You ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে 

My uncle is fat. He weighs over 90 kg. 

My uncle-এর পরিবর্তে he ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে ।

Person অনুসারে Personal Pronoun-কে আবার তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা যায় । যথা: (i). Subject Pronoun (ii). Object Pronoun (iii) Possessive pronoun

(i) Subject Pronoun:

যে Pronoun গুলো কোন বাক্যে Subject হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় সেগুলোকে Subject Pronouns বলে।যেমন: I know the girl. We are friends. He is a brilliant student ইত্যাদি। এখানে I, We, He এগুলো Subject Pronouns 

(ii). Object pronoun: 

যে Pronoun গুলো বাক্যে Object হিসাবে বসে সেগুলোকে Object Pronouns বলে। যেমন: We like him. I know her. ইত্যাদি। এখানে him, her হল Object Pronouns

(iii). Possessive Pronouns:

কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মালিকানা প্রকাশের জন্য যে Pronoun গুলো ব্যবহার করা হয় সেগুলোকে Possessive Pronounsবলে। যথা: 

This pen is yours/ his/ hers/ mine/ ours/ theirs. এখানে yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs এগুলো Possessive Pronouns 

2. Demonstrative pronoun: 

যে Pronoun গুলো Noun এর আগে বসে উহার, এটি, ওটি, এগুলো ইত্যাদি নির্দেশ করে তাকে Demonstrative Pronoun বলে। যেমন: this, that, These, those, such ইত্যাদি।

Examples:This is my pen.That was my laptop.These are my toys.Those are our books.

3. Interrogative pronoun:

যে Pronoun গুলো  দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করা হয় সে Pronoun গুলোকে Interrogative Pronoun বলে। যেমন: Which, Who, What, Whose, Whom ইত্যাদি।

Examples:Which of these books will you buy? Whom are you calling? Who came first in the class?

4. Indefinite pronoun:

যে Pronoun দ্বারা বিশেষ কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে না বুঝিয়ে অনির্দিষ্ট কোন ব্যাক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তখন তাকে Indefinite Pronoun বলে । যেমন : Anyone, Somewhere, Anybody, Anyway ইত্যাদি ।

5. Distributive Pronoun:

যে সকল Pronoun একজাতীয় একাধিক Noun- এর মধ্যে কোনো কিছুকে পৃথক করা বোঝায়, সেগুলোকে Distributive Pronoun বলা হয়। যথা: 

Each: Each boy will get a prize.

Either: Either of the two girls is intelligent.

Neither: Neither of the statements is false.

Each: Each boy will get a prize.

Either: Either of the two girls is intelligent.

Neither: Neither of the statements is false.

6. Relative pronoun:

যে Pronoun কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর পরে বসে আবার ঐ একই ব্যক্তি/বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে সে Pronoun কে Relative Pronoun বলে।অন্যকথায়, Relative Pronoun গুলো দুটি Clause কে যুক্ত করে। 

যেমন: I know the boy  whom you love. (এখান Whom– relative pronoun টি The girl এর পরে বসে আবার the girl কে নির্দেশ করুছে। তাই এটি Relative Pronoun)

আরো কিছু Relative Pronoun:  which, whose, who, That, whom, where ইত্যাদি।

7. Reflexive pronoun:

Personal Pronoun এর সংগে self বা selves যুক্ত হয়ে এই Pronoun টি Object হিসেবে কাজ করে একই সাথে Subject কেও নির্দেশ করে তখন তাকে Reflexive Pronoun বলে।  

যেমন: He killed himself.  (He হলো personal pronoun, এর সাথে self যুক্ত হয়ে object এর স্থানে আছে এবং একই সাথে Subject কেও নির্দেশ করছে।)

আরো কিছু Reflexive Pronouns: Himself, myself, herself, themselves ইত্যাদি।

8. Reciprocal pronoun:

যে Pronoun দ্বারা দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক/পরস্পরকে বুঝায় তাকে Reciprocal Pronoun বলে । 

যেমন : Each other, One another ইত্যাদি হল Reciprocal Pronoun.

**Intensive pronoun:/ Emphatic Pronoun:

অন্য কোন Noun বা Pronoun এর উপরে গুরত্ব প্রদান করার জন্য যে সকল pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাদেরকে Intensive pronoun/ Emphatic Pronoun বলা হয়। Reflexive pronoun এবং intensive pronoun দেখতে একই রকম কিন্তু intensive pronoun বাক্যে object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় না ।যেমন: Himself, myself, ourselves,  herself, themselves ইত্যাদি।

He, himself did the work.

বি:দ্র: বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় Pronouns থেকে প্রায়ই প্রশ্ন এসে থাকে।

Happy learning 😀 HOPELAND