Wednesday, July 22, 2020

English 2nd paper HSC

Remarkable: At first try to answer each question of the model test yourself. Then compare to the answer given. I believe that will be the most effective practice and preparation. 

1. Fill in the blanks in the following text with articles as necessary. Some of the blanks may not require an article. Put a cross (×) in those blanks.                                                               .5×10=5

Truthfulness is a) ------- greatest of all b) ------- virtues which makes c) ------- man really great. If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking d) ------- truth, we cannot command e) ------- confidence of others. f) ------- man whom nobody believes can never be great in life. We might succeed once or twice by telling g) ------- lie but it never brings a god result. h) -------lie never lies hidden. Today or tomorrow if comes to light. Then i) -------real character of j) ------- liar is revealed and nobody believes him.
Answer:  a) the        b) × / the         c) a        d) the         e) the      f) The / A         g) a        h) A             i) the       j) a/the                                                                            

2. Complete the text with suitable prepositions:                                                                 .5×10=5
I am glad to receive your letter. You have wanted to know a) --------  the picnic that we made. I am now writing b) -------- you about it. It was summer vacation. Our college was closed. I c) -------- some of my friends arranged a picnic. We selected Sonargaon d-------- the picnic spot. It is some twenty miles from Dhaka. We got e) --------- the bus f-------- about  10am g) --------- all necessary utensils and materials. h-------- reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast i-------- about 10:30 am. We did not take any cook j-------- us.

Answer: a) about     b) to    c) with   d) for   e) into   f) at  g) with  h)  After / On   i) at   j) with

3. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases / words given in the box.                           .5×10=5
was born
it
has to
would rather
let alone
as soon as
there
what’s it like
had better
as if

a) He is sick. He ----- stay at home than go to the picnic.
b) He has never travelled by air, ------- in the sky?
c) I went there to meet with him. -------- I saw him, I rushed to talk to him.
d) Jordan’s father is a low paid service holder. He has no ability to buy a bicycle  -----  a motorcycle.
e) She looks very anxious. So, she -------- take rest.
f) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ----- he knew the ins and outs of the incident.
g) Alex feels pain in his chest. He ------- go to the hospital to meet with the doctor.
h) ------- is nothing but a primary school in our village.
i) Tagore ------- in 1861. He was awarded the Noble Prize for literature in 1913.
j) Let’s go to the playground, ------- is not worth waiting any longer.

Answer:   a) would rather           b) what’s it like       c) as soon as           d) let alone            e) has to        f) as if                     g) had better         h)  There          i) was born               j) it

4. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses / phrases.                                                 .5×10=5 
a) I study medicine so that ------- .
b) Unity is strength. United we stand, -------.
c) The poor man knocked at my door. He came to me with a view to ------ .
d) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for ----------
e) Mr. Zafor is very hard-working. If the bank gives him loan, he -------- .
f) Do not worry about Jim. He ------ after he has finished his study.
g) She went to market yesterday. Had you requested her, she  --------.
 h) Time has its wings. It was five years since we ------------- .
i) We had to walk through a jungle. We saw a snake while ------ .
j) Everybody will go to the graveyard after death. A graveyard is a place .......... .

Answer:   a) I can be a medicine specialist.         b) divided we fall.          c) getting some food.  / getting help.                 d) me to carry.                    e) can be self-sufficient / can be self-reliant/ can be affluent.               f) will come back / will return.         g) would  have helped you.            h) had met.   i) were walking         j) where the dead people are buried.

5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5                             
A teacher is often a) ------- (compare) with an architect. He b) ------- (call) the architect of a nation. He plays an important role in c) ------- (build) a nation. He d) ------- (make) the illiterate people worthy citizens of our country. But it is a matter of regret that the teachers are not e) ------- (hold) in high respect in our society. They f) -------  (lead) a humble life in the  midst of want. Still they g) ------ (keep) the light of education h) ------- (burn) in order to i) ------- (remove) the darkness of illiteracy and superstition from the society. It is high time we j) ------- (change) our attitude towards the teacher.

Answer:  a) compared             b) is called               c) building                 d) makes                  e) held  f) leads / has to lead                g) are keeping           h) burning                 i) remove           j) changed

6. Read the text and change the sentences as directed.                                                                 1×5=5                                                                                             
We are very proud of our freedom fighters. a) They fought for the country with a patriotic zeal. (make it compound)        b) They are the most courageous sons of our nation. (make it positive) c) Everybody admires and respects them greatly. (make it passive) d) Nobody denies their contribution to their motherland. (make it interrogative without changing its meaning) e) They will never be forgotten by their countrymen to the end. (make it affirmative)

Answer:  a) They are patriots and fought for the country.  or, They had a patriotic zeal and fought for the  country.     b) No other son of our nation is as courageous as they.              c)  They are greatly admired and respected by everybody.                d) Does anybody deny their contribution to their motherland? or Who denies their contribution to their motherland?     e) They will always be remembered by their countrymen to the end.

7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches:                                                                      5
“Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?” asked the passer-by. “I am crying because I have none to look after me,” said the street boy. “Are you hungry?” “Yes, I am,” said the boy.

Answer:   The passer-by asked the street boy why he (street boy) was crying and again asked if he (street boy) had any problem.  The street boy said /answered / replied that he was crying because he had none to look after him.  Then the passer-by asked if he (street boy) was hungry.  The boy replied in the affirmative that he was hungry.

8. Identify the unclear pronoun reference in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentence so that all pronoun reference.                                                                                       .5×10=5
A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. He said to him,” Look, my friend. I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” He was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. He said to himself, “One thousand taka is a lot of money.” He could not think where to keep the money. He did not find any safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept it there.

Answer:   A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. He said to the farmer,” Look, my friend. I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” the farmer was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. The farmer said to himself, “One thousand taka is a lot of money.” The farmer could not think where to keep the money. He did not find any safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. 

9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank space:                      .5×10=5
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a a) ---- (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote b) ------ (post modify the verb) in every breach of Bengali literature. Nazrul c) ---- (use an appositive) won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of d) ---- (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs e) ------ (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are f) ----- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali literature g) ------ (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched h) ------- (use a noun adjective) literature. He was i) ----- (use an article) secular poet. He sang songs of equality j) ---- (use an adverb phrase).

Answer:   a) great / renowned / famous / noble         b) almost           c)  the poor boy / the national poet / the rebel poet          d) his           e) to inspire the nation / to encourage the people       f) very    g) greatly /immensely       h) Bengali                 i) a        j) in this way.

10. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage:     .5×10=5
Honesty is a noble virtue. The man a) ------ possesses this rare quality is the happiest man on earth. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness b) ------ nobody trusts a liar. A liar may prosper for the time being. c) ------- ultimately he goes to the dogs.  d) -----we should be honest. It is said that honesty is the best policy e) -------- dishonesty is the sign of downfall. God helps those who are honest. f) ------ dishonest people are cursed. Childhood is the best time g) ----- children should be taught honesty. It is seen that children follow their parents h) -------- parents should be honest.  i) -------  children should be allowed to mix with those f friends who are honest. j) --------- they can mould their characters.

Answer:  a) who        b) since / as / because         c)  But       d)  So / Therefore / That is why                 e) whereas / but        f) On the contrary / On the other hand          g) when  h) hence / so /and               i) Moreover / Besides        j)  Thus / In this way.

11. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed.       .5×10=5
Sincerity is the root of success of all work. One can go a long way if one does a job with sincerity. The great men are sincere because they know that sincerity is the key to success. Those who do not follow the rules of sincerity can never go a long way.  Sincerity is the secret of victory. If any work is not done in sincerity, one will never receive desirable output from it. So, we should be sincere in every walk of life.
a) success (antonym)  b) job (synonym)  c) great (antonym)   d)  because (synonym)   e) know (synonym)     f) follow (antonym)    g) rules (synonym)    h) never (antonym)  i)  victory (synonym)     j) desirable (antonym)

Answer:  a) failure         b) service / work/ employment       c) ordinary / simple       d) since / as / for  e) understand            f) disobey / violate                g) law / principle             h) always / ever            i) win / success / triumph           j)  unexpected / undesirable / unanticipated.

Prepared by Noor E Alam

Monday, July 20, 2020

4 in 1 (Paragraph, letter, application and Email)

Write an email to your pen friend describing about your native country.


From:noorbd@gmail.com
To:catherina12@gmail.com
Subject: Inviting to pay a visit to my native country.

Dear Catherina,
At the top of the mail my cordial greetings to you. I am optimistic that you are pretty fine by the grace of Almighty. I am also fine with His blessings. In your last email you wanted to know about my native country. Now I am describing about it.

The name of my country is Bangladedh. It is a small country with large population. Dhaka is its capital.  It is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Actually, Bangladesh is a riverine country. You will see vast green fields, numerous zigzag rivers through the countryside, big and small hills with beautiful tea garden, rows of trees and deep forests miles after miles. Cox’s Bazar, the largest sea beach in the world, is in our country. The world famous Royal Bengal Tiger lives in our sundarbans. The charming villages by the side of the rivers and our simple life-style and hospitality will certainly impress you. Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam and Jasim Uddin are our famous poets. The climate of our country is moderate. Most of the people of our country are Muslims. People of various religions live here in peace and harmony. You are cordially invited to pay a visit to our conutry.

No more today. I will be pleased if you describe about your conutry in your next mail. Please  convey my best regards to your parents and love to the youngers.

Your loving friend,
Noor-E Alam


Wednesday, July 15, 2020

HSC English 1st Paper

কোর্সের সংক্ষপ্তি র্বণনা

 

উচ্চমাধ্যমিক শ্রেণীর ইংরেজী পাঠ্য বইটি মূলতঃ ভাষা শিক্ষার উদ্দেশ্যে প্রণীত। এখানে সমসাময়িক ও জীবনমুখী বিষয়বস্তু দিয়ে Text সাজানো হয়েছে। এতে বর্তমান বিশ্বের সাম্প্রতিক ইস্যুগুলিকে উপস্থাপন করা হয়েছে। বর্তমান পারিপাশ্বিকতায় সমাজ, সংস্কৃতি, পরিবেশ, অর্থনীতি, প্রযুক্তি, স্বাস্থ্য, জেন্ডার ইস্যু, উন্নয়ন ইত্যাদি জরুরী বিষয়ে ধারনা দেয়ার চেষ্টা করা হয়েছে। ফলে টেক্সট বুক বোর্ড প্রণীত উচ্চমাধ্যমিক শ্রেণীর ইংরেজী পাঠ্য পুস্তকটিতে ভাষা শিক্ষার উদ্দেশ্য ছাড়াও একটি জীবনমুখী শিক্ষা প্রদানের লক্ষ্য আছে। অথচ ছাত্রছাত্রীরা এর বিষয়বস্তুকে খুব একটা গভীরভাবে পড়ে না। কিছুটা ভাসাভাসভাবে পড়ে । Text বই পড়তে গিয়ে ছাত্রছাত্রীরা এমন কিছু প্রশ্নের সম্মুখীন হয় যার উত্তর তারা পায় না।

 

যেমন- Feudal Society বা সামন্ত সমাজে নারীরা বাড়ীর বাইরে কাজ করত কি কারণে? (Unit-1 Lesson-5) শিল্পযুগে তারা আবার গৃহকোণে বন্দী হলো কেন? (Unit-1 Lesson-5) বিশ্বযুদ্ধ পরবর্তী সময়ে নারীদের জন্য বাইরের কর্মজগত আবার উন্মুক্ত হলো কিভাবে? (Unit-1 Lesson-5) কমিউনিকেটিভ ইংরেজী কি কারণে এলো? (Unit-3 Lesson-1) বিশ্বের তাপমাত্রা বৃদ্ধির সাথে পৃথিবীর নিম্নাঞ্চল ডুবে যাওয়ার সম্পর্ক কি? (Unit-6 Lesson-3)

 

প্রতিটা Text পড়তে গেলে এরকম হাজারো প্রশ্ন-নিরুত্তর। Text এর পিছনের Context না জানা থাকার কারণে Text গুলি শিক্ষার্থীদের কাছে ভাসাভাসা বা খাপছাড়া মনে হয়। ফলে তা পড়তে গিয়ে বিষয়বস্তু সম্পর্কে পূর্ণাঙ্গ ধারণা পায় না। তাতে অবশ্য পরীক্ষায় পাশ করতে কোনোই সমস্যা হয় না। কারণ পরীক্ষায় যে ধরনের প্রশ্ন আসে তাতে টেক্সট খুব গভীরভাবে না জানলেও কাজ চলে যায়। ফলে, বেশীরভাগ শিক্ষার্থীই টেক্সট এ প্রদত্ত জরুরী জীবনমুখী শিক্ষার সঠিক উপলব্ধি করতে পারে না। আবার শিক্ষকগণও শ্রেণিতে পড়ানোর সময় Text গুলির বিষয়বস্তু নিয়ে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করার মত পর্যাপ্ত সময় পান না। অথচ ইংলিশ টেক্সট বই বুঝে পড়ার গুরুত্ব অনেক। বিশেষ করে ভার্সিটির ভর্তি পরীক্ষায় ইংলিশ ফর টু-ডে বুক (১১-১২) এর গদ্য এবং কবিতা থেকে এমন কিছু প্রশ্ন আসে যার উত্তর করতে হলে প্রতিটি লেসন গভীরভাবে পড়তে হবে। এ কথাটি মনে রেখে আমরা এইচ. এস. সি শ্রেণির ইংরেজী পাঠ্য বইয়ের লেসনগুলি নিয়ে রিডিং কোর্স চালু করতে যাচ্ছি।

 

এক একটি লেসনের উপর একটি করে লেকচার সাজানো হবে। লেকচারগুলিতে অংশগ্রহণের দ্বারা ছাত্রছাত্রীরা বিষয়বস্তু সম্পর্কে গভীর ও পূর্ণাঙ্গ ধারণা পাবে। বিষয়বস্তু সম্পর্কে সর্বাঙ্গীন দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি তাদেরকে আরও আত্মবিশ্বাসী করে তুলবে। পরীক্ষায় ভাল করার জন্য বিষয়বস্তু সম্পর্কে গভীর ধারনা অবশ্যই সুফল দিবে। এই কোর্সটির ধারনাকে ৪ টি কথায় ব্যখ্যা করা যায়ঃ

 

নতুন আলোয় দেখিঃ– পাঠ্য বিষয়বস্তুকে নতুন ভাবে, আরও বিস্তৃত আঙ্গিকে উপলব্ধি করা যাবে।

পড়া এগিয়ে রাখিঃ– বিষয়বস্তু সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত জ্ঞান Advanced Reading হিসেবে গণ্য হবে। পরীক্ষায় ভাল করতে অনেক সুবিধা হবে।

ওয়ান টাইম রিডিং:– লেকচারগুলিতে অংশগ্রহণ করতে তেমন কোনো সময় ব্যয় হবে না অথচ তা টেকস্ট মনে রাখতে সহায়তা করবে অনেক। বিষয়বস্তুগুলিকে যেভাবে উপস্থাপন করা হয়েছে তাতে সেগুলি একবার পড়লেই সারাজীবন মনে থাকবে। এমন চমৎকার জীবনঘনিষ্ঠ তথ্য কখনও ভুলবার নয়।

জ্ঞান জগতে ঢুকিঃ– যেহেতু ইংরেজী বইয়ের Text গুলিতে বর্তমান বিশ্বের অতিসাম্প্রতিক ইস্যুগুলি তুলে ধরা হয়েছে তাই ঐ গুলির বিস্তারিত পাঠ থেকে সাম্প্রতিক চালু বিষয়গুলির ব্যাপারে সাধারণ জ্ঞানের দুয়ার উন্মুক্ত হবে। সাধারণ জ্ঞান বিষয়ে শক্ত ভিত্তি তৈরী হবে যা পরে বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় সাফল্য লাভে শিক্ষাথীকে সাহায্য করতে পারে।

 

কাদের জন্য কোর্স?

এই কোর্সটি মূলত: এইচ,এস,সি শ্রেণির ছাত্রছাত্রীদের জন্য। তবে শ্রেণিতে পাঠদানকারী শিক্ষকগণও এ থেকে অনেক উপকৃত হতে পারবেন।

 

কোর্সে কয়টি লেকচার থাকবে?

গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রায় সকল লেসন থেকে কমবেশি ৫০ টি লেকচার থাকবে।

 

The Unforgettable History word meaning

THE UNFORGETTABLE HISTORY(অবিস্মরণীয় ইতিহাস) UNIT-1, LESSON 2

Word-meanings

Overflow- উপচে পড়া ।

Grief- গভীর দুঃখ , প্রবল মনোবেদনা , তীব্র শোক।

Aware- অবগত , জ্ঞাত , সচেতন , অবহিত , সজাগ।

Import-অর্থ।

Cope-পেরে উঠা।

Awash- প্লাবিত , তরঙ্গবিধৌত , ভাসা , ভাসন্ত , ভাসমান।

Constitution- শাসনতন্ত্র; যে আইন বা নীতিসমূহ দ্বারা রাষ্ট্র পরিচালিত হয়।

Torture- যন্ত্রণা নিপীড়ন ,অসহ্য যঁত্রণাদান ,যন্ত্রণা দেত্তয়া।

Inflict- মারা , কষানো , বেসানো , হানা , শাস্তি প্রদান করা , যন্ত্রণা দেওয়া।

Shed- ঝরানো; খসানো; মোচন করা।

Repeatedly- বার বার।

Agony- বার বার।

Crimson- ঘন লাল রং , অলক্তবর্ণ , গাঢ় লাল রঙে রঞ্জিত করা।

Martial:–সামরিক।

Enslave:– ক্রীতদাসে পরিণত করা।

Launch:– চালু করা।

Assume:– ধরে নেওয়া;অনুমান করা।

Rein:–দায়িত্ব গ্রহন করা। Restore:– ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া।

Democracy:–গণতন্ত।

Majority:– সংখ্যাধিক অংশ ।

Negotiation:–আলাপ-আলোচনা

Assembly:–সভা ।

Slaughterhouse: কসাইখানা, ঘাতাগার।

Passage
My brothers,

I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully

aware of the events that are going on and understand their import. We have

been trying to do our best to cope with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the

streets of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur are awash with

the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be free, the people

of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights.

What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of

Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the

National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our

country; the people of this land would thereby get economic, political, and

cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we

have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal’s history of those years is

full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them

repeatedly. Twenty-three years of a history of men and women in agony!

The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made

their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though

we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government

then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten

years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot

dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power

and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he

would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A

lot has happened since and elections have taken place.

I’ve met President Yahya Khan. I’ve made a request to him not only on

Behalf of Bengal but also as the leader of the party which has the majority in

Pakistan; I said to him: ÔÔYou must hold the session of the National Assembly on

15 January.”But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto instead. At

first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We

said, “Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then. “I said we will

Carry out our discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone

Came up with an offer that was just, even though we were in the majority we

Would agree to that offer.

Mr. Bhutto came here; he carried out discussions with us; he had said that

the doors of negotiations had not been shut and that there would be further

negotiations. I then had talks with other leaders; I said to them, “Come and sit

down with us; let’s create a constitution for ourselves through discussions.”But

Mr. Bhutto declared that if West Pakistani members came here the Assembly

would end up as a slaughterhouse. He claimed that whoever came here would

be slaughtered. He said that if anyone showed up here all shops from Peshawar

to Karachi would be shut down.

Nelson Mandela Word Meaning


(Unit-1,lesson-1)
Nelson Mandela, from apartheid Fighter to president
Word meanings
Contribution:—অবদান। 2. Shackle:—শৃঙ্খল; বেড়ি; বাধা। 3 . Apartheid:—বর্ণবাদ; বর্ণবৈষম্য। 4.  Maulti-racial:—বহুজাতীয়। 5. Democracy:—গণতন্ত। 6. Reconciliation:—মীমাংসা। 7. Embody:—ভাবনার বাস্তবায়ন করা। 8. Imprison:—বন্দি করা। 9. Emancipation:—মুক্তি। 10. Prestige:—সম্মান। 11. Charisma:—আধ্যাত্নিক শক্তি/মহিমা। 12. Discrimination:—বৈষম্য. 13. Intensely:—তীব্রভাবে। 14.  Manifestation:—প্রকাশ। 15. Chasm:—গভীর ফাটল;খাদ;দুস্তর ব্যবধান। 16. Negotiate:—আপস মীমাংসার মাধ্যমে সমঝোতায় আসা। 17. Prominent:—প্রধান। 18. Repression:—দমননীতি। 19. Sparkle:—ঝলঝল করা। 20. Unwavering:—অবিচল। 21. Epicenter:—মধ্যমণি; কেন্দ্রবিন্দু। 22. Mathic:—কিংবদন্তি। 23. Stature:—মানসিক ও নৈ্তিক গুন। 24. Testimony:—বিবৃতি। 25. Domination:—শাসন।

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela emerged determined to use his prestige and charisma to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. “I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all it’s manifestation.I have fought it all during my life; I will fight for it now, and will do so until the end of my days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994,…” “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come,” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.” In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white Afrikaner leader who freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don’t call me. I’ll call you”. But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. “He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,” Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders. Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities,” he told the court. “It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”
Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him “Madiba,” the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

Monday, July 13, 2020

The Unforgettable History


HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 2 | People or Institutions Making History | The Unforgettable History


1. Warm up activity:
Look at the photograph of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman giving the 7 March 1971 historic speech. Ask and answer the questions in pairs.


What do you know about Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
□ Where is he giving the speech? What was the time?
□ What is the significance of the speech?
□ Have you ever heard the speech? Where?

2. Now read the speech below.
My brothers,
I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully aware of the events that are going on and understand their 'import. We have been trying to do our best to cope with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the streets of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur are awash with the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be free, the people of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights. 7

What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby get economic, political, and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal's history of those years is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them repeatedly. Twenty-three years of a history of men and women in agony! 15

The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place. 24

I've met President Yahya Khan. Tve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: "You must hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January." But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We said, "Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then." I said we will carry out our discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was just, even though we were in the majority we would agree to that offer. 33

Mr. Bhutto came here; he carried out discussions with us; he had said that the doors of negotiations had not been shut and that there would be further negotiations. I then had talks with other leaders; I said to them, "Come and sit down with us; let's create a constitution for ourselves through discussions." But Mr. Bhutto declared that if West Pakistani members came here the Assembly would end up as a slaughterhouse. He claimed that whoever came here would be slaughtered. He said that if anyone showed up here all shops from Peshawar to Karachi would be shut down. 41

I declared that the Assembly would continue to meet. But suddenly on the 1st of March the Assembly was shut down. Mr. Yahya Khan called the session of the Assembly in his capacity as the President and I declared I would be attending it. Mr. Bhutto said he wouldn't be part of it. Thirty-five members of the Assembly came from West Pakistan to take part in its proceedings. But it was dissolved all of a sudden. The blame was put on the people of Bengal, the finger was pointed at me! 48

After the Assembly's session was prorogued, the people of this country protested. I told them, "Observe the General Strike we have called peacefully." I told them" Shut down all mills and factories." Our people responded to my call. They came to the streets spontaneously. They expressed their firm determination to carry out the struggle peacefully. 53

What have we got in return? Those who brought arms with our money to defend us from external enemies are now using those arms on the poor, -the wretched, -the downtrodden people of the land. Bullets are being aimed at their hearts. We constitute the majority in Pakistan; but whenever we Bengalis have tried to assume power they have used force on us. 58

I have had a talk with Mr. Yahya Khan. I told him, "Mr. Yahya, you are the President of Pakistan; come and observe how the poor people of my country are being mowed down with bullets; come and see how our mothers are being deprived of their children; how my people are being massacred. Come, observe, and only then pass a judgement on what is going on. He has apparently said that I had agreed to attend a Round Table Conference on the 10th of March. Didn't I say a long time back: what is the point of another Round Table conference? Who will I sit with? Should I sit with those who have shed the blood of my people? He has suddenly dissolved the Assembly without carrying out any discussions with me; after sitting in a secret meeting for five hours he gave a speech where he has put all the blame on me. He has even blamed the Bengali people! 69

My brothers,
The Assembly has been called into session on the 25th of March. But the blood spilled on our streets has not yet dried. About the 10th of this month, I have told them: Mujibur Rahman won't join the Round Table Conference because that would mean wading over the blood that has been shed. Although you have called the Assembly into session, you'll have to listen to my demands first. You'll have to withdraw Martial Law. You'll have to return all army personnel to their barracks. You'll have to investigate the way our people have been murdered. And you'll have to transfer power to the representatives of the people. It is only then that Til decide whether we will take our seats in the Assembly or not. I don't want the Prime Minister's office. We want the people of this country to have their rights. I want to state clearly that from this day Bangladesh's courts, magistracies, government offices and educational institutions will be shut down indefinitely. So that the poor don't have to suffer,

so that my people don't have to go through hardships, all other things will be exempted from the General Strike from tomorrow. Rickshaws, horse carriages, trains, and launches will be allowed to move. Only the Secretariat, the Supreme Court, the High Court, Judges' Court, and semi-government organizations such as WAPDA will not be allowed to work. On the 28th employees will go and collect their salaries. If their salaries are not paid, if another bullet is fired, if my people are shot dead again, I request all of you: convert every house into a fort; confront the enemy with whatever you have. And even at the risk of your life, and even if I am not around to direct you, shut down all shops and make sure that traffic on all roads and ports are brought to a standstill. If need be, we will starve to death, but we'll go down striving for our rights. 94

To those in the armed forces I have this to say: you are my brothers; stay in your barracks and no one will bother you. But don't try again to aim your bullets at our chests. You can't suppress seventy million people forever. Since we have learned to sacrifice ourselves no one can suppress us any more. 98

And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded, we in the Awami League will do everything we can to assist them and their loved ones. If you have the means, please give what little you can to our Relief Committee. To owners of factories whose workers had participated in the General Strike the last seven days I have this to say: make sure that they are paid wages for those days. To government employees I have this to tell: you'll have to listen to my directives. Till our country is liberated, taxes and custom duties won't be collected. No one will pay them either. 106

Remember: the enemy is amidst us to create chaos and confusion, to create anarchy and to loot. In our Bengal Hindus and Muslims, Bengalis and non-Bengalis are all brothers. We are responsible for their safety; let us not taint ourselves in any way. 110

Remember those of you who work for radio and television: if the people running the radio station aren't ready to listen to us, no Bengali will report for work there. Banks will be open for two hours every day so that people can collect their salaries. But we won't allow even a single poisha to be transferred from East Bengal to West Pakistan. Telephones and telegram services will continue as before in our East Bengal; if we have to transmit news abroad you will see to that. But if any attempt is made to exterminate our people all Bengalis must take appropriate action. 118

Form Revolutionary Committees under the leadership of the Awami League in every village, every community. Be prepared to act with whatever you have in your possession. (L 116) 121

Remember: since we have already had to shed blood, we'll have to shed a lot more of it; by the Grace of God, however, we'll be able to liberate the people of this land. 124

The struggle this time is a struggle for freedom—the struggle this time is a
struggle for emancipation. 126

Long live Bengal!
[The speech has been translated by Fakrul Alam]

3. Answer the following questions:
a. Which features of the speech do you appreciate most? Why?
b. What are the two main parts of the speech?
c. Why does Bangabandhu say that "the 23 years of our history with Pakistan is a history of repression and bloodshed?"
d. How do you differentiate between the 'struggle for freedom' and the 'struggle for emancipation?'
e. Can you compare this speech with other famous speeches in history that you know about?

4. Who do the following pronouns refer to?
"you" (line 2), "we" (line 17), "we" (line 20), "we" (line 30), "them" (line 36), "them" (line 50), "they" (line 52), "they" (line 58), "them" (line 73), "you (line 75), "you" (line 90), "them" (line 106), "you" (line 116).

5. Read the speech again. The speech has references to some years and dates in our history. Find out their historical importance and complete the flow chart, ending with 25 March 1971.
HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 2 | People or Institutions Making History | The Unforgettable History

6. Make three separate lists of Bangabandhu's directives to different sections of people.
HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 2 | People or Institutions Making History | The Unforgettable History

7. See the grid below. It has two columns—one on Causes and the other on Effects. Provide the missing causes against effects and missing effects against the causes provided.
HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 2 | People or Institutions Making History | The Unforgettable History

8. Write a paragraph on the major events leading to March 7.

9. Project work
a. Present your ideas on how the March 7 speech has become a part of our history.
b. Make a fact file on Bangabandhu's life.


HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 1 | People or Institutions Making History | Nelson Mandela, from Apartheid Fighter to President

HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 1 | People or Institutions Making History | Nelson Mandela, from Apartheid Fighter to President
1. Warm up activity:
Work in pairs.



□ Who are the people in the pictures? Why are they famous?
□ Make a list of some famous people that you have heard about and write about their contribution in their fields.

2. Read the text.
REUTERS
15 December 2013
JOHANNESBURG (Reuters)-Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world.

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, 5 Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.


"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994,... "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come."

"We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."

In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid.

Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.

He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: "Don't call me. Til call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

"He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are," Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked.

The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world's most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country's borders.

Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony.

"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

"I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities," he told the court.


"It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him "Madiba," the clan name by which he was known.

People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

3. Each of the following questions has a word with four alternative meanings. Choose the word which is closest in meaning in the context that has been used in the text.
i.  What does apartheid refer to in the title?
a.  apart
b. distance
c.   discrimination
d. dialogue

ii.The word icon in the text means (line 3)
a.  portrait
b. image
c.   symbol
d. idol

iii. What does shackles refer to (line 3)?
a.  restraints
b. sick
c.   stigma
d. spur

iv. race discrimination (line 9) refers to —
a.  differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour
b. competition among the members of a race
c.   demoralization of people
d. domination of others

v. The word manifestation (line 9) means
a.  presentation
b. right
c.   change
d. sign

vi. The word healing (line 12) means
a.  curing
b. heating
c.  soothing
d. ailing

vii. The word chasm (line 13) refers to
a.   cleft
b.  top
c.   hatred
d.  border

viii. The word emancipation (line 13) is
a.   participation
b.  encouragement
c.    expectation
d.  liberation

4. Answer the following questions:
a. The text is a report prepared by a news agency. A newspaper here is interested to publish it in a shortened form. Write a summary of the report for the newspaper.

b. What do the following dates refer to?
1963        1993      1994   2004

c. Why did Nadine Gordimer remark that "He (Mandela) is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are."?

d. What emancipation did Mandela hint at by saying "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."?


e. Mandela is quoted in the report as saying, "It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." What ideal is he talking about? Do you support his ideal?

5. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the right use of verbs:
Mandela................... (be) among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC's armed wing. He ........................ (leave) South Africa and...................   (travel) the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC.
Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela................... (sentence) to life imprisonment in 1964, isolated from millions of his countrymen as they ................................. (suffer) oppression, violence and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation. He ........(imprison) on Rohben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he.................... (spend) the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons.

6. Read the jumbled text and rearrange it into a cohesive paragraph.
In his later years in prison, he met President P.W. Botha and his successor de Klerk. He was behind bars when an uprising broke out in the huge township of Soweto in 1976 and when others erupted in violence in the 1980s. "As I finally walked through those gates ... I felt even at the age of 71 that my life was beginning anew. My 10,000 days of imprisonment were at last over," Mandela wrote of that day. When he was released on 11 February 1990, walking away from the Victor Verster prison hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie, the event was watched live by millions of television viewers across the world. But when the regime realized it was time to negotiate, it was Mandela to whom it turned.

7. Now read the text below and fill in the gaps with the clues given in the box. There is one extra word than is necessary.
tuberculosis
renew to for
be
damage
September
of remained
do
the

But prison and old age took their toll on his health.
Mandela was treated in the 1980s for.............. and later required an operation to repair the................... to his eyes as well as treatment................ prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however,............... strong. "If cancer wins I will still................. the better winner," he told reporters in.............. of that year. "When I go............... the next world, the first thing I will................... is look for an ANC office to............................... my membership." Most South Africans are proud......... their post-apartheid multi-racial 'Rainbow Nation'.

8. Now fill in the gaps in the text below using suitable words.
Mandela's last major appearance on the................. stage was in 2010 when he.............. a cap in the South African................... and rode on a golf cart,............. to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 .................. the soccer World Cup final, one.......... the biggest events in the country's.................... apartheid history. "I leave it to..................... public to decide how they should................ me," he said on South African....................... before his retirement. "But I should.....................   to he remembered as an ordinary.................. African who together with others has.............................. his humble contribution."

[The text on Mandela is written by Andrew Quinn and Jon Herskovitz; Edited by Pascal Fletcher and Angus MacSwan

HSC English First Paper | Unit: 1, Lesson: 1 | People or Institutions Making History | Nelson Mandela, from Apartheid Fighter to President
1. Warm up activity:
Work in pairs.
□ Who are the people in the pictures? Why are they famous?
□ Make a list of some famous people that you have heard about and write about their contribution in their fields.

2. Read the text.
REUTERS
15 December 2013
JOHANNESBURG (Reuters)-Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world.

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, 5 Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.


"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994,... "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come."

"We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."

In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid.

Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.

He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: "Don't call me. Til call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

"He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are," Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked.

The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world's most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country's borders.

Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony.

"During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

"I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities," he told the court.


"It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him "Madiba," the clan name by which he was known.

People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

3. Each of the following questions has a word with four alternative meanings. Choose the word which is closest in meaning in the context that has been used in the text.
i.  What does apartheid refer to in the title?
a.  apart
b. distance
c.   discrimination
d. dialogue

ii.The word icon in the text means (line 3)
a.  portrait
b. image
c.   symbol
d. idol

iii. What does shackles refer to (line 3)?
a.  restraints
b. sick
c.   stigma
d. spur

iv. race discrimination (line 9) refers to —
a.  differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour
b. competition among the members of a race
c.   demoralization of people
d. domination of others

v. The word manifestation (line 9) means
a.  presentation
b. right
c.   change
d. sign

vi. The word healing (line 12) means
a.  curing
b. heating
c.  soothing
d. ailing

vii. The word chasm (line 13) refers to
a.   cleft
b.  top
c.   hatred
d.  border

viii. The word emancipation (line 13) is
a.   participation
b.  encouragement
c.    expectation
d.  liberation

4. Answer the following questions:
a. The text is a report prepared by a news agency. A newspaper here is interested to publish it in a shortened form. Write a summary of the report for the newspaper.

b. What do the following dates refer to?
1963        1993      1994   2004

c. Why did Nadine Gordimer remark that "He (Mandela) is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are."?

d. What emancipation did Mandela hint at by saying "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."?


e. Mandela is quoted in the report as saying, "It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." What ideal is he talking about? Do you support his ideal?

5. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the right use of verbs:
Mandela................... (be) among the first to advocate armed resistance to apartheid, going underground in 1961 to form the ANC's armed wing. He ........................ (leave) South Africa and...................   (travel) the continent and Europe, studying guerrilla warfare and building support for the ANC.
Branded a terrorist by his enemies, Mandela................... (sentence) to life imprisonment in 1964, isolated from millions of his countrymen as they ................................. (suffer) oppression, violence and forced resettlement under the apartheid regime of racial segregation. He ........(imprison) on Rohben Island, a penal colony of Cape Town, where he.................... (spend) the next 18 years before being moved to mainland prisons.

6. Read the jumbled text and rearrange it into a cohesive paragraph.
In his later years in prison, he met President P.W. Botha and his successor de Klerk. He was behind bars when an uprising broke out in the huge township of Soweto in 1976 and when others erupted in violence in the 1980s. "As I finally walked through those gates ... I felt even at the age of 71 that my life was beginning anew. My 10,000 days of imprisonment were at last over," Mandela wrote of that day. When he was released on 11 February 1990, walking away from the Victor Verster prison hand-in-hand with his wife Winnie, the event was watched live by millions of television viewers across the world. But when the regime realized it was time to negotiate, it was Mandela to whom it turned.

7. Now read the text below and fill in the gaps with the clues given in the box. There is one extra word than is necessary.
tuberculosis
renew to for
be
damage
September
of remained
do
the

But prison and old age took their toll on his health.
Mandela was treated in the 1980s for.............. and later required an operation to repair the................... to his eyes as well as treatment................ prostate cancer in 2001. His spirit, however,............... strong. "If cancer wins I will still................. the better winner," he told reporters in.............. of that year. "When I go............... the next world, the first thing I will................... is look for an ANC office to............................... my membership." Most South Africans are proud......... their post-apartheid multi-racial 'Rainbow Nation'.

8. Now fill in the gaps in the text below using suitable words.
Mandela's last major appearance on the................. stage was in 2010 when he.............. a cap in the South African................... and rode on a golf cart,............. to an exuberant crowd of 90,000 .................. the soccer World Cup final, one.......... the biggest events in the country's.................... apartheid history. "I leave it to..................... public to decide how they should................ me," he said on South African....................... before his retirement. "But I should.....................   to he remembered as an ordinary.................. African who together with others has.............................. his humble contribution."

[The text on Mandela is written by Andrew Quinn and Jon Herskovitz; Edited by Pascal Fletcher and Angus MacSwan


A great day - paragraph

  প্রাথমিক বৃত্তি পরীক্ষা : Primary Scholarship Examination:  How to write paragraph or short composition to get 10/10 A Great / Enjoyable /...